scholarly journals Analysis of the Particulate Matter Pollution in the Urban Areas of Croatia, EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Martina Habulan ◽  
Bojan Đurin ◽  
Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽  
Nikola Sakač
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

Particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of chemical compounds and water particles found in the air. The size of suspended particles is directly related to the negative impact on human health and the environment. In this paper, we present an analysis of the PM pollution in urban areas of Croatia. Data on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured with nine instruments at seven stationary measuring units located in three continental cities, namely Zagreb (the capital), Slavonski Brod, and Osijek, and two cities on the Adriatic coast, namely Rijeka and Dubrovnik. We analyzed an hourly course of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and average seasonal PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from 2017 to 2019. At most measuring stations, maximum concentrations were recorded during autumn and winter, which can be explained by the intensive use of fossil fuels and traffic. Increases in PM concentrations during the summer months at measuring stations in Rijeka and Dubrovnik may be associated with the intensive arrival of tourists by air during the tourist season, and lower PM concentrations during the winter periods may be caused by a milder climate consequently resulting in lower consumption of fossil fuels and use of electric energy for heating.

scholarly journals Spatial Correlation of Particulate Matter Pollution and Death Rate of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Yao ◽  
Jinhua Pan ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
Zhixi Liu ◽  
Haidong Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Spatial Associations ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Method ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

AbstractThe Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic, which was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has caused 3,314 death as of March 31, 2020 in China. This study aimed to investigate the spatial associations of daily particulate matter (PM) concentrations with death rate of COVID-19 in China. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to examine the spatial associations of daily PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations with death rate of COVID-19 in China through multiple linear regression method. We found that COVID-19 held higher death rates with increasing concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 levels in the spatial scale, which may affect the process of patients developed from mild to severe and finally influence the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.

Environmental Concerns and the Importance of Desulfurization

2020 ◽  
pp. 284-294
Author(s):  
Tawfik A. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
The People ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Atmospheric Sulfur ◽  
General Wellbeing

The increased utilization of fossil fuels and subsequent industrialization in most of the world has led to a remarkable increase in the atmospheric sulfur compounds concentrations. Pollution released by the use of petroleum-based fuels contributes immensely to the deterioration of air quality despite regulatory and technological advances in place. SOx, NOx, and particulate matter are constantly emitted to the environment which affects public health, ecosystem, and general wellbeing of the people living mostly in urban areas. Sulfur dioxide, which is the immediate sulfur compound found in the lower atmosphere after combustion of fuels, has a major role to play in the formation of acid rain, smog formation, and particulate aerosols. Each of these formations affects the healthy living of animals, plants, soils, water, and the general ecosystem. This chapter discusses the environmental issues of sulfur.

scholarly journals Towards a Better Protection of Children's Respiratory Health against Particulate Matter Pollution in Urban Areas – ROkidAIR Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dunea ◽  
Stefania Iordache ◽  
Alin Pohoata ◽  
Trond Bohler ◽  
Tom Savu
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

scholarly journals The Effect of Emission Inventory on Modelling of Seasonal Exposure Metrics of Particulate Matter and Ozone with the WRF-Chem Model for Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5414
Author(s):  
Maciej Kryza ◽  
Małgorzata Werner ◽  
Justyna Dudek ◽  
Anthony James Dore
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Exposure Metrics

In Poland, high concentrations of particulate matter (with a diameter smaller than 2.5 or 10 μm) exceeding the WHO threshold values are often measured in winter, while ozone (O3) concentrations are high in spring. In winter high PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are linked to high residential combustion and road transport. The main objective of this study was to assess performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model in reproducing observations for a period of 2017-2018 covering various meteorological conditions. We compare modelled and observed exposure metrics for PM2.5, PM10 and O3 for two sets of the WRF-Chem model runs: with coarse and fine resolution emission inventory (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (CIEP), respectively). CIEP run reduces the negative bias of PM2.5 and PM10 and improves the model performance for number of days with exceedance of WHO (World Health Organization) threshold for PM2.5 and PM10 24-h mean concentration. High resolution emission inventory for primary aerosols helps to better distinguish polluted urban areas from non-urban ones. There are no large differences for the model performance for O3 and secondary inorganic aerosols, and high-resolution emission inventory does not improve the results in terms of 8-h rolling mean concentrations of ozone.

scholarly journals Monitoring Rainwater Properties and Outdoor Particulate Matter in a Former Steel Manufacturing City in Romania

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Daniel Dunea ◽  
Virgil Iordache ◽  
Loredana Neagu Frasin ◽  
Aurora Neagoe ◽  
Laurentiu Predescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Piedmont Plain ◽  
Rainwater Composition

Wet deposition is influencing air quality because air pollutants are washed away from the surrounding air. Consequently, particulate matter and associated compounds are transported in the rainwater and enter into soil, surface waters, and groundwater. Nonpoint sources of heavy metals from stormwater runoff have increased in urban areas due to industrialization and the increasing impervious surfaces. In this work, we present an assessment of the rainwater composition regarding the nutrients and other physicochemical characteristics measured in three locations selected in Targoviste city, Romania, a city that had a specialized steel factory and important metallurgical facilities. The rainwater was collected using three PALMEX rain samplers and then was transferred to high-density polyethylene bottles and analyzed using ICP-MS. PM2.5 concentrations were also monitored continuously using optical monitors calibrated using a gravimetric sampler. A detailed analysis of the heavy metals content in rainwater and PM was presented for the pollution episodes occurring in October and November 2019. Backward trajectories were computed using the HYSPLIT model for these periods. The results showed that the PM2.5 ranged from 11.1 to 24.1 μg/m3 in 2019, while the heavy metals in collected rainwater were (µg L−1): 0.25 (Cd) − CV = 26.5%, 0.10 (Co) − CV = 58.1%, 1.77 (Cr) − CV = 24.3%, 377.37 (Ni) − CV = 27.9%, 0.67 (Pb) − CV = 74.3%, and 846.5 (Zn) − CV = 20.6%. Overall, Ni, Pb, Cr, and V had significant correlations between the concentrations from rainwater and PM. Negative associations were found between precipitation events and heavy metals both from rainwater and PM, but only a few showed statistical significance. However, this could explain the “washing” effect of the rain on the heavy metals from PM2.5. The potential sources of nitrogen in the rainwater collected in Targoviste could be from burning fossil fuels and the soils, including both biological processes and fertilization resulting from the intensive agriculture in the piedmont plain in which the city is located. Based on the results, rainwater monitoring can constitute a reliable method for air quality characterization. Additional research is required to better understand seasonality and sources of heterogeneity regarding the associations between PM and rainwater composition.

scholarly journals Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentration Variability and Origin in Selected Urban Areas in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sówka ◽  
Chlebowska-Styś ◽  
Pachurka ◽  
Rogula-Kozłowska ◽  
Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Combustion Processes

The work presents the results of research and analyses related to measurements of concentration and chemical composition of three size fractions of particulate matter (PM), PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0. The studies were conducted in the years 2014–2016 during both the heating and non-heating season in two Polish cities: Wrocław and Poznań. The studies indicate that in Wrocław and Poznań, the highest annual concentrations of particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10) were observed in 2016, and the mean concentrations were respectively equal to 18.16 μg/m3, 30.88 μg/m3 and 41.08 μg/m3 (Wrocław) and 8.5 μg/m3, 30.8 μg/m3 and 32.9 μg/m3 (Poznań). Conducted analyses of the chemical composition of the particulate matter also indicated higher concentrations of organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and water-soluble ions in a measurement series which took place in the heating season were studied. Analyses with the use of principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a dominating percentage of fuel combustion processes as sources of particulate matter emission in the areas considered in this research. Acquired results from these analyses may indicate the influence of secondary aerosols on air quality. In the summer season, a significant role could be also played by an influx of pollutants—mineral dust—originating from outside the analyzed areas or from the resuspension of mineral and soil dust.

scholarly journals INVESTING SOLAR ENERGY FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC ENERGY IN THE SOUTHERN BADIA OF IRAQ (RAMADI, HADITHA, ANAH, AL-QAIM, AL-RUTBA, AL-NUKHAYEB, NAJAF, ALSHABAJAH, AL-MA'ANIYA, AL-SAMAWAH, AS-SALMAN,AL-BUSAYYAH, AS -SAFAWI, BASRA, AND AL-ZUBAIR(

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Frias Fadhil MAHDI ◽  
Ismeal Abbass HURAT
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Polluting Emissions

The electric power sector is considered as the most important active economic sector in public life aspects including industrial, agricultural, service and recreational ones. It is known that traditional energy (fossil fuels) causes climate problems. Such problems have negative impact on the atmosphere, due to the increase in air pollution and the emergence of global sources such as solar energy as it is clean and renewable energy. As the southern Badia of Iraq has a high solar energy, it is possible to invest it in the production of electric energy and then employing it in the developmental fields in those cities (mentioned above) and even remote ones. Thus, this will lead to reducing the quantities of fossil energy consumption as well as reducing its polluting emissions to the atmosphere and its negative effects on nature, man in particular. The main objective of this study is to discover the potentials of the study area of solar radiation energy evaluating and choosing the optimal sites for the construction of the aforementioned power stations. In processing its data, the study used statistical methods to calculate the amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the study cities in the southern Badia of Iraq according to the following equation: Solar Energy = the amount of solar energy (Kilo Watt/ M2/ day) = the total solar radiation (calorie/C2/day) *constant, where the constant equals (0.0116) The study reached the most important results: Some of the study stations recorded the best optimal sites for constructing solar power stations. These are the stations of As Safawi, Busayyah, As-Salman, Al-Ma'aniya, Al-Shabajah, Al-Samawah, Najaf, Al-Nukhayb, and Al-Rutba. On the other hand, the Basra and Zubair stations recorded the lowest values for solar energy; therefore they are not ideal sites compared to other stati.

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