scholarly journals Ni Supported on Natural Clays as a Catalyst for the Transformation of Levulinic Acid into γ-Valerolactone without the Addition of Molecular Hydrogen

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3448
Author(s):  
Adrián García ◽  
Rut Sanchis ◽  
Francisco J. Llopis ◽  
Isabel Vázquez ◽  
María Pilar Pico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Natural Clays ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method ◽  
Clay Materials ◽  
Automotive Fuels

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is a valuable chemical that can be used as a clean additive for automotive fuels. This compound can be produced from biomass-derived compounds. Levulinic acid (LA) is a compound that can be obtained easily from biomass and it can be transformed into GVL by dehydration and hydrogenation using metallic catalysts. In this work, catalysts of Ni (a non-noble metal) supported on a series of natural and low-cost clay-materials have been tested in the transformation of LA into GVL. Catalysts were prepared by a modified wet impregnation method using oxalic acid trying to facilitate a suitable metal dispersion. The supports employed are attapulgite and two sepiolites with different surface areas. Reaction tests have been undertaken using an aqueous medium at moderate reaction temperatures of 120 and 180 °C. Three types of experiments were undertaken: (i) without H2 source, (ii) using formic acid (FA) as hydrogen source and (iii) using Zn in order to transform water in hydrogen through the reaction Zn + H2O → ZnO + H2. The best results have been obtained combining Zn (which plays a double role as a reactant for hydrogen formation and as a catalyst) and Ni/attapulgite. Yields to GVL higher than 98% have been obtained at 180 °C in the best cases. The best catalytic performance has been related to the presence of tiny Ni particles as nickel crystallites larger than 4 nm were not present in the most efficient catalysts.

scholarly journals Oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane over supported V-Mo mixed oxides

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghiţa Mitran ◽  
Ioan-Cezar Marcu ◽  
Adriana Urdă ◽  
Ioan Săndulescu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Dehydrogenation ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Molybdenum Oxides ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method ◽  
Oxidative Dehydrogenation Of Isobutane

Vanadium-molybdenum oxides supported on Al2O3, CeO2 and TiO2 were prepared by a ?wet? impregnation method, characterized using DRX, N2 adsorption, UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements and tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane. The catalytic performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane at 400-550?C depended on the nature of support and on the content of VMoO species on the support. The catalysts supported on alumina were more active and selective than those supported on ceria and titania.

scholarly journals Catalytic Combustion of Dimethyl Disulfide on Bimetallic Supported Catalysts Prepared by the Wet-Impregnation Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junan Gao ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Sulfur Poisoning ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

In this paper, the catalytic combustion of DMDS (dimethyl disulfide, CH3SSCH3) over bimetallic supported catalysts were investigated. It was confirmed that Cu/γ-Al2O3-CeO2 showed best catalytic performance among the five single-metal catalysts. Furthermore, six different metals were separately added into Cu/γ-Al2O3-CeO2 to investigate the promoting effect. The experiments revealed Pt as the most effective promoter and the the best catalytic performance was achieved as the adding amount of 0.3 wt%. The characterization results indicated that high activity and resistance to sulfur poisoning of Cu-Pt/γ-Al2O3-CeO2 could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Cu and Pt.

Influence of Shaping on Pd and Pt/TiO2 Catalysts in Total Oxidation of VOCs

2011 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Barakat ◽  
Gauthier Finne ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
Renaud Cousin ◽  
Jean Marc Giraudon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method ◽  
Catalytic Test

The catalytic performance of a commercial TiO2 was investigated towards the total oxidation of toluene. A variety of two titania supports was used in this work, shaped (pellets) and non-shaped (powder) materials. 0.5wt% Pd or Pt were impregnated onto both types of titania supports using the wet impregnation method. A decrease in the surface area of the obtained catalysts was noticed after the catalytic test, although it was still much higher than that of classical titania supports. The catalysts were tested in the total oxidation of toluene, and a major decrease in activity was noticed for Pt impregnated “shaped” supports.

scholarly journals Catalytic Combustion of Dimethyl Disulfide on Bimetallic Supported Catalysts Prepared by the Wet-Impregnation Method

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junan Gao ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Sulfur Poisoning ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

In this paper, the catalytic combustion of DMDS (dimethyl disulfide, CH3SSCH3) over bimetallic supported catalysts were investigated. It was confirmed that Cu/γ-Al2O3-CeO2 showed best catalytic performance among the five single-metal catalysts. Furthermore, six different metals were separately added into Cu/γ-Al2O3-CeO2 to investigate the promoting effect. The experiments revealed Pt as the most effective promoter and the best catalytic performance was achieved as the adding amount of 0.3 wt%. The characterization results indicated that high activity and resistance to sulfur poisoning of Cu-Pt/γ-Al2O3-CeO2 could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Cu and Pt.

Characterization of Wet Impregnation Method for Catalytic Microcombustor by Using Platinum

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Nazri Murat Muhamad ◽  
Azman Miskam Muhamad ◽  
Ahmad Mohd Azmier ◽  
Zainal Alimuddin Zainal Alauddin ◽  
Zulfikar Ishak Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Propargyl Alcohol ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

The wet impregnation method for catalytic microcombustor was characterized by using platinum as a catalyst. The main purpose of this study is to increase the surface porosity of the catalyst support. A high surface porosity indicates that a high amount of catalyst was deposited within the surface areas. The performance of the catalytic microcombustor improves with increasing catalytic surface area. The stainless steel catalyst support was treated with sulfuric acid solution containing polyvinyl (3.89 wt%) and propargyl alcohol (1.48 wt%). Combustion test was performed using LPG-air to test the performance of the catalyst. The surface support treated with polyvinyl (PVA) showed a higher surface porosity and combustion blow-out limit compared with propargyl alcohol. The combustion mode changes from surface to submerged combustion after the catalyst was deposited in the support surface.

scholarly journals Levulinic Acid Production from Delignified Rice Husk Waste over Manganese Catalysts: Heterogeneous Versus Homogeneous

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnia Putri Pratama ◽  
Dyah Utami Cahyaning Rahayu ◽  
Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Manganese Catalysts ◽  
Heterogenous Catalyst ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

Delignified rice husk waste (25.66% (wt) cellulose) was converted to levulinic acid using three types of manganese catalysts, i.e., the Mn3O4/hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite and Mn3O4 heterogenous catalysts, as well as Mn(II) ion homogeneous counterpart. The hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared using the double template method and modified with Mn3O4 through wet-impregnation method. The structure and physicochemical properties of the catalyst materials were determined using several solid-state characterization techniques. The reaction was conducted in a 200 mL-three neck-round bottom flask at 100 °C and 130 °C for a certain reaction time in the presence of 10% (v/v) phosphoric acid and 2% (v/v) H2O2 aqueous solution, and the product was analyzed using HPLC. In general, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) as the intermediate product was produced after 2 h and decreased after 4 h reaction time. To conclude, the Mn3O4/hierarchical ZSM-5 heterogenous catalyst gave the highest yield (wt %) of levulinic acid (39.75% and 27.60%, respectively) as the main product, after 8 h reaction time.

scholarly journals Influence of Nature Support on Methane and CO2 Conversion in a Dry Reforming Reaction over Nickel-Supported Catalysts

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Hamza Fakeeha ◽  
Samsudeen Olajide Kasim ◽  
Ahmed Aidid Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Elhag Abasaeed ◽  
Ahmed Sadeq Al-Fatesh
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

A promising method to reduce global warming has been methane reforming with CO2, as it combines two greenhouse gases to obtain useful products. In this study, Ni-supported catalysts were synthesized using the wet impregnation method to obtain 5%Ni/Al2O3(SA-5239), 5%Ni/Al2O3(SA-6175), 5%Ni/SiO2, 5%Ni/MCM41, and 5%Ni/SBA15. The catalysts were tested in dry reforming of methane at 700 °C, 1 atm, and a space velocity of 39,000 mL/gcat h, to study the interaction of Ni with the supports, and evaluation was based on CH4 and CO2 conversions. 5%Ni/Al2O3(SA-6175) and 5%Ni/SiO2 gave the highest conversion of CH4 (78 and 75%, respectively) and CO2 (84 and 82%, respectively). The catalysts were characterized by some techniques. Ni phases were identified by X-ray diffraction patterns. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis showed different surface areas of the catalysts with the least being 4 m2/g and the highest 668 m2/g belonging to 5%Ni/Al2O3(SA-5239) and 5%Ni/SBA15, respectively. The reduction profiles revealed weak NiO-supports interaction for 5%Ni/Al2O3(SA-5239), 5%Ni/MCM41, and 5%Ni/SBA15; while strong interaction was observed in 5%Ni/Al2O3(SA-6175) and 5%Ni/SiO2. The 5%Ni/Al2O3(SA-6175) and 5%Ni/SiO2 were close with respect to performance; however, the former had a higher amount of carbon deposit, which is mostly graphitic, according to the conducted thermal analysis. Carbon deposits on 5%Ni/SiO2 were mainly atomic in nature.

scholarly journals Surface and Catalytic Properties of the CuO/Al2O3 System as Influenced by Treating with Trace Amounts of MoO3

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

A CuO/Al2O3 solid containing 0.2 mol% CuO (0.2CuO/Al2O3) and three MoO3-doped variants of this material were all prepared via the wet impregnation method, the amount of dopant added to the CuO/Al2O3 solid being 0.25, 1.0 or 2.0 mol% MoO3, respectively. All the samples prepared were heated in air to 350, 450 or 600°C, respectively, before being cooled to room temperature and stored. X-Ray studies of these materials showed that the undoped (pure) solid calcined at 350°C exhibited all the diffractions lines associated with the AlO(OH) and CuO phases with an excellent degree of crystallinity. Doping the pure solid resulted in the effective progressive decrease in the degree of crystallinity of both the above-mentioned phases to an extent proportional to the amount of dopant added. Increasing the calcination temperature of the pure and doped solids to 650°C led to a significant decrease in the degree of ordering of CuO due to the formation of poorly crystalline γ-Al2O3 having a much better dispersion power relative to AlO(OH). The specific surface areas of the various samples were found to decrease progressively as the amount of dopant added was increased, especially for samples calcined at 650°C. Increasing the calcination temperature of the pure sample within the range 350–650°C led to a small increase in their catalytic activities in H2O2 decomposition. In contrast, MoO3 treatment followed by calcination of the resulting materials in the range 350–650°C resulted in a significant increase in their catalytic activities in the same catalytic reaction. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity at 30°C attained values of 720%, 735% and 976% for the doped solids calcined at 350, 450 and 650°C, respectively. In contrast, however, such doping brought about a progressive measurable decrease in the catalytic activity of the treated solids towards CO oxidation by O2 when this latter reaction was conducted over the temperature range 150–250°C.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Catalytic Performance of a Novel Nickel/Kit-6 Nanocatalyst for the Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. A. Usman ◽  
T. O. Alaje ◽  
V. I. Ekwueme ◽  
E. A. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous Materials ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

Highly ordered mesoporous materials are opening the door to new opportunities in catalysis due to their extraordinary intrinsic features. In this study, Nickel was supported on highly ordered mesoporous silica (KIT-6) by the wet impregnation method, and its performance in the hydrogenation of edible vegetable oil was compared with that of Ni/Activated carbon prepared using the same method as well as with unsupported Nickel. The degree of conversion for the 50 : 50 Ni/KIT-6 was 81%, as compared to the 29% obtained with 50 : 50 Ni/Activated carbons. The conversion was found to improve with an increase in mass of supported Nickel on KIT-6 thus 20 : 80 Ni/KIT-6 and 30 : 70 Ni/KIT-6 produced conversions of 71% and 74%, respectively. Key among the benefits of KIT-6 when used as a support material is the very high surface area, open framework of the 3D bicontinuous interconnected channels, and the well-ordered mesopores which bestow on it an advanced mass transfer characteristics.

scholarly journals Nickel-based perovskite catalysts: synthesis and catalytic tests in the production of syngas

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (371) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Moraes Júnior ◽  
J. O. Leite ◽  
A. G. Santos ◽  
M. J. B. Souza ◽  
A. M. Garrido Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Organic Precursor ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Partial Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Conversion Level ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Perovskite Type ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method ◽  
H2 Selectivity

Abstract La1-xSrxNiO3 (x= 0.0, 0.3 or 0.7) perovskite-type oxides were synthesized using the modified proteic gel method and using collagen as an organic precursor. Catalysts of La1-xSrxNiO3/Al2O3 were obtained using the wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, surface area and temperature-programmed reduction. The catalysts were evaluated in the partial oxidation reaction of methane, and the levels of selectivity to CO, CO2, H2 and H2O were determined. Among the catalysts studied, the catalyst LaNiO3/Al2O3 had the highest methane conversion level (78%) and higher H2 selectivity (55%).

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