scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of European Union Countries

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-chi Hsieh ◽  
Ching-cheng Lu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Ya-sue Xu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Eu

This study utilizes the dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model by considering time to measure the energy environmental efficiency of 28 countries in the European Union (EU) during the period 2006–2013. There are three kinds of variables: input, output, and carry-over. The inputs are labor, capital, and energy consumption (EC). The undesirable outputs are greenhouse gas emissions (GHE) and sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions, and the desirable output variable is gross domestic product (GDP). The carry-over variable is gross capital formation (GCF). The empirical results show that first the dynamic DEA model can measure environment efficiency and provide optimum improvement for inefficient countries, as more than half of the EU countries should improve their environmental efficiency. Second, the average overall scores of the EU countries point out that the better period of performance is from 2009 to 2012. Third, the output variables of GHE, SOx, and GDP exhibit a significant impact on environmental efficiency. Finally, the average value of others is significantly better than high renewable energy utilization (HRE) with the Wilcoxon test. Thus, the EU’s strategy for environmental energy improvement should be to pay attention to the benefits of renewable energy (RE) utilization, reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHE), and enhancing the development of RE utilization to help achieve the goal of lower GHE.

scholarly journals THE SHARE OF AGRICULTURE IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES – VALUATION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad PRANDECKI ◽  
Edyta GAJOS
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
The Eu

Reducing greenhouse gases emissions is one of the major environmental challenges of the modern world. The European Union (EU) has set itself ambitious reduction targets. Proper monitoring of emissions and its valuation is necessary to achieve this goal. In addition, valuation (in monetary terms) will help to raise awareness of the climate change costs among society. The aim of this article is to present international comparisons within the EU covering the monitoring and valuation of aggregate emissions of selected greenhouse gases in general and in agriculture. The study uses Eurostat data for the years 2007-2015. The evaluation was based on the average annual price of carbon dioxide allowances under the European Union Emissions Trading System. Leipzig stock market data were used to determine the price. The study compares the total greenhouse gas emissions and its value in different EU countries. These results show that the largest emitters in the EU are Germany, United Kingdom, France. A comparison of per capita and per GDP emissions results in an almost reversal of this order. The share of agriculture in greenhouse gas emissions was 11% in 2015 and ranged between countries from 3% (Malta) do 32% (Ireland). The results show also that the decline in value is greater than the decrease in emissions. This is due to the dramatic change in the price of allowances. The decrease in quantity of agricultural emission was 0,5%, whilst the decrease in value was 55,5% between years 2008 and 2015.

scholarly journals Effect of Battery Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 29 European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13611
Author(s):  
José Alberto Fuinhas ◽  
Matheus Koengkan ◽  
Nuno Carlos Leitão ◽  
Chinazaekpere Nwani ◽  
Gizem Uzuner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
The Eu

This analysis explored the effect of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in a panel of twenty-nine countries from the European Union (EU) from 2010 to 2020. The method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) was used, and the ordinary least squares with fixed effects (OLSfe) was used to verify the robustness of the results. The MM-QR support that in all three quantiles, economic growth causes a positive impact on GHGs. In the 50th and 75th quantiles, energy consumption causes a positive effect on GHGs. BEVs in the 25th, 50th, and 75th quantiles have a negative impact on GHGs. The OLSfe reveals that economic growth has a negative effect on GHGs, which contradicts the results from MM-QR. Energy consumption positively impacts GHGs. BEVs negatively impacts GHGs. Although the EU has supported a more sustainable transport system, accelerating the adoption of BEVs still requires effective political planning to achieve net-zero emissions. Thus, BEVs are an important technology to reduce GHGs to achieve the EU targets of decarbonising the energy sector. This research topic can open policy discussion between industry, government, and researchers, towards ensuring that BEVs provide a climate change mitigation pathway in the EU region.

scholarly journals Green Transformations In The Healthcare System: The Covid-19 Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Yana Us ◽  
Tetyana Pimonenko ◽  
Tatjana Tambovceva ◽  
Jean-Pierre Segers
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the healthcare systems’ transformations towards sustainability, considering COVID-19 pandemic. The paper aims to forecast changes in the healthcare sector’s greenhouse gas emissions of the EU countries. For gaining that purpose, the authors carried out the study in the following logical sequence. Firstly, the bibliometric analysis was conducted based on 2313 publications indexed by Scopus database. The study sample consists of 1995 publications indexed by the keywords such as healthcare, green, carbon and sustainable; and 318 publications – green, carbon-free, covid, pandemic, coronavirus and health. The fields for search are titles, keywords and abstracts. The search was limited to the subject areas such as Social science; Environmental sciences; Business, Management and Accounting; Economics, Econometrics and Finance. The time framework is 2000-2020. The scientific background analysis stated the strong relationship between implementing green innovation in the healthcare system towards gaining sustainable development goals. The obtained results indicated that the COVID-19 requires the decisive green transformation in the economy. Thus, the forecast of greenhouse gas volume from the healthcare activity (human health and social work activities; human health activities; manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations) until 2030 was conducted. The methodological tool of this research based on the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The software EViews 11 was used to provide empirical calculation. This study involved data of the EU countries such as Hungary, Slovakia, Malta, Denmark and Portugal from 1995 to 2019. The base of data is the EU statistical service Eurostat. Based on the obtained results, the authors concluded that there are still disparities in the healthcare sectors of the EU-countries towards sustainability. Therefore, the authors highlighted the necessity to improve the EU countries’ cohesion policy, which would allow decisively and quickly cooperate to find effective solutions towards developing resilience in the healthcare sector due to implementing green strategies. The authors emphasized that this study’s obtained results could be the base for future investigations devoted to effective green solutions to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from the healthcare activity.

scholarly journals Wybrane aspekty oddziaływania rolnictwa na środowisko w państwach Unii Europejskiej

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Dorota Janiszewska ◽  
Luiza Ossowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Total Ammonia

The main objective of this article is to discuss the diversity of European Union countries based on selected indicators of agriculture's impact on the environment. Figures come from 2013. The analysis was conducted using the cluster analysis. The following diagnostic features were used for the analysis: gross nitrogen balance, share of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the selected country in total greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in all of EU countries, pesticide sales per hectare UAA, the share of ammonia emissions in the selected country in total ammonia emissions of all EU countries, share of irrigable areas in total UAA and share of organic area in total UAA. As a result of the cluster analysis examined regions were divided into six groups.

scholarly journals Study of the Percentage of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Aviation in the EU-27 Countries by Applying Multiple-Criteria Statistical Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Andrejiová ◽  
Anna Grincova ◽  
Daniela Marasová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Member States ◽  
Average Linkage ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Eu

The transport sector, including air transport, represents an important source of air pollution. The present article deals with the current situation regarding greenhouse gas emissions in the air in 27 European Union (EU-27) member states. Every member state is characterized by selected parameters that determine the unique nature of a particular country (e.g., population, area, life expectancy, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, etc.). In addition to these parameters, there were also other parameters which were monitored as they characterize the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of aviation on these emissions. The main purpose of the article is to compare the European Union member states on the basis of 15 examined parameters. The identification of similarities between the EU-27 member states with regard to the selected parameters was carried out by applying principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis. The average linkage method was applied to create a dendrogram representing the similarities between the examined member states. The value of the cophenetic correlation coefficient CC = 0.923 confirmed the correct application of the average linkage method. The cluster analysis outputs were five similarity-based homogeneous groups (clusters) into which the 27 member states were divided on the basis of the examined variables.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska ◽  
Bogdan Klepacki ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

scholarly journals Residential Consumers’ Willingness to Pay Price Premium for Renewable Heat in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Hoon Kim ◽  
Seul-Ye Lim ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
The Cost

Heat accounts for about one-third of the final energy use and it is mostly produced using fossil fuels in South Korea. Thus, heat production is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. However, using renewable heat that is directly produced from renewable energy, such as bioenergy, geothermal, or solar heat can save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, rather than transforming conventional fuel into heat. Therefore, an energy policy for renewable heat urgently needs to be established. It is such situations that this paper attempts to assess the consumers’ additional willingness to pay (WTP) or the price premium for renewable heat over heat that is produced from fossil fuels for residential heating. To that end, a nationwide contingent valuation survey of 1000 households was conducted during August 2018. Employing the model allowing for zero WTP values, the mean of the additional WTP or premium for one Gcal of heat produced using renewable energy rather than fossil fuels was estimated to be KRW 3636 (USD 3.2), which is statistically meaningful at the 1% level. This value represents the price premium for renewable heat over heat that is based on fossil fuels. Given that the heat price for residential heating was approximately KRW 73,000 (USD 65.1) per Gcal at the time of the survey, the additional WTP or the price premium corresponds to about 5% of that. When considering that the cost of producing renewable heat is still significantly higher than the cost of producing fossil fuels-based heat, more efforts to lower the production costs of renewable heat as well as financial support of the government for producing and supplying renewable heat are needed to ensure residential consumers’ acceptance of renewable heat.

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