scholarly journals Four-Year Field Survey of Black Band Disease and Skeletal Growth Anomalies in Encrusting Montipora spp. Corals around Sesoko Island, Okinawa

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Rocktim Ramen Das ◽  
Haruka Wada ◽  
Giovanni Diego Masucci ◽  
Tanya Singh ◽  
Parviz Tavakoli-Kolour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Growth Anomalies ◽  
Coral Genus ◽  
Black Band

The Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate scleractinian coral genus Montipora is the host of many coral diseases. Among these are cyanobacterial Black Band Disease (BBD) and Skeletal Growth Anomalies (GAs), but in general data on both diseases are lacking from many regions of the Indo-Pacific, including from Okinawa, southern Japan. In this study, we collected annual prevalence data of Black Band Disease (BBD) and Skeletal Growth Anomalies (GAs) affecting the encrusting form of genus Montipora within the shallow reefs of the subtropical Sesoko Island (off the central west coast of Okinawajima Island) from summer to autumn for four years (2017 to 2020). In 2020 Montipora percent coverage and colony count were also assessed. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were used to understand the spatial and temporal variation of both BBD and GAs in the nearshore (NE) and reef edge (RE) sites, which revealed higher probability of BBD occurrence in RE sites. BBD prevalence was significantly higher in 2017 in some sites than all other years with site S12 having significant higher probability during all four surveyed years. In terms of GAs, certain sites in 2020 had higher probability of occurrence than during the other years. While the general trend of GAs increased from 2017 to 2020, it was observed to be non-fatal to colonies. In both diseases, the interaction between sites and years was significant. We also observed certain BBD-infected colonies escaping complete mortality. BBD progression rates were monitored in 2020 at site S4, and progression was related to seawater temperatures and was suppressed during periods of heavy rain and large strong typhoons. Our results suggest that higher BBD progression rates are linked with high sea water temperatures (SST > bleaching threshold SST) and higher light levels (> 1400 µmol m−2 s−1), indicating the need for further controlled laboratory experiments. The current research will help form the basis for continued future research into these diseases and their causes in Okinawa and the Indo-Pacific Ocean.

scholarly journals KELIMPAHAN DAN PREVALENSI PENYAKIT KARANG DI PERAIRAN LANGARA, KONAWA KEPULAUAN, SULAWESI TENGGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Siti Hasma ◽  
Baru Sadarun ◽  
Ratna Diyah Palupi
Keyword(s):  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Yellow Band ◽  
Growth Anomalies ◽  
White Spots ◽  
White Band ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
Yellow Band Disease ◽  
White Band Disease

Penyakit karang adalah gangguan terhadap kesehatan karang yang menyebabkan hilang atau rusaknya jaringan karang. Biota karang yang terinfeksi penyakit telah diidentifikasikan sebagai salah satu faktor utama yang memperburuk tutupan terumbu karang secara global. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang di Perairan Langara, Konawe Kepulauan, Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengambilan data dilakukan di bulan April 2018 pada tiga stasiun penelitian. Metode pengambilan data kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang menggunakan metode belt transect (transek sabuk) dengan luas area transek 350 m2, yang ditarik sejajar garis pantai. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa penyakit karang yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 8 jenis [Black Band Disease (BBD), Dark Spots Disease (DSD), Ulcerative White Spots (UWS), White Band Disease (WBD), Explained Growth Anomalies (EGA), White Syndrom (WS), Bleacing (BL) dan Yellow Band Disease (YBD)]. Kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang yang tertinggi terdapat di stasiun II, dimana nilai kelimpahan yaitu 0.063 koloni/m2 dan nilai prevalensi yaitu 92.187%. Jenis penyakit karang yang mendominasi di lokasi penelitian secara berturut-turut adalah UWS, BBD dan WS.Kata Kunci: Kelimpahan; Penyakit Karang; Perairan Langara; Prevalensi

IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT DAN GANGGUAN KESEHATAN TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN DESA LANGGAPULU KONAWE SELATAN SULAWESI TENGGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Riska Riska ◽  
Lalang Lalang ◽  
Sudarwin Kamur ◽  
Iswandi Wahab ◽  
Maharani Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Growth Anomalies ◽  
Brown Band ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Line Intercept ◽  
Brown Band Disease

Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan salah satu organisme laut yang rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan perairan. Salah satu dampak akibat perubahan lingkungan tersebut adalah munculnya berbagai penyakit dan gangguankesehatan karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang dan mengindetifikasi jenis-jenis penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan yang mengancam ekosistem terumbu karang di perairan Desa Langgapulu. Metodetransek garis (line intercept transect) sepanjang 50 m digunakan untuk menggambarkan kondisi terumbu karang dengan melihat persentase penutupan karang hidup, karang mati, alga, dan keberadaan biota lainnya. Metode belt transek dengan ukuran 5 m x 50 m digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan karang, pada 4 stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terumbu karang di perairan tersebut dalam kategorisedang hingga buruk/rusak. Jenis penyakit karang yang ditemukan pada perairan ini yaitu Black Band Disease (BBD), Brown Band Disease (BRBD), Dark Spots Disease (DSD), Pink Boctch (PB), Skeletal Eroding Band (SEB), dan White Syndromes (WS). Gangguan kesehatan karang umumnya disebabkan karenapemutihan karang (Bleaching), Crown of Thorns Starfish, Growth Anomalies, Pigmentation Response, Sediment Damage, dan Tube Former. Penurunan kualitas lingkungan perairan sangat berperan terhadap munculnya berbagai penyakit dan gangguan terhadap kesehatan karang, yang berdampak pada gangguan secara fisiologis bagi biota karang. 

Control of flexible manipulators: A survey

Robotica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Benosman ◽  
G. Le Vey
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Flexible Arms

A survey of the field of control for flexible multi-link robots is presented. This research area has drawn great attention during the last two decades, and seems to be somewhat less “attractive” now, due to the many satisfactory results already obtained, but also because of the complex nature of the remaining open problems. Thus it seems that the time has come to try to deliver a sort of “state of the art” on this subject, although an exhaustive one is out of scope here, because of the great amount of publications. Instead, we survey the most salient progresses – in our opinion – approximately during the last decade, that are representative of the essential different ideas in the field. We proceed along with the exposition of material coming from about 119 included references. We do not pretend to deeply present each of the methods quoted hereafter; however, our goal is to briefly introduce most of the existing methods and to refer the interested reader to more detailed presentations for each scheme. To begin with, a now well-established classification of the flexible arms control goals is given. It is followed by a presentation of different control strategies, indicating in each case whether the approach deals with the one-link case, which can be successfully treated via linear models, or with the multi-link case which necessitates nonlinear, more complex, models. Some possible issues for future research are given in conclusion.

scholarly journals Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2963-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sander ◽  
W. C. Keene ◽  
A. A. P. Pszenny ◽  
R. Arimoto ◽  
G. P. Ayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Sea Salt Aerosol

Abstract. The cycling of inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer (mbl) has received increased attention in recent years. Bromide, a constituent of sea water, is injected into the atmosphere in association with sea-salt aerosol by breaking waves on the ocean surface. Measurements reveal that supermicrometer sea-salt aerosol is depleted in bromine by about 50% relative to conservative tracers, whereas marine submicrometer aerosol is often enriched in bromine. Model calculations, laboratory studies, and field observations strongly suggest that these depletions reflect the chemical transformation of particulate bromide to reactive inorganic gases that influence the processing of ozone and other important constituents of marine air. However, currently available techniques cannot reliably quantify many \\chem{Br}-containing compounds at ambient concentrations and, consequently, our understanding of inorganic Br cycling over the oceans and its global significance are uncertain. To provide a more coherent framework for future research, we have reviewed measurements in marine aerosol, the gas phase, and in rain. We also summarize sources and sinks, as well as model and laboratory studies of chemical transformations. The focus is on inorganic bromine over the open oceans, excluding the polar regions. The generation of sea-salt aerosol at the ocean surface is the major tropospheric source producing about 6.2 Tg/a of bromide. The transport of  Br from continents (as mineral aerosol, and as products from biomass-burning and fossil-fuel combustion) can be of local importance. Transport of degradation products of long-lived Br-containing compounds from the stratosphere and other sources contribute lesser amounts. Available evidence suggests that, following aerosol acidification, sea-salt bromide reacts to form Br2 and BrCl that volatilize to the gas phase and photolyze in daylight to produce atomic Br and Cl. Subsequent transformations can destroy tropospheric ozone, oxidize dimethylsulfide (DMS) and hydrocarbons in the gas phase and S(IV) in aerosol solutions, and thereby potentially influence climate. The diurnal cycle of gas-phase \\Br and the corresponding particulate Br deficits are correlated. Higher values of Br in the gas phase during daytime are consistent with expectations based on photochemistry. Mechanisms that explain the widely reported accumulation of particulate Br in submicrometer aerosols are not yet understood. We expect that the importance of inorganic Br cycling will vary in the future as a function of both increasing acidification of the atmosphere (through anthropogenic emissions) and climate changes. The latter affects bromine cycling via meteorological factors including global wind fields (and the associated production of sea-salt aerosol), temperature, and relative humidity.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Data Sharing Practices in the Psychological Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Neve ◽  
Guillaume A Rousselet
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Editorial Policies ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Impact

Sharing data has many benefits. However, data sharing rates remain low, for the most part well below 50%. A variety of interventions encouraging data sharing have been proposed. We focus here on editorial policies. Kidwell et al. (2016) assessed the impact of the introduction of badges in Psychological Science; Hardwicke et al. (2018) assessed the impact of Cognition’s mandatory data sharing policy. Both studies found policies to improve data sharing practices, but only assessed the impact of the policy for up to 25 months after its implementation. We examined the effect of these policies over a longer term by reusing their data and collecting a follow-up sample including articles published up until December 31st, 2019. We fit generalized additive models as these allow for a flexible assessment of the effect of time, in particular to identify non-linear changes in the trend. These models were compared to generalized linear models to examine whether the non-linearity is needed. Descriptive results and the outputs from generalized additive and linear models were coherent with previous findings: following the policies in Cognition and Psychological Science, data sharing statement rates increased immediately and continued to increase beyond the timeframes examined previously, until reaching close to 100%. In Clinical Psychological Science, data sharing statement rates started to increase only two years following the implementation of badges. Reusability rates jumped from close to 0% to around 50% but did not show changes within the pre-policy nor the post-policy timeframes. Journals that did not implement a policy showed no change in data sharing rates or reusability over time. There was variability across journals in the levels of increase, so we suggest future research should examine a larger number of policies to draw conclusions about their efficacy. We also encourage future research to investigate the barriers to data sharing specific to psychology subfields to identify the best interventions to tackle them.

scholarly journals PUNCAK PREVALENSI PENYAKIT KARANG JENIS SABUK HITAM (BLACK BAND DISEASE) DI KEPULAUAN SERIBU, JAKARTA

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Ofri Johan ◽  
Anang Hari Kristanto ◽  
Joni Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Black Band

Keberadaan penyakit karang akan menyebabkan kerusakan komunitas dan populasi karang di Indonesia, sementara informasi prevalensi penyakit tersebut masih sedikit terpublikasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi penyakit karang jenis sabuk hitam di Kepulauan Seribu pada enam lokasi di bagian tubir dan 10 lokasi di bagian lereng terumbu yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2011. Metode transek sabuk digunakan untuk mendapatkan prevalensi penyakit karang dengan ukuran 1 m ke kiri dan 1 m ke kanan dari garis transek, panjang transek 20 m dan dilakukan tiga ulangan pada setiap lokasi, sehingga total luasan yang teramati adalah 120 m2. Hasil penelitian di bagian tubir berhasil mengamati jumlah koloni sebanyak 4.517, lebih tinggi dibandingkan di lereng terumbu yaitu sebanyak 3.418 koloni. Karang yang dominan ditemukan di lereng terumbu adalah Montipora sp., Acropora sp., dan Porites sp., dengan jumlah koloni berturut-turut yaitu 2.417 koloni, 1.131 koloni, dan 299 koloni, sementara pada lereng terumbu didominasi oleh karang Porites sp., Fungia sp., dan Acropora sp. dengan jumlah koloni berturut-turut yaitu 867 koloni, 596 koloni, dan 496 koloni. Prevalensi penyakit sabuk hitam pada tubir lebih tinggi (12,53%) dibandingkan dengan di lereng terumbu (0,05%), demikian juga dengan faktor penganggu kesehatan karang lebih tinggi di tubir (3,25%) dibandingkan dengan di lereng terumbu (2,68%). Data prevalensi pada penelitian ini merupakan puncak prevalensi (outbreak) dibandingkan dengan data lain yang dilakukan pengamatan selama satu tahun. Prevalensi penyakit sabuk hitam sangat dipengaruhi oleh adanya peningkatan suhu dan intensitas cahaya, sehingga prevalensi di perairan dangkal (tubir) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di lereng terumbu.

Black Band disease-related (BBD) cyanobacterium from Okinawan corals

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 3197-3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipus Uli Basa Hutabarat ◽  
Xuan Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Shoichiro Suda
Keyword(s):  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Black Band

scholarly journals Predicting the Electrical Energy Consumption of Electric Arc Furnaces Using Statistical Modeling

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo S. Carlsson ◽  
Peter B. Samuelsson ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Input Variables

Statistical modeling, also known as machine learning, has gained increased attention in part due to the Industry 4.0 development. However, a review of the statistical models within the scope of steel processes has not previously been conducted. This paper reviews available statistical models in the literature predicting the Electrical Energy (EE) consumption of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). The aim was to structure published data and to bring clarity to the subject in light of challenges and considerations that are imposed by statistical models. These include data complexity and data treatment, model validation and error reporting, choice of input variables, and model transparency with respect to process metallurgy. A majority of the models are never tested on future heats, which essentially renders the models useless in a practical industrial setting. In addition, nonlinear models outperform linear models but lack transparency with regards to which input variables are influencing the EE consumption prediction. Some input variables that heavily influence the EE consumption are rarely used in the models. The scrap composition and additive materials are two such examples. These observed shortcomings have to be correctly addressed in future research applying statistical modeling on steel processes. Lastly, the paper provides three key recommendations for future research applying statistical modeling on steel processes.

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