scholarly journals An Iterative Refining Approach to Design the Control of Wave Energy Converters with Numerical Modeling and Scaled HIL Testing

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2508
Author(s):  
Nicola Delmonte ◽  
Eider Robles ◽  
Paolo Cova ◽  
Francesco Giuliani ◽  
François Xavier Faÿ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
And Control

The aim of this work is to show that a significant increase of the efficiency of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) can be achieved already at an early design stage, through the choice of a turbine and control regulation, by means of an accurate Wave-to-Wire (W2W) modeling that couples the hydrodynamic response calibrated in a wave flume to a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) test bench with sizes and rates not matching those of the system under development. Information on this procedure is relevant to save time, because the acquisition, the installation, and the setup of a test rig are not quick and easy. Moreover, power electronics and electric machines to emulate turbines and electric generators matching the real systems are not low-cost equipment. The use of HIL is important in the development of WECs also because it allows the carrying out of tests in a controlled environment, and this is again time- and money-saving if compared to tests done on a real system installed at the sea. Furthermore, W2W modeling can be applied to several Power Take-Off (PTO) configurations to experiment different control strategies. The method here proposed, concerning a specific HIL for testing power electronics and control laws for a specific WECs, may have a more general validity.

KW Level Wind Turbine Wind Tracking and Yaw System

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Xu Gang Wang ◽  
Guang Qi Cao ◽  
Zhi Guang Guan ◽  
Zu Yu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Program Flow ◽  
And Control

Wind power is an important direction of new energy, which has no pollution, no consuming fossil fuels, and no producing waste, which is widely used at this stage of clean energy. The small stand alone wind power has been paid more and more attention due to its low cost, flexible installation, strong adaptability. This paper introduces the mechanical and electrical structure, which are used in KW level stand alone mode wind turbine automatically track and yaw system. The motion rules and control strategies of the tracking and yaw system are discussed and then the control program flow is provided. The PIC16F873 chip is used as controller for this part in this system. It can fully meet the design requirements, which will reduce costs and increase the system's control ability. This system can automatically track and yaw, according to the wind direction and wind power.

Design and Analysis of a Multimodal Grasper Having Shape Conformity and Within-Hand Manipulation With Adjustable Contact Forces

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagamanikandan Govindan ◽  
Asokan Thondiyath
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
And Control ◽  
Compact Mechanism

Abstract This paper presents the design, analysis, and testing of a novel multimodal grasper having the capabilities of shape conformation, within-hand manipulation, and a built-in compact mechanism to vary the forces at the contact surface. The proposed grasper has two important qualities: versatility and less complexity. The former refers to the ability to grasp a range of objects having different geometrical shape, size, and payload and perform in-hand manipulations such as rolling and sliding, and the latter refers to the uncomplicated design, and ease of planning and control strategies. Increasing the number of functions performed by the grasper to adapt to a variety of tasks in structured and unstructured environments without increasing the mechanical complexity is the main interest of this research. The proposed grasper consists of two hybrid jaws having a rigid inner structure encompassed by a flexible, active gripping surface. The flexibility of the active surface has been exploited to achieve shape conformation, and the same has been utilized with a compact mechanism, introduced in the jaws, to vary the contact forces while grasping and manipulating an object. Simple and scalable structure, compactness, low cost, and simple control scheme are the main features of the proposed design. Detailed kinematic and static analysis are presented to show the capability of the grasper to adjust and estimate the contact forces without using a force sensor. Experiments are conducted on the fabricated prototype to validate the different modes of operation and to evaluate the advantages of the proposed concept.

Supporting the Ideation Process and Representation of the Design of a Product as Part of a Real Life Use Process

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliab Z. Opiyo
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Main Challenge

Numerous virtual and physical prototyping techniques have been developed in the past decades. These techniques are typically used for prototyping of products in the embodiment and detail design phases of the product development process, without taking into consideration the processes associated with products. These processes include sub-processes related to the operation of the products, interactivity of the product developer or the user with the product, and thinking and manipulative control of humans. The main challenge addressed in this paper is how to conceptualize and communicate ideas about products together with all accompanying processes. We have developed a new concept of abstract prototyping (AP), with the intent to enable the ideation and representation of products or systems as real life processes. In this paper, we present application case studies to demonstrate the applicability of this new concept of abstract prototyping. The preliminary results show that this is indeed the case and prove that process-focused abstract prototyping can be a useful new enabler for design communication. One of the major benefits of the proposed method over the competing approaches such as the application of VR solutions is that it provides a low-cost, but yet effective solution for the challenge of taking into consideration how the product will be used in user’s context or scenario at the very early design stage.

scholarly journals Soft Sensors for Biomass Monitoring during Low Cost Cellulase Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Soft Sensors ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Solid Substrates ◽  
Biomass Monitoring ◽  
And Control

Low cost cellulase production has become a major challenge in recent years. The major hurdle in the production of biofuel and other products from biomass is the lack of efficient economically feasible cellulase. This can be achieved by proper monitoring and control of bioprocess. In order to implement any control scheme, the accurate representation of the system in the form of a model is necessary. There are many challenges associated with modeling the fermentation process such as inherent nonlinear dynamic behavior, complexity of process due to co-existence of viable and nonviable cells, presence of solid substrates, etc. Toward the achievement of this goal, researchers have been developing new techniques that can be used to monitor the process online and at-line. These newer techniques have paved the way for designing better control strategies that can be integrated with quality by design (QbD) and process analytic technology (PAT).

Simultaneously Satisfying Multi-Objective Design of Structural and Control Systems Based on Consideration of Uncertainty by Set-Based Approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Ishikawa ◽  
Naoko Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Set Based Design ◽  
And Control

The simultaneous optimum design for structural and control systems is very important to realize better performance, short lead time and low cost in the development of product. Previous researches on the simultaneous optimum design of these systems are mainly based on mathematical optimization or coupled computation by CAE which are based on point-based iterative calculation. On the other hand, it is general and essential that the required performances and the influence factors for them have some kinds of uncertainty especially in the initial design stage of structural design and uncertainty arising from the difference of real structural (mechanical) and mathematical models in the control system. In this research, for the expression of uncertainty, we use set-based method rather than point-based for processing these uncertainties. Also, generally, the design of the system has often multi-performances, whether structural system or control system. Then, how effective the set-based design method is to solve the simultaneous design problem is investigated, using simple examples of classical control and modern control. As a result, it is found that the applicability of the set-based design method is shown.

Control Design Strategies for Semi-Active Suspension System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gissella Maradey Lazaro ◽  
Helio Esteban Villegas ◽  
Brajan Ruiz ◽  
Andrés Aldana
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Semi-Active Suspension Systems are very important to achieve comfort, ride handling, ground contact of the tyre, road-friendliness and works in a large range of operation. Its use an active dampers and the action of control is very good because of low energy consumption. The force of the damper is regulated according to the operating conditions. Magnetorheological Dampers are commonly used because of his yield resistance, low power, fast response and low cost of production. However, they behave in a non-linear way, following a dynamic of hysteresis so you should give a more sophisticated mathematical treatment. In this paper, we describe the modelling and design of two control strategies for Semi-Active Suspension System. Two control laws will be developed; classical PID and Fuzzy Logic controls law with the simulation and evaluate the stability and performance properties of our controllers in several different scenarios through analysis and simulation simultaneously. The performance of the system is determined by computer simulation in Matlab/ Simulink. The results obtained to compare and prove the effectiveness of these control approaches.

Mathematical Model of a Full Scale Locomotive Roller Rig

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cheli ◽  
Giorgio Diana ◽  
Elisabetta Leo ◽  
Ferdinando Mapelli ◽  
Edoardo Sabbioni
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
On Line ◽  
Roller Rig ◽  
And Control

Experimental testing components, innovative solutions and control strategies is essential in order to increase performances, optimize efficiency and ensure a proper safety level of a railway vehicle. These tests are usually performed directly on line, thus being very expansive. In order to reduce costs and save time during the testing/analysis phase, the use of dedicated test rigs is increasing. A roller rig for testing full scale locomotives is considered in this paper. In order to investigate the influence of the roller rig dynamics on the test bench behavior in a design stage, a numerical model of the full system (including the locomotive, the roller rig and the corresponding control systems) has been developed and a parametric analysis has been carried out.

Development of Control Strategies for Interconnected Pneumatic Wave Energy Converters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Thacher ◽  
Helen Bailey ◽  
Bryson Robertson ◽  
Scott Beatty ◽  
Jason Goldsworthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Sea State

In the field of wave energy converter control, high fidelity numerical models have become the predominant tool for the development of accurate and comprehensive control strategies. In this study, a numerical model of a novel wave energy converter, employing a pneumatic power take-off, is created to provide a low-cost method for the development of a power-maximizing control strategy. Device components and associated architectures are developed in the time domain solvers Proteus DS and MATLAB/Simulink. These two codes are dynamically coupled at run time to produce a complete six degree of freedom, time domain simulation of the converter. Utilizing this numerical framework, a genetic algorithm optimization procedure is implemented to optimally select eight independent parameters governing the PTO geometry. Optimality is measured in terms of estimated annual energy production at a specific deployment location off the West Coast of Canada. The optimization exercise is one layer of PTO force control — the parameters selected are seen to provide significant improvements in the annual power output, while also smoothing the WEC power output on both a sea-state by sea-state and wave-by-wave basis.

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