scholarly journals Quantitative Risk Assessment Model of Human Salmonellosis Resulting from Consumption of Broiler Chicken

Diseases ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Akil ◽  
H. Anwar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Salmonella Infections

(1) Background: Salmonella infections are a major cause of illnesses in the United States. Each year around 450 people die from the disease and more than 23,000 people are hospitalized. Salmonella outbreaks are commonly associated with eggs, meat and poultry. In this study, a quantitative risk assessment model (QRAM) was developed to determine Salmonella infections in broiler chicken. (2) Methods: Data of positive Salmonella infections were obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System, in addition to published literature. The Decision Tools @RISK add-in software was used for various analyses and to develop the QRAM. The farm-to-fork pathway was modeled as a series of unit operations and associated pathogen events that included initial contamination at the broiler house (node 1), contamination at the slaughter house (node 2), contamination at retail (node 3), cross-contamination during serving and cooking (node 4), and finally the dose–response model after consumption. (3) Results: QRAM of Salmonella infections from broiler meat showed highest contribution of infection from the retail node (33.5%). (4) Conclusions: This QRAM that predicts the risk of Salmonella infections could be used as a guiding tool to manage the Salmonella control programs

scholarly journals A Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Salmonellosis from Consumption of Pistachios in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOFIA M. SANTILLANA FARAKOS ◽  
RÉGIS POUILLOT ◽  
GORDON R. DAVIDSON ◽  
RHOMA JOHNSON ◽  
JUDITH SPUNGEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT We developed a quantitative risk assessment model to assess the risk of human nontyphoidal salmonellosis from consumption of pistachios in the United States and to evaluate the impact of Salmonella treatments (1- to 5-log reductions). The exposure model estimating prevalence and contamination levels of Salmonella at consumption included steps in pistachio processing such as transport from grower to huller, removal of the hull through wet abrasion, separation of pistachio floaters (immature, smaller nuts) and sinkers (mature, larger nuts) in a flotation tank, drying, storage, and partitioning. The risks of illness per serving and per year were evaluated by including a Salmonella dose-response model and U.S. consumption data. The spread of Salmonella through float tank water, delay in drying resulting in growth, increased Salmonella levels through pest infestation during storage (pre- and posttreatment), and a simulation of the 2016 U.S. salmonellosis outbreak linked to consumption of pistachios were the modeled atypical situations. The baseline model predicted one case of salmonellosis per 2 million servings (95% CI: one case per 5 million to 800,000 servings) for sinker pistachios and one case per 200,000 servings (95% CI: one case per 400,000 to 40,000 servings) for floater pistachios when no Salmonella treatment was applied and pistachios were consumed as a core product (>80% pistachio) uncooked at home. Assuming 90% of the pistachio supply is sinkers and 10% is floaters, the model estimated 419 salmonellosis cases per year (95% CI: 200 to 1,083 cases) when no Salmonella treatment was applied. A mean risk of illness of less than one case per year was estimated when a minimum 4-log reduction treatment was applied to the U.S. pistachio supply, similar to the results of the Salmonella risk assessment for almonds. This analysis revealed that the predicted risk of illness per serving is higher for all atypical situations modeled compared with the baseline, and delay in drying had the greatest impact on consumer risk.

A quantitative risk assessment model of Salmonella contamination for the yellow-feathered broiler chicken supply chain in China

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 107612
Author(s):  
Xingning Xiao ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Ming Liao ◽  
Chase Rainwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Assessment Model

Environmental Impact Assessment of Transporting Hazardous Waste Generated by Maquiladora Industry in U.S.-Mexico Border Region

1997 ◽  
Vol 1602 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleiman A. Ashur ◽  
M. Hadi Baaj ◽  
K. David Pijawka ◽  
Derar S. Serhan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
United States Mexico

Hazardous waste shipments from U.S.-owned industries in the northern part of Mexico near the border with the United States are a growing problem. Today, the Mexican Environmental Agency requires all U.S. industries to return the waste produced by their plants to the United States. Currently, there is no database on the amount of hazardous waste transported from these firms, the pattern of shipments (from what origins to what destinations), and the nature of the risks to the population and environment along the shipment routes. In addition, there is a growing need to develop a risk assessment model and framework to focus on the transport of hazardous waste in the United States–Mexico border region, given the anticipated changes resulting from implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Results of the data collection and analysis task and the risk assessment model formulation task are presented. The methodology is demonstrated in a case-study area of the United States–Mexico border region, namely, the Arizona-Sonora border area, and should be a valuable tool for evaluating various transport risk management scenarios of importance to the border area.

A semi-quantitative risk assessment model for the outbreak of grass carp hemorrhage

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song YANG ◽  
Shuqin WU ◽  
Ningqiu LI ◽  
Cunbin SHI ◽  
Guocheng DENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Assessment Model

scholarly journals The use of cultural risk assessment within the 1994 Tribal land-grant colleges and universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Alvin L Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Cultural Issues

In 1994, the United States Congress established 35 Colleges or Universities on Reservation Lands of the Native Americans throughout the Midwest and Western United States. These new institutions were provided annual funds from the United States Department of Agriculture for education, research and extension, components of the Land-Grant system. Today, issues related to risk assessment and risk management confront tribal decision-makers as they cope with risks, both real and perceived, that include the transportation of hazardous materials through the reservation, the clean-up of contaminated sites within the reservation, the environmental restoration of Federal facilities, the siting of waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, the development of tribal mineral and other natural resources, and the construction and operation of industrial and commercial facilities within the reservation. Tribal decision-makers lack Indian-specific epidemiologic, genetic, and cultural information that impact current risk assessment models needed to incorporate tribal cultural issues. There is a need to enhance the science skills of tribal college faculty in assisting tribal councils and tribal colleges in the long-term planning and stewardship of natural resources on their reservations.

scholarly journals A quantitative risk assessment for the occurrence of campylobacter in chickens at the point of slaughter

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. HARTNETT ◽  
L. KELLY ◽  
D. NEWELL ◽  
M. WOOLDRIDGE ◽  
G. GETTINBY
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Poultry Flock

A quantitative risk assessment model investigating the risk of human infection with campylobacter from the consumption of chicken meat/products is currently being formulated. Here such an approach is used to evaluate the probability that a random bird, selected at slaughter from Great Britain's national poultry flock, will be campylobacter-positive. This is determined from the probability that a flock chosen at random contains at least one colonized bird and the within-flock prevalence of such a flock at slaughter. The model indicates that the probability bird chosen at random being campylobacter-positive at slaughter is 0·53. This probability value has associated uncertainty, the 5th percentile being 0·51 and the 95th percentile 0·55. The model predicts that delaying the age at first exposure to campylobacter can have a significant impact on reducing the probability of a bird being campylobacter-positive at slaughter. However, implementation of current biosecurity methods makes this difficult to achieve.

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