scholarly journals Utility of Condition Indices as Predictors of Lipid Content in Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus)

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hards ◽  
Gray ◽  
Noël ◽  
Cunjak
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Cottus Cognatus ◽  
Slimy Sculpin ◽  
Relative Condition Factor ◽  
Condition Indices

Slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) are increasingly being used as indicator species. This has primarily entailed measuring their condition, the assumption being that condition can be used as a surrogate for lipid content. While there is evidence to suggest this assumption is applicable to some fish, it has yet to be validated for C. cognatus. Further, there are several means by which one may calculate condition, the most commonly employed of which are indirect measurements of lipid content (namely, Fulton's K, somatic K (Ks), and Le Cren's relative condition factor (Kn)). We compared the ability of each of these morphometric indices to predict whole-body lipid content in C. cognatus. There was a moderate degree of evidence that Fulton's K, Ks, and Kn are reliable predictors (Ks and Kn in particular). Of the latter we recommend Kn be used because, unlike Ks, it does not require that fish be killed. And while Fulton's K did not perform quite as well, we consider it a sufficient substitute if the data necessary to calculate Kn are unavailable.

Influence of Age and Season on Whole-Body Lipid Content of Plathypena scabra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Mason ◽  
S. J. Johnson ◽  
J. P. Woodring
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Low-Lipid Diets Fed at Reduced Ration: Effects on Growth, Body Composition, and Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-508
Author(s):  
Karen M. Cogliati ◽  
Julia R. Unrein ◽  
Wendy M. Sealey ◽  
Frederic T. Barrows ◽  
Olivia Hakanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Lipid Diet

Abstract There is a growing demand within research and conservation hatcheries to rear fish that more closely approximate the smaller size and leaner body composition of their wild counterparts. Low-lipid diets may help achieve this goal as they can provide all the nutritional needs of young fish and can lead to slower growth and leaner bodies. We compared growth of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fed three experimental low-lipid diets (11–12, 8–9, 4–6% lipid) at the onset of feeding with a commercially available high-lipid diet (18–20%) and an experimentally formulated high-lipid control (13.9% lipid). After 5 mo on their respective treatments, the size, growth rate, and daily growth index of fish on the commercial diet were significantly higher than those on the three low-lipid diets. We also compared whole-body lipid content across our five diet treatments. Whole-body lipid content was significantly different across the five diets, with fish fed the commercial diet having, on average, an almost twofold higher lipid content over fish fed the lowest lipid diet formulation. We present comparable data from a limited sample of wild juvenile conspecifics as observations. We suggest that low-lipid starter diets can be used to produce healthy fish that more likely emulate some of the variations in size and body composition of wild fish.

scholarly journals In vivo measurement of total body lipid content of common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L.) by electrical conductivity

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hancz ◽  
G. Milisits ◽  
P. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Total Body

Abstract. non-destructive method to predict the total lipid content and the lean body mass (LBM) was evaluated by measuring the total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) with common carp. This technique is based on the principle that body fat and fat-free mass differ in electric properties which can be measured in a low-frequency electromagnetic field. Experimental fish with average body weight of 1225 ± 298 g originated from a commercial stock. Fish were slaughtered immediately after the measurements and homogenized samples were taken from the grinded whole-body. The fat content of the homogenates was analysed using Soxhlet extraction after hydrochloric acid digestion. The weight of lean body mass (LBM) was calculated as the difference between the live weight and the weight of fat determined. The TOBEC method provided very precise estimation of lean body mass (R2 = 0.99). Total body lipid content (in gram) can also be predicted from the E value and live weight with adequate accuracy (R2 = 0.66) in the size range of 706–1989 g in common carp. The predictibility of the crude fat content (in %) was moderate (R2 = 0.37) in the present investigation. It could not be increased significantly by including other body measurements as standard lenght, height and circumference. Fat content of table-sized, sexually matured common carp can be estimated at a precision level that may be adequate only if high selection pressure has to be applied in a breeding program.

Effect of body lipid content is linked to nutritional adaptation in the acclimation responses of mesic-adapted Paederus to seasonal variations in desiccation stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 104226
Author(s):  
Lee-Jin Bong ◽  
Chia-Yu Wang ◽  
Satomi Shiodera ◽  
Takashi F. Haraguchi ◽  
Masayuki Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Desiccation Stress ◽  
Body Lipid

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects Of Strontium Ranelate and Impact Exercise On Bone Mass In Ovariectomized Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3040
Author(s):  
Priscilla Aveline ◽  
Annabelle Cesaro ◽  
Marija Mazor ◽  
Thomas M. Best ◽  
Eric Lespessailles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Strontium Ranelate ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Osteocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Ovx Rats

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of physical exercise (EXE), strontium ranelate (SR), or their combination on bone status in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. DESIGN: Sixty female Wistar rats were randomized to one of five groups: sham (Sh), OVX (O), OVX+EXE (OE), OVX+SR (OSR), and OVX+EXE+SR (OESR). Animals in EXE groups were subjected to 10 drops per day (45 cm in height); rats in SR groups received 625 mg/kg/day of SR, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), mechanical strength of the left femur (three-point bending test), and femur microarchitecture of (micro-computed tomography imaging, microCT) analyses were performed to characterize biomechanical and trabecular/cortical structure. Bone remodeling, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content were evaluated by ELISA and immunofluorescence tests. RESULTS: In OVX rats, whole-body BMD, trabecular parameters, and osteocalcin (OCN) levels decreased, while weight, lean/fat mass, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content all increased. EXE after ovariectomy improved BMD and BMC, trabecular parameters, cross-sectional area (CSA), moment of inertia, and OCN levels while decreasing osteocyte apoptosis and lipid content. SR treatment increased BMD and BMC, trabecular parameters, CSA, stiffness, OCN, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Furthermore, fat mass, N-telopeptide (NTX) level, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content significantly decreased. The combination of both EXE and SR improved bone parameters compared with EXE or SR alone. CONCLUSION: EXE and SR had positive and synergistic effects on bone formation and resorption.

scholarly journals Farnesoid X Receptor an Emerging Target to Combat Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel De Magalhaes Filho ◽  
Michael Downes ◽  
Ronald M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Attractive Candidate ◽  
Potential Use

Obesity and its associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes, have reached epidemic levels worldwide. However, available treatment options are limited and ineffective in managing the disease. There is therefore an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological solutions. The bile acid (BA) Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has recently emerged as an attractive candidate. Initially described for their role in lipid and vitamin absorption from diet, BAs are hormones with powerful effects on whole body lipid and glucose metabolism. In this review, we focus on FXR and how 2 decades of work on this receptor, both in rodents and humans, have led to the development of drug agonists with potential use in humans for treatment of conditions ranging from obesity-associated diseases to BA dysregulation.

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