Analysis of an Attached Sunspace with a Thermal Inertia Floor

An attached sunspace is a partially or fully glazed enclosure, usually located on the first floor, facing south (in the Northern Hemisphere) and adjacent to a conditioned room. Because of the length and orientation of the glazed area, the temperature in the sunspace is usually higher than outside the building. As a Trombe–Mitchel wall, the sunspace has a considerable mass that accumulates thermal energy, but in this case the thermal mass is located in the floor. This capacity to accumulate thermal energy confers the attached sunspace features beyond passive insulation. The sunspace studied in this paper is part of an experimental building located in the North of Spain that was built in the frame of the so-called ARFRISOL project. It consists of a south-facing glazed exterior wall with both clear glass and semi-transparent photovoltaic panels, an intermediate space with a thick layer of sand over a concrete floor, and a partially glazed interior wall. In this paper, a three-dimensional computational model has been implemented to analyse the thermal behaviour inside the sunspace. This analysis takes into account, among other factors, the effects of sun position, incident solar irradiation and temperature both inside and outside.

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Evaluation of two ozone air quality modelling systems

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-4-1855-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1855-1885 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Ortega ◽

M. R. Soler ◽

J. Beneito ◽

D. Pino

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Mesoscale Model ◽

Nonlocal Boundary ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Base Stations ◽

Model Parameters ◽

The North ◽

Forecasting System ◽

North Of Spain ◽

Ozone Episode

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare two models of ozone air quality used in the north of Spain near the metropolitan area of Barcelona. As the focus of the paper is the comparison of the two systems, we do not attempt to improve the agreement by adjusting the emission inventory or model parameters. The first model, or forecasting system, is made up of three modules. The first module is a mesoscale model (MASS). This provides the initial condition for the second module, which is a nonlocal boundary layer model based on the transilient turbulence scheme. The third module is a photochemical box model (OZIPR), which is applied in Eulerian and Lagrangian modes and receives suitable information from the two previous modules. The model forecast is evaluated against ground base stations during summer 2001. The second model is the MM5/UAM-V. This is a grid model designed to predict the hourly three-dimensional ozone concentration fields. The model is applied during an ozone episode that occurred between 21 and 23 June 2001. Our results reflect the good performance of the two modelling systems when they are used in a specific episode.

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Estimation of Heat Loss Coefficient and Thermal Demands of In-Use Building by Capturing Thermal Inertia Using LSTM Neural Networks

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14165188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 5188

Author(s):

Martín Pensado-Mariño ◽

Lara Febrero-Garrido ◽

Estibaliz Pérez-Iribarren ◽

Pablo Eguía Oller ◽

Enrique Granada-Álvarez

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Heat Loss ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Basque Country ◽

Thermal Inertia ◽

Loss Coefficient ◽

Time Lags ◽

The North ◽

The University ◽

North Of Spain

Accurate forecasting of a building thermal performance can help to optimize its energy consumption. In addition, obtaining the Heat Loss Coefficient (HLC) allows characterizing the thermal envelope of the building under conditions of use. The aim of this work is to study the thermal inertia of a building developing a new methodology based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks. This approach was applied to the Rectorate building of the University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), located in the north of Spain. A comparison of different time-lags selected to catch the thermal inertia has been carried out using the CV(RMSE) and the MBE errors, as advised by ASHRAE. The main contribution of this work lies in the analysis of thermal inertia detection and its influence on the thermal behavior of the building, obtaining a model capable of predicting the thermal demand with an error between 12 and 21%. Moreover, the viability of LSTM neural networks to estimate the HLC of an in-use building with an error below 4% was demonstrated.

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Evaluation of two ozone air quality modelling systems

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-4-1389-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1389-1398 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Ortega ◽

M. R. Soler ◽

J. Beneito ◽

D. Pino

Keyword(s):

Ozone Concentration ◽

Mesoscale Model ◽

Nonlocal Boundary ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Base Stations ◽

Model Parameters ◽

The North ◽

Forecasting System ◽

Typical Summer ◽

North Of Spain

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to compare two different modelling systems and to evaluate their ability to simulate high values of ozone concentration in typical summer episodes which take place in the north of Spain near the metropolitan area of Barcelona. As the focus of the paper is the comparison of the two systems, we do not attempt to improve the agreement by adjusting the emission inventory or model parameters. The first model, or forecasting system, is made up of three modules. The first module is a mesoscale model (MASS). This provides the initial condition for the second module, which is a nonlocal boundary layer model based on the transilient turbulence scheme. The third module is a photochemical box model (OZIPR), which is applied in Eulerian and Lagrangian modes and receives suitable information from the two previous modules. The model forecast is evaluated against ground base stations during summer 2001. The second model is the MM5/UAM-V. This is a grid model designed to predict the hourly three-dimensional ozone concentration fields. The model is applied during an ozone episode that occurred between 21 and 23 June 2001. Our results reflect the good performance of the two modelling systems when they are used in a specific episode.

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Dynamical significance of the Tanlu Fault Zone in the destruction of the North China Craton: The evidence provided by the three-dimensional Magnetotelluric array study

Tectonophysics ◽

10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228910 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 228910

Author(s):

Gaofeng Ye ◽

Cheng Liu ◽

Xu Luo ◽

Sheng Jin ◽

Wenbo Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fault Zone ◽

North China Craton ◽

North China ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The North ◽

Tanlu Fault Zone ◽

Tanlu Fault

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Good Character at College: The Combined Role of Second-Order Character Strength Factors and Phronesis Motivation in Undergraduate Academic Outcomes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8263

Author(s):

Jorge L. Villacís ◽

Jesús de la Fuente ◽

Concepción Naval

Keyword(s):

Academic Outcomes ◽

Academic Engagement ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Self Control ◽

Self Report ◽

Character Strength ◽

The North ◽

And Performance ◽

Relevance Measure ◽

North Of Spain

A renewed interest in the study of character and virtue has recently emerged in the fields of Education and Psychology. The latest research has confirmed the association between virtuous consistent behaviours and academic positive outcomes. However, the motivational dimension of character (the intentions underlying the patterns of observed behaviours) has received little attention. This research aims to extend the knowledge on this topic by examining the predictive relationships between the behavioural and motivational dimensions of character, with reference to academic engagement, career self-doubt and performance of Spanish university students. A total of 183 undergraduates aged 18–30 (142 of whom were women) from the north of Spain completed specific parts of self-report questionnaires, including the Values in Action VIA-72, a Spanish translated and validated version of the Moral Self-Relevance Measure MSR, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Student Scale UWES-S9. The collected data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The behavioural dimension of character (character strength factors of caring, self-control and inquisitiveness) showed positive associations with academic engagement and performance. The motivational dimension of character (phronesis motivation), was negatively related to career self-doubt. For the first time, the present study has provided support for the contribution of both dimensions of character to undergraduate academic outcomes.

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Three-dimensional deformation time series of glacier motion from multiple-aperture DInSAR observation

Journal of Geodesy ◽

10.1007/s00190-019-01325-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 (12) ◽

pp. 2651-2660 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sergey Samsonov

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Surface Deformation ◽

Ground Deformation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Data Sets ◽

Ice Flow ◽

The North ◽

Glacier Ice ◽

Deformation Component ◽

3D Deformation

AbstractThe previously presented Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset (MSBAS-2D) technique computes two-dimensional (2D), east and vertical, ground deformation time series from two or more ascending and descending Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) data sets by assuming that the contribution of the north deformation component is negligible. DInSAR data sets can be acquired with different temporal and spatial resolutions, viewing geometries and wavelengths. The MSBAS-2D technique has previously been used for mapping deformation due to mining, urban development, carbon sequestration, permafrost aggradation and pingo growth, and volcanic activities. In the case of glacier ice flow, the north deformation component is often too large to be negligible. Historically, the surface-parallel flow (SPF) constraint was used to compute the static three-dimensional (3D) velocity field at various glaciers. A novel MSBAS-3D technique has been developed for computing 3D deformation time series where the SPF constraint is utilized. This technique is used for mapping 3D deformation at the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, during January–March 2015, and the MSBAS-2D and MSBAS-3D solutions are compared. The MSBAS-3D technique can be used for studying glacier ice flow at other glaciers and other surface deformation processes with large north deformation component, such as landslides. The software implementation of MSBAS-3D technique can be downloaded from http://insar.ca/.

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Three-dimensional temperature fields of the North Patagonian Sea recorded by Magellanic penguins as biological sampling platforms

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science ◽

10.1016/j.ecss.2017.03.021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 189 ◽

pp. 203-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juan E. Sala ◽

Juan P. Pisoni ◽

Flavio Quintana

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Temperature Fields ◽

Magellanic Penguins ◽

The North ◽

Biological Sampling

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Haemoglobin polymorphisms affect the oxygen-binding properties in Atlantic cod populations

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2008.1529 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 276 (1658) ◽

pp. 833-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Øivind Andersen ◽

Ola Frang Wetten ◽

Maria Cristina De Rosa ◽

Carl Andre ◽

Cristiana Carelli Alinovi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Quaternary Structure ◽

Atlantic Cod ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Oxygen Affinity ◽

Oxygen Binding ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Binding Properties ◽

Important Species ◽

The North

A major challenge in evolutionary biology is to identify the genes underlying adaptation. The oxygen-transporting haemoglobins directly link external conditions with metabolic needs and therefore represent a unique system for studying environmental effects on molecular evolution. We have discovered two haemoglobin polymorphisms in Atlantic cod populations inhabiting varying temperature and oxygen regimes in the North Atlantic. Three-dimensional modelling of the tetrameric haemoglobin structure demonstrated that the two amino acid replacements Met55β 1 Val and Lys62β 1 Ala are located at crucial positions of the α 1 β 1 subunit interface and haem pocket, respectively. The replacements are proposed to affect the oxygen-binding properties by modifying the haemoglobin quaternary structure and electrostatic feature. Intriguingly, the same molecular mechanism for facilitating oxygen binding is found in avian species adapted to high altitudes, illustrating convergent evolution in water- and air-breathing vertebrates to reduction in environmental oxygen availability. Cod populations inhabiting the cold Arctic waters and the low-oxygen Baltic Sea seem well adapted to these conditions by possessing the high oxygen affinity Val55–Ala62 haplotype, while the temperature-insensitive Met55–Lys62 haplotype predominates in the southern populations. The distinct distributions of the functionally different haemoglobin variants indicate that the present biogeography of this ecologically and economically important species might be seriously affected by global warming.

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Dynamical and Physical Processes Leading to Tropical Cyclone Intensification under Upper-Level Trough Forcing

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-d-12-0293.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 2547-2565 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Marie-Dominique Leroux ◽

Matthieu Plu ◽

David Barbary ◽

Frank Roux ◽

Philippe Arbogast

Keyword(s):

Angular Momentum ◽

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Potential Vorticity ◽

Weather Prediction ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Vertical Wind Shear ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Limited Area ◽

Southwest Indian Ocean ◽

Upper Level

Abstract The rapid intensification of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Dora (2007, southwest Indian Ocean) under upper-level trough forcing is investigated. TC–trough interaction is simulated using a limited-area operational numerical weather prediction model. The interaction between the storm and the trough involves a coupled evolution of vertical wind shear and binary vortex interaction in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. The three-dimensional potential vorticity structure associated with the trough undergoes strong deformation as it approaches the storm. Potential vorticity (PV) is advected toward the tropical cyclone core over a thick layer from 200 to 500 hPa while the TC upper-level flow turns cyclonic from the continuous import of angular momentum. It is found that vortex intensification first occurs inside the eyewall and results from PV superposition in the thick aforementioned layer. The main pathway to further storm intensification is associated with secondary eyewall formation triggered by external forcing. Eddy angular momentum convergence and eddy PV fluxes are responsible for spinning up an outer eyewall over the entire troposphere, while spindown is observed within the primary eyewall. The 8-km-resolution model is able to reproduce the main features of the eyewall replacement cycle observed for TC Dora. The outer eyewall intensifies further through mean vertical advection under dynamically forced upward motion. The processes are illustrated and quantified using various diagnostics.

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