scholarly journals An In Vitro Evaluation of Primary Stability Values for Two Differently Designed Implants to Suit Immediate Loading in Very Soft Bone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dirk Krischik ◽  
Selen Ergin Tokgöz ◽  
Andreas van Orten ◽  
Anton Friedmann ◽  
Hakan Bilhan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Immediate Loading ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Sufficient Stability ◽  
Implant Bed

The achievement of sufficient implant stability in poor quality bone seems to be a challenge. Most manufacturers develop special dental implants, which are claimed to show higher stability even in very soft bone. The aim of this experimental study was to compare two recently introduced dental implants with differing thread designs. A total of 11 implants of each group were inserted in the part of the fresh bovine ribs, corresponding to very soft bone. The primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and Periotest; the average of two measurements for each method and for each implant was taken and statistical analysis was applied. The highest stability values were obtained with the ICX Active Master implants, followed by the Conelog® Progressive-Line implants placed with the very soft bone protocol. The primary stability values of the Conelog® Progressive-Line implants inserted by the very soft bone protocol and the ICX Active Master implants placed with the standard protocol showed sufficient stability for immediate loading in low-density bone. Within the limitations of this study, the thread design of the implants and underdimensioned implant bed preparation seem to be effective for better primary stability in cancellous bone.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Undersizing Site Preparations on Implant Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8965
Author(s):  
Bernardo Ferreira Lemos ◽  
Paula Lopez-Jarana ◽  
Carlos Falcao ◽  
Blanca Ríos-Carrasco ◽  
Javier Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Stability ◽  
Immediate Loading ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Implant Stability Quotient ◽  
Surgical Preparation ◽  
Implant System

As immediate loading protocols are becoming more frequent, the primary stability of implants has become an essential criterion for the osseointegration of dental implants. Based on this, the objective of this study was to understand the influence of different undersized surgical preparation sites on the insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ). Four different site-preparation protocols were performed on fresh humid type III bovine bone: one control, the standard protocol recommended by the manufacturer (P1), and three variations of undersized techniques (P2, P3 and P4). The implant used was VEGA by Klockner Implant System. The sample size was n = 40 for each of the four groups. A torquemeter was used to measure the IT, and the ISQ was measured with a Penguin RFA. Both variables showed a tendency to increase as the preparation technique was reduced, although not all the values were statistically significant (p < 0.05) when comparing with the standard preparation. The preparations without a cortical drill, P2 and P4, showed better results than those with a cortical drill. Given the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that reducing the implant preparation can increase both the IT and ISQ. Removing the cortical drill is an effective method for increasing implant stability, although it should be used carefully.

Effect of Rotating Osteotomes on Primary Implant Stability—An In Vitro Investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Philipp Kreißel ◽  
Felix Kölpin ◽  
Friedrich Graef ◽  
Manfred Wichmann ◽  
Matthias Karl
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Surrogate Models ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Implant Stability Quotient ◽  
Primary Implant ◽  
In Vitro Investigation

Achieving sufficient primary implant stability in poor-quality bone is difficult. Other than for conventional osteotomes, little is known about the effectiveness of screw-shaped spreaders in condensing bone and increasing primary stability. Therefore, implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurements of implants placed in bone surrogate models were conducted. Whereas bony microarchitecture had no effect on implant stability, initial bone density, presence of a cortical layer, and the use of screw-shaped spreaders significantly increased ISQ levels.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Analysis on Polyurethane Foam Blocks of the Insertion Torque (IT) Values, Removal Torque Values (RTVs), and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) Values in Tapered and Cylindrical Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9238
Author(s):  
Luca Comuzzi ◽  
Margherita Tumedei ◽  
Camillo D’Arcangelo ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
Giovanna Iezzi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
Torque Values

Background: Several different dental implant microgeometries have been investigated in the literature for use in low-density bone sites. The polyurethane solid rigid blocks represent an optimal in vitro study model for dental implants, because their composition is characterized by symmetrical linear chains of monomers of hexa-methylene sequences producing a self-polymerization process. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the primary stability of cylindrical and tapered implants positioned into low-density polyurethane solid rigid blocks. Materials and Methods: Two different macrogeometries, cylindrical (4 mm diameter and 10 mm length) and tapered dental implants (4.20 mm diameter and 10 mm length), were investigated in the present study. The implants were inserted into 10 PCF and 20 PCF polyurethane blocks, with and without an additional cortical layer. The insertion torque (IT) values, the removal torque values (RTVs), and the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were measured and recorded. Results: A total of 80 sites were tested, and a significant increased primary stability (PS) was detected in favour of tapered dental implants when compared to cylindrical implants in all experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Higher IT, RT, and RFA values were measured in tapered implants in 10 and 20 PCF polyurethane blocks, both with and without the additional cortical layer. Conclusions: Both implants showed sufficient primary stability in poor density substrates, while, on the other hand, the tapered microgeometry showed characteristics that could also lead to clinical application in low-density posterior maxillary sites, even with a drastically decreased bone cortical component.

Influence of Bone Quality, Drilling Protocol, Implant Diameter/Length on Primary Stability: An In Vitro Comparative Study on Insertion Torque and Resonance Frequency Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Farronato ◽  
Mattia Manfredini ◽  
Michele Stocchero ◽  
Mattia Caccia ◽  
Lorenzo Azzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
Implant Length

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bone quality, drilling technique, implant diameter, and implant length on insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) of a prototype-tapered implant with knife-edge threads. The investigators hypothesized that IT would be affected by variations in bone quality and drilling protocol, whereas RFA would be less influenced by such variables. The investigators implemented an in vitro experiment in which a prototype implant was inserted with different testing conditions into rigid polyurethane foam blocks. The independent variables were: bone quality, drilling protocol, implant diameter, and implant length. Group A implants were inserted with a conventional drilling protocol, whereas Group B implants were inserted with an undersized drilling protocol. Values of IT and RFA were measured at implant installation. IT and RFA values were significantly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.54). A multivariable analysis showed a strong model. Higher IT values were associated with drilling protocol B vs A (mean difference: 71.7 Ncm), implant length (3.6 Ncm increase per mm in length), and substrate density (0.199 Ncm increase per mg/cm3 in density). Higher RFA values were associated with drilling protocol B vs A (mean difference: 3.9), implant length (1.0 increase per mm in length), and substrate density (0.032 increase per mg/cm3 in density). Implant diameter was not associated with RFA or IT. Within the limitations of an in vitro study, the results of this study suggest that the studied implant can achieve good level of primary stability in terms of IT and RFA. A strong correlation was found between values of IT and RFA. Both parameters are influenced by the drilling protocol, implant length, and substrate density. Further studies are required to investigate the clinical response in primary stability and marginal bone response.

scholarly journals Comparative radiographic and resonance frequency analyses of the peri-implant tissue after dental implants placement using flap and flapless techniques: An experimental study on domestic pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Vlahovic ◽  
Branko Mihailovic ◽  
Zoran Lazic ◽  
Mileta Golubovic
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Flap Technique ◽  
Implant Placement

Background/Aim. Flapless implant surgery has become very important issue during recent years, mostly thanks to computerization of dentistry and software planning of dental implants placements. The aim of this study was to compare flap and flapless surgical techniques for implant placement through radiographic and radiofrequency analyses. Methods. The experiment was made in five domestic pigs. Nine weeks following domestic pigs teeth extraction, implants were placed, on the right side using surgical technique flap, and flapless on the left side. Digital dental Xrays were applied to determine primary dental implant stability quality (ISQ). At certain intervals, not later than three months, the experimental animals were sacrificed, and just before it, control X-rays were applied to measure dental implants stability. Results. Radiographic analysis showed that peri-implant bone resorption in the first 4 weeks following placement implants with flap and flapless surgical techniques was negligible. After the 3 months, mean value of peri-implant bone resorption of the implants placed using flap technique was 1.86 mm, and of those placed using flapless technique was 1.13 mm. In relation to the primary dental implant stability in the first and second week there was an expected decrease in ISQ values, but it was less expressed in the dental implants placed using the flapless technique. In the third week the ISQ values were increased in the dental implants placed by using both techniques, but the increase in flapless implant placement was higher (7.4 ISQ) than in flap implant placement (1.5 ISQ). The upward trend continued in a 4- week period, and after 3 months the dental implant stability values in the implants placed using flap technique were higher than the primary stability for 7.1 ISQ, and in the implants placed using flapless technique were higher comparing to the primary stability for 10.1 ISQ units. Conclusion. Based on the results of radiographic and resonance frequency analyses it can be concluded that the flapless technique in surgical implants placemat, leads to better results.

Primary Stability of Short Implants Inserted Using Piezoelectric or Drilling Systems: An In Vitro Comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Claudio Stacchi ◽  
Matteo De Biasi ◽  
Lucio Torelli ◽  
Massimo Robiony ◽  
Roberto Di Lenarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Implant Stability Quotient ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Implant Site Preparation

The primary objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of implant site preparation technique (drills vs ultrasonic instrumentation) on the primary stability of short dental implants with two different designs inserted in simulated low-quality cancellous bone. Eighty implant sites were prepared in custom-made solid rigid polyurethane blocks with two different low cancellous bone densities (5 or 15 pounds per cubic foot [PCF]), equally distributed between piezoelectric (Surgysonic Moto, Esacrom, Italy) and conventional drilling techniques. Two short implant systems (Prama and Syra, Sweden & Martina) were tested by inserting 40 fixtures of each system (both 6.0 mm length and 5.0 mm diameter), divided in the four subgroups (drills/5 PCF density; drills/15 PCF density; piezo/5 PCF density; piezo/15 PCF density). Insertion torque (Ncm), implant stability quotient values, removal torque (Ncm), and surgical time were recorded. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Scheffé's test (α = 0.05). With slight variations among the considered dependent variables, overall high primary implant stability was observed across all subgroups. Piezoelectric instrumentation allowed for comparable or slightly superior primary stability in comparison with the drilling procedures in both implant systems. The Prama implants group showed the highest mean reverse torque and Syra implants the highest implant stability quotient values. Piezoelectric implant site preparation took prolonged operative time compared to conventional preparation with drills; among the drilling procedures, Syra system required fewer surgical steps and shorter operative time.

scholarly journals Stability of dental implants with sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) and modified (SLActive) surfaces during the osseointegration period

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Gulsum Sayin Ozel ◽  
Ozgur Inan ◽  
Asli Secilmis Acar ◽  
Gamze Alniacik Iyidogan ◽  
Dogan Dolanmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Osteoprogenitor Cells ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Modified Surfaces ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

Background. The surface properties of implants are effective factors for increasing the osseointegration and activity of osteoprogenitor cells. This study compared the stability of dental implants with sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) and modified surfaces (SLActive) using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Methods. In a split-mouth design, 50 dental implants with either SLA surface properties (n=25) or modified (SLActive) surface properties (n=25) were placed in the mandibles of 12 patients with a bilateral posterior edentulous area. Implant stability was measured using RFA (Osstell) at implant placement time and every week for 1, 2, and 3 months before the conventional loading time. Results. One week following the implantation, implant stability increased from 70 to 77.67 for SLA and from 71.67 to 79 for SLActive (P<0.05). Stability improved each week except in the 4th week in SLActive surface measurements. No significant differences were observed between the groups at 2 and 3 months (P>0.05). Conclusions. For both implant surfaces, increased stability was observed over time, with no significant differences between the groups.

scholarly journals Influence of Insertion Torque on Clinical and Biological Outcomes before and after Loading of Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures in Atrophic Edentulous Mandibles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Faot ◽  
Amália Machado Bielemann ◽  
Alessandra Julie Schuster ◽  
Raissa Micaella Marcello-Machado ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Edentulous Patients

Aim. To evaluate the influence of primary insertion torque (IT) values of narrow dental implants on the peri-implant health, implant stability, immunoinflammatory responses, bone loss, and success and survival rates. Methods. Thirty-one edentulous patients received two narrow implants (2.9x10mm, Facility NeoPoros) to retain mandibular overdentures. The implants were categorized in four groups according to their IT: (G1) IT > 10 Ncm; (G2) IT ≥ 10Ncm and ≤ 30 Ncm; (G3) IT >30Ncm and < 45Ncm; (G4) IT ≥ 45Ncm, and all implants were loaded after 3 months of healing. The following clinical outcomes were evaluated 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after implant insertion: (i) peri-implant tissue health (PH), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), calculus presence (CP), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP); (ii) implant stability quotient (ISQ) by resonance frequency analysis; and (iii) IL-1β and TNF-α concentration in the peri-implant crevicular fluid. The marginal bone level (MBL) and changes (MBC) were evaluated. The Chi2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, mixed-effects regression analysis, and the Kendall rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis (α = 5%). Results. G1 presented the highest PD at all evaluated periods. G2 presented higher PI at month 6 and 12. G4 showed increased GI at month 3 and 12 and more CP at month 1 (p=.003). G2 and G4 had higher ISQ values over the study period, while those from G1 and G3 presented lower ISQ values. The IL-1β concentration increased until month 12 and was independent of IT and bone type; G4 had a higher IL-1β concentration in month 3 than the other groups (p=.015). The TNF-α release was negatively correlated with IT, and TNF-α release was highest in G1 at month 12. The MBL immediately after surgery and the MBC at month 12 were similar between the groups, and G4 presented a positive MBC at month 12. The survival and success rates were 75% for G1, 81.3% for G2, 64.3% for G3, and 95% for G4. Conclusion. The IT did not influence the clinical outcomes and the peri-implant immunoinflammatory responses and was weakly correlated with the narrow dental implants primary stability. The observed success rates suggest that the ideal IT for atrophic fully edentulous patients may deviate from the standardized IT of 32 Ncm.

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