scholarly journals D-PARK: User-Centric Smart Parking System over BLE-Beacon Based Internet of Things

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Soochang Park
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Parking Spot ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Parking Space Detection ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Smart Mobile

Our daily life services are quickly becoming smarter with intelligence and information through artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data technologies. Parking services are one of the most frequently used in our daily life-cycle. This parking application could be classified into several features according to demands and properties, such as parking capacity balancing on a city-level view, parking fee maximization for achieving the service provider demand, empty parking spot notification within a parking lot, etc. This paper concentrates on parking space detection and alert to users. Most smart services rely on smart mobile derives of users such as smartphones and smartwatches. The proposed novel mechanism for smart parking is based on a smart device to gather mobile sensing data such as users’ activity and position data. Acquired mobile data are analyzed via machine learning technologies to provide dedicated parking services per user. Based on real testbed setups on campus and the proof-of-concept implementation, the proposed localization can achieve accuracy of a parking spot scale (2m-second guess 95%); moreover, it shows a much lower service operation period of 6.8 times (34s) than the legacy approach (230s).

scholarly journals Smart Parking with Fair Selection and Imposing Higher Privacy Constraints in Parking Owner and Driver Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vivekanadam B
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bloom Filters ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Group Signatures ◽  
Parking Spot ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Privacy Constraints

The use of private cars has enhanced the comfort of travel of individuals, but has proven to be a challenge for parking in congested downtown areas and metropolitans. This hike in the vehicle count has led to difficulty among the drivers to find a parking spot, exploiting resources and time. On the other hand, there are many idle private parking spots that remain inaccessible because of multiple reasons like unavailable owners, different open timings and so on. In order to prevent parking issues as well as to enable the use of private parking spots, smart parking applications that are easy to use by the drivers will prove to be highly effective. However, most parking lot owners and drivers face the threat of privacy which affects their willingness to participate while many others are located in a centralized location where the presence of malicious users is in plenty. In this proposed work, we have introduced a smart-parking system that is based on blockchain exhibiting qualities of privacy protection, reliability and fairness. To protect the privacy of users, vector-based encryption, bloom filters and group signatures are also insisted. This has helped us establish a more reliable smart parking system coupled with fair operation for smart contact. Experimental analysis of the real-world dataset indicates that the proposed work operates with high efficiency, establishing privacy protection, reliability and fairness.

scholarly journals Background Subtraction Method based Smart Parking System using Image Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1839-1844
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Parking Spot ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Now a day's population is increasing day by day. Due to increase in population usage of vehicles and the traffic at parking lot also increases. For this reason getting a parking spot is very difficult and time consuming for the car drivers. So to reduce this difficulty we are proposing a system called "Baground subtraction method based smart parking system using image processing". This paper is mainly concerned to develop smart parking system on a credit card sized computer and camera is fitted at a parking lot to show availability of a parking place. The image processing can be performed on a Raspberry pi interface with Things view cloud platform through an API to detect cars. Rasperry Pi posts data to the Things view cloud, Showing that the internet of things(IOT) based parking system. Availability of parking slot can be viewed in drivers mobile and they can book the parking slot from their mobile by using an app.

scholarly journals Preprocessed Mask RCNN for Parking Space Detection in Smart Parking Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 255-265
Author(s):  
Ahmad Naufal ◽  
◽  
Chastine Fatichah ◽  
Nanik Suciati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Input Image ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Exposure Fusion ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Parking Space Detection ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Fusion Framework

This research developed a smart parking system through video data analysis using deep learning techniques that automatically determine the availability of vacant parking spaces. This system has two main stages. The first is the stage of marking the parking position on the image of a parking lot captured by the camera. This research proposes a Preprocessed Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) to mark the parking position on the input image of a full parking lot. The preprocess that combining contrast enhancement using the Exposure Fusion framework, aims to overcome the problem of lighting variations in images taken in an open area. In the second stage, each parking position is examined whether the position is vacant or not using mAlexNet. A series of trials on images with varying light conditions indicate that the Preprocessed Mask R-CNN can improve marking the parking positions with an accuracy of Intersection over Union (IoU) reach 85.80%. The result of marking the parking position is then used in the trial of the availability of parking space on video data using mAlexNet, and achieving an accuracy of 73.73%.

scholarly journals A Smart Parking System Based on Mini PC Platform and Mobile Application for Parking Space Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sobeslav ◽  
Josef Horalek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
City Center ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Parking Space Detection ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Pilot Implementation ◽  
The City

Car parking is a major problem in urban areas in developed and also in developing countries. The growing number of vehicles creates a problem with parking spaces mainly in the city center and the surrounding streets. The local authorities have to react with regulations, and the current situation is unpleasant for many citizens. Therefore, the aim of this article is to propose a complex outdoor smart parking lot system based on the mini PC platform with the pilot implementation, which would provide a solution for the aforementioned problem. Current outdoor car park management is dependent on human personnel keeping track of the available parking lots or a sensor-based system that monitors the availability of each car. The proposed solution utilizes a modern IoT approach and technologies such as mini PC platform, sensors, and IQRF. When compared to a specialized and expensive system, it is a solution that is cost-effective and has the potential in its expansion and integration with other IoT services.

How Much Can a Smart Parking System Save You?

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Surpris ◽  
Dahai Liu ◽  
Dennis Vincenzi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Parking Spot ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking

We conducted this study to investigate the effect of smart parking systems on parking search times in large parking lots. Smart parking systems are systems that provide real-time parking spot availability information to drivers. We used discrete event simulation to model a university parking lot and estimate how much time could be saved without physically implementing a system for experimentation. We found that smart parking systems can reduce search times by an average of 11 s. This shows potential for a multi-lot smart parking system that might save a larger amount of time and reduce harmful vehicle emissions.

scholarly journals Smart Parking System using MQTT Communication Protocol and IBM Cloud

2021 ◽  
Vol 2115 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
C Ashhwath ◽  
V Rohitram ◽  
G Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking

Abstract In today’s world, the vast majority of people in large cities rely on automobiles. As a result, automobile parking has become an important part of our daily life. As a result, with such a vast population and a fast-paced world, vehicle parking has become a major concern. Such issues cause stress and strain, which might result in accidents. To help them out in such situations, a “smart” approach for running multilevel parking systems efficiently. To automate the parking procedure by monitoring metrics such as distance and available parking spaces, NodeMCU and IBM Cloud are used. The distance is measured, and the information is sent to Node-RED over the MQTT protocol. The Node-RED dashboard allows the user to view availability from any location. If the distance is too great, the space is unoccupied. If the parking area is fully occupied, the owner or person in control of the parking lot is also notified. This is accomplished by combining IFTTT and Node-RED. Watson is a virtual assistant that helps consumers with a variety of questions.

scholarly journals Deterministic and Empirical Approach for Millimeter-Wave Complex Outdoor Smart Parking Solution Deployments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4112
Author(s):  
Fidel Alejandro Rodríguez-Corbo ◽  
Leyre Azpilicueta ◽  
Mikel Celaya-Echarri ◽  
Peio Lopez-Iturri ◽  
Ana V. Alejos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

The characterization of different vegetation/vehicle densities and their corresponding effects on large-scale channel parameters such as path loss can provide important information during the deployment of wireless communications systems under outdoor conditions. In this work, a deterministic analysis based on ray-launching (RL) simulation and empirical measurements for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications for outdoor parking environments and smart parking solutions is presented. The study was carried out at a frequency of 28 GHz using directional antennas, with the transmitter raised above ground level under realistic use case conditions. Different radio channel impairments were weighed in, considering the progressive effect of first, the density of an incremental obstructed barrier of trees, and the effect of different parked vehicle densities within the parking lot. On the basis of these scenarios, large-scale parameters and temporal dispersion characteristics were obtained, and the effect of vegetation/vehicle density changes was assessed. The characterization of propagation impairments that different vegetation/vehicle densities can impose onto the wireless radio channel in the millimeter frequency range was performed. Finally, the results obtained in this research can aid communication deployment in outdoor parking conditions.

scholarly journals Smart Parking Guidance System on IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2793-2798 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Haar Cascade

Nowadays, smart parking guidance system is a crucial research for people’s convenience where the integrating concept of IoT that include hardware and software with the connection of internet for image or video processing technology is a powerful application which made up a complete smart parking system. The main objective of this research is to develop and analyze on a smart parking guidance system where current available system was compared to this new proposed system. Limited parking space has become serious issue since the number of Malaysia’s populations are using car keep increasing. Some of the big companies, shopping malls and other public facilities already deployed a smart parking system on their building. However, there are still a lot of buildings that do not own it because the system required a lot of investment, where the huge parking areas need higher cost to install sensors on each parking lot available and cameras are costly and lower in reliability. The proposed smart parking guidance system in this research was depending on a 360° camera that was modified on Raspberry Pi camera module and 360o lens that process with De-Warping techniques for the normal view rather than 360-degree view and Haar-Cascade classifier. The image and video processing was done by Open CV and python program to detect the available parking space and cloud firebase was used to update data where users can access the parking space availability by android mobile phone specifically at a closed parking space. A single 360°camera was replaced several sensors and cameras which were implemented on traditional parking guidance system. In the end of the paper, it is proved that prototype based smart parking is the convenient way to find the parking space availability.

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