scholarly journals An Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Compact Wearable Antenna for Smart Watch IoT Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 2908
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamer Shahzad ◽  
Kashif Nisar Paracha ◽  
Salman Naseer ◽  
Sarosh Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Proximity Effects ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Smart Watch

Smart watch antenna design is challenging due to the limited available area and the contact with the human body. The strap of smart watch can be utilized effectively for integration of the antenna. In this study, an antenna integrated on a smart watch strap model using computer simulation technology (CST) was designed. The antenna was designed for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. Roger 3003C was used as substrate due to its semi-flexible nature. The antenna size is 28.81 × 19.22 × 1.58 mm3 and it has a gain of 1.03 and 5.97 dB, and efficiency of 80% and 95%, at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, on the smart watch strap, respectively. A unit cell was designed having a dimension of 19.19 × 19.19 × 1.58 mm3 to mitigate the effect of back radiation and to enhance the gain. The antenna backed by the unit cell exhibited a gain of 2.44 and 6.17 dB with efficiency of 50% and 72% at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The AMC-backed antenna was integrated into a smart watch strap and placed on a human tissue model to study its human proximity effects. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values were calculated to be 0.19 and 1.18 W/kg at the designed ISM frequencies, and are well below the permissible limit set by the FCC and ICINPR. Because the antenna uses flexible material for wearable applications, bending analysis was also undertaken. The indicated results prove that bending along the x- and y-axes has a negligible effect on the antenna’s performance and the antenna showed excellent performance in the human proximity test. The measured results of the fabricated antenna were comparable with the simulated results. Thus, the designed antenna is compact, has high gain, and can be used effectively for wireless IoT applications.

A Dual-Band Flexible Wearable Antenna Integrated on a Smart Watch for 5G Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ismail Ahmed ◽  
Mai Fouad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Absorption Ratio ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Smart Watch

This chapter focuses on the design of dual band flexible wearable antennas for modern 5G applications to integrate on a smartwatch. The first is a rectangular antenna which the patch and the ground etched on new flexible material is called ULTRALAM® 3850HT. This antenna is designed to operate at 38 GHz and 60 GHz. The second is a planar inverted-2F wearable antenna pasted on a jeans textile material. Two methods for measuring the dielectric properties of the jeans will be presented. This antenna is designed to operate at 28 GHz and 38 GHz. The SAR (specific absorption ratio) is also introduced and SAR results will be shown. Moreover, the proposed smartwatch under the bent condition will be also studied. These antennas are simulated using HFSS and CST 2018.

scholarly journals Dual Band Wearable Antenna for IOT Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1515-1518
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Bandwidth Enhancement ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Wearable Antenna

A dual band wearable antenna operating on 2.6 GHz (2570-2620 MHz FDD/TDD) and 5.2 GHz (802.11a) bands for Body Area Network (BAN) application is presented. The stack substrates of Felt and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam are used to make the structure flexible. Maximum gain of 2.75 and front to back ratio of 8.35 is achieved on industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band. Additional bandwidth enhancement has been achieved by creating slots on partial ground plane. The calculated specific absorption rate (SAR) value is 1.33 W/kg for 1 g of body tissue. Simulated and measured results are presented for the proposed structure.

scholarly journals Wideband and High-Gain Wearable Antenna Array with Specific Absorption Rate Suppression

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2056
Author(s):  
Haoran Zu ◽  
Bian Wu ◽  
Peibin Yang ◽  
Wenhua Li ◽  
Jinjin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Rate Suppression ◽  
Radiation Direction ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, a wideband and high-gain antenna array with specific absorption rate suppression is presented. By adopting the wideband monopole antenna array and the uniplanar compact electromagnetic band gap (UC-EBG) structure, the proposed wearable antenna array can realize a high gain of 11.8–13.6 dBi within the operating band of 4.5–6.5 GHz. The sidelobe level of the proposed wearable antenna array is less than −12 dB, and the cross polarization in the main radiation direction is less than −35 dB. Benefiting from the UC-EBG design, the specific absorption rate is suppressed effectively, guaranteeing the safety of the proposed antenna array to the human body. The proposed antenna array is processed and tested, and the measurement results show good agreement with the simulation results.

scholarly journals A Low-Profile HF Meandered Dipole Antenna with a Ferrite-Loaded Artificial Magnetic Conductor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Oh Heon Kwon ◽  
Won Bin Park ◽  
Juho Yun ◽  
Hong Jun Lim ◽  
Keum Cheol Hwang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Artificial Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Binary Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, a low-profile HF (high-frequency) meandered dipole antenna with a ferrite-loaded artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. To operate in the HF band while retaining a compact size, ferrite with high permeability is applied to the unit cell of the AMC. The operating frequency bandwidth of the designed unit cell of the AMC is 1.89:1 (19–36 MHz). Thereafter, a meandered dipole antenna is designed by implementing a binary genetic algorithm and is combined with the AMC. The overall size of the designed antenna is 0.06×0.06×0.002 λ3 at the lowest operating frequency. The proposed dipole antenna with a ferrite-loaded AMC is fabricated and measured. The measured VSWR bandwidth (<3) covers 20–30 MHz on the HF band. To confirm the performance of the antenna, a reference monopole antenna which operates on the HF band was selected, and the measured receiving power is compared with the result of the proposed antenna with the AMC.

Dual-band all textile antenna with AMC for heartbeat monitor and pacemaker control applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Farah R. Kareem ◽  
Mohamed El Atrash ◽  
Ahmed A. Ibrahim ◽  
Mahmoud A. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Textile Antenna ◽  
Wearable Medical

Abstract All textile integrated dual-band monopole antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. The proposed design operates at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz for wearable medical applications to monitor the heartbeat. A flexible and low-profile E- shaped CPW dual-band textile antenna is integrated with a 4 × 4 dual-band textile AMC reflector to enhance the gain and specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR is reduced by nearly 95% at both 1 and 10 g. The design was measured on the body with a 2 mm separation. The simulated and measured results appear in high agreement in the case of with and without AMC array integration. The measurement was performed in the indoor environment and in an anechoic chamber to validate the design based on reflection coefficient and radiation pattern measurements.

scholarly journals A Low-Profile High-Gain and Wideband Log-Periodic Meandered Dipole Array Antenna with a Cascaded Multi-Section Artificial Magnetic Conductor Structure

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Trinh-Van ◽  
Oh Heon Kwon ◽  
Euntae Jung ◽  
Jinwoo Park ◽  
Byunggil Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Gain ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Artificial Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Meander Line

This paper presents a low-profile log-periodic meandered dipole array (LPMDA) antenna with wideband and high gain characteristics. The antenna consists of 14 dipole elements. For compactness, a meander line structure is applied to each dipole element to reduce its physical length. As a result, a compact and wideband LPMDA antenna is realized, exhibiting a wide impedance bandwidth of 1.04–5.22 GHz (ratio bandwidth of 5.02:1) for | S 11| < −10 dB. To enhance the antenna gain performance while maintaining the wideband behavior, the LPMDA antenna is integrated with a new design of an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure. The designed AMC is realized by combining three AMC structures of different sizes to form a cascaded multi-section AMC structure, of which its overall operating bandwidth can continuously cover the entire impedance bandwidth of the LPMDA antenna. The proposed AMC-backed LPMDA antenna is experimentally verified and its measured −10 dB reflection bandwidth is found to be in the range of 0.84–5.15 GHz (6.13:1). At the main beam direction within the operating frequency bandwidth, the gain of the proposed AMC-backed LPMDA antenna ranges from 7.15–11.43 dBi, which is approximately 4 dBi higher than that of an LPMDA antenna without an AMC. Moreover, the proposed antenna has a low profile of only 0.138 λ L. ( λ L is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency).

SIW Based Body Wearable Antenna For IoT Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumen Banerjee ◽  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Srijan Dey ◽  
Sangram Chattopadhyay ◽  
Susovan Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iot Applications ◽  
Wearable Antenna
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