scholarly journals Beyond Bitcoin: Recent Trends and Perspectives in Distributed Ledger Technology

Cryptography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Diego Romano ◽  
Giovanni Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Resource ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Governance Models

In the last four years, the evolution and adoption of blockchain and, more generally, distributed ledger systems have shown the affirmation of many concepts and models with significant differences in system governance and suitable applications. This work aims to analyze distributed ledger technology (DLT) critically. Starting from the topical idea of decentralization, we introduce concepts and building blocks currently adopted in the available systems centering on their functional aspects and impact on possible applications. We present some conceptual framing tools helpful in the application context: a DLT reference architecture, off-chain and on-chain governance models, and classification of consensus protocols. Finally, we introduce the concept of process authenticity, reviewing tools and strategies for integrating DLT with the physical world and proposing a constructive scheme for the authentication of a physical resource through alphanumeric data.

scholarly journals Beyond Bitcoin: Recent Trends and Perspectives in Distributed Ledger Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Romano ◽  
Giovanni Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Recent Trends

In the last four years, the evolution and adoption of blockchain and, more generally, distributed ledger systems have shown the affirmation of many concepts and models with significant differences in system governance and suitable applications. This work aims to update the critical analysis of blockchain technologies carried out by our previous contribution to this journal, extending the focus to distributed ledger components and systems. Starting from the topical concept of decentralization, we introduce concepts and building blocks currently adopted in the available systems centering on their functional aspects and impact on possible applications. We present some conceptual framing tools helpful in the application context, and we will propose the concept of process authenticity, which we will discuss through two use cases: blockchain document dematerialization and e-voting.

scholarly journals How Useful Is a Distributed Ledger for Tracking and Tracing in Supply Chains? A Systems Thinking Approach

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Christian Straubert ◽  
Eric Sucky
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Status

Background: The use of blockchain technology for tracking and tracing (T&T) in supply chains is the subject of lively debate in scientific literature. However, distributed ledger technology (DLT) does not have to have the characteristic blockchain structure and often performs better without such a structure. Generalized DLT for T&T in supply chains has rarely been discussed in the existing literature. Methods: This article presents an exploratory case study research of eight companies to identify the main goals, and problems that the companies have when they engage in T&T. This practical perspective is complemented by a theoretical systems thinking perspective. Based on these two foundations, we discuss the usefulness of blockchain technology and, more generally, DLT for T&T in supply chains. Results: Based on our analysis, DLT is only necessary in special cases, e.g., when the owners of the data have an interest in deleting the data, but the data stakeholders do not. In the other cases examined, DLT competes with other technologies, such as conventional, centralized databases in combination with digital signatures. Furthermore, it became evident that DLT can only be useful for supply chain tracing. The technological features of DLT do not provide any benefit for supply chain tracking, i.e., the timely communication of the status of a physical good. Conclusions: Distributed ledgers often have a disadvantage in that they are very complex and, therefore, expensive. DLT should preferably only be used when it is technologically necessary or the simplest/cheapest choice, which is probably not all that often. Finally, the usefulness of distributed ledger technology and its integrated smart contract technology is highly dependent on how easy it is to link the real physical world to a digital record/contract in an error-free and tamper-proof way. Currently, such a definite link exists only in very few cases and is often impossible.

scholarly journals Organizational Building Blocks for Blockchain Governance: A Survey of 241 Blockchain White Papers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Honkanen ◽  
Mats Nylund ◽  
Magnus Westerlund
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Governance Systems

Governance for centralized organizational structures has long roots and well-developed frameworks, including for various specialty areas, such as IT or data governance. However, the introduction of blockchain technology as a supportive tool for implementing decentralized organizations requires a renewed focus for research in the area. The paper utilizes empirical data from blockchain ecosystems in the form of white papers (public communique of intention) to analyze their governance intentions. The empirical findings are based on a review of 241 blockchains and distributed ledger technology white papers, out of which 67 include explicit descriptions of how governance should be organized in the ecosystem. Our empirical research distinguishes between three categories of governance: objectives, mechanisms, and stakeholders. We further identify 28 features for these categories, which are described in an open encoding format. Hence, the paper contributes to the emerging blockchain research field, particularly to the decentralized aspects of blockchain governance research. This research also reveals that blockchain governance does not receive the attention it should as a large majority of ecosystems have not disclosed their governance intentions. The results can be utilized as a framework for future research. The results can also be helpful for industry when designing and developing governance systems.

Diagnostic Fault Simulation for the Failure Analyst

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Bodoh ◽  
Anthony Blakely ◽  
Terry Garyet
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Fault Simulation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Design For Test ◽  
Fault Diagnosis System ◽  
Diagnosis Algorithm ◽  
Diagnosis Tool

Abstract Since failure analysis (FA) tools originated in the design-for-test (DFT) realm, most have abstractions that reflect a designer's viewpoint. These abstractions prevent easy application of diagnosis results in the physical world of the FA lab. This article presents a fault diagnosis system, DFS/FA, which bridges the DFT and FA worlds. First, it describes the motivation for building DFS/FA and how it is an improvement over off-the-shelf tools and explains the DFS/FA building blocks on which the diagnosis tool depends. The article then discusses the diagnosis algorithm in detail and provides an overview of some of the supporting tools that make DFS/FA a complete solution for FA. It also presents a FA example where DFS/FA has been applied. The example demonstrates how the consideration of physical proximity improves the accuracy without sacrificing precision.

scholarly journals Development of a trade model based on distributed ledger technology for the EAEU

2021 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 571-581
Author(s):  
Seryozha E. Melkonyan ◽  
Natali A. Galoyan ◽  
Anna N. Norkina ◽  
Pavel Yu. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Model Based ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology

scholarly journals Distributed Interoperable Records: The Key to Better Supply Chain Management

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Annegret Henninger ◽  
Atefeh Mashatan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future State ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology

The global supply chain is a network of interconnected processes that create, use, and exchange records, but which were not designed to interact with one another. As such, the key to unlocking the full potential of supply chain management (SCM) technologies is achieving interoperability across participating records systems and networks. We review existing research and solutions using distributed ledger technology (DLT) and provide a survey of its current state of practice. We additionally propose a holistic solution: a DLT-based interoperable future state that could enable the interoperable, efficient, reliable, and secure exchange of records with integrity. Finally, we provide a gap analysis between our proposed future state and the current state, which also serves as a gap analysis for many fractional DLT-based SCM solutions and research.

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