scholarly journals A Novel Market Clearing and Safety Checking Method for Multi-Type Units That Considers Flexible Loads

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3771
Author(s):  
Dong Hua ◽  
Wutao Chen ◽  
Cong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Interior Point Method ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Market Clearing ◽  
General Algebraic Modeling System ◽  
Flexible Loads ◽  
Flexible Load ◽  
Unit Output ◽  
The Cost

Flexible loads have flexibility and variability in time and space, and they have been widely studied by scholars. However, the research on the participation of flexible loads in market clearing and safety checking is still insufficient. We propose a market clearing and safety checking method for multi-type units that considers flexible loads. First, the flexible load is divided into reducible loads, shiftable loads, and convertible loads, and its mathematical model is established. Then, the convertible loads are considered in the market clearing model, and the power management agency executes the market clearing procedure to obtain the clearing result. When the line power exceeds the limit as a result of clearing, the power flow of the branches and sections is eliminated by adjusting the unit output and reducing the flexible load at the same time, and a safety checking model considering load reduction is established. The marginal electricity price of the nodes is obtained by the interior point method, and we solve the model by calling the CPLEX (v12.7.1) solver in GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System v24.9.1). We use a regional power grid of 220 kV and above as an example for analysis; the results show that the proposed method can reduce the marginal electricity price of the nodes, reduce the cost of safety checking, and improve the safety of the market clearing.

scholarly journals A New Method for Peer-to-Peer Energy Exchange in Distribution Grids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Reihani ◽  
Pierluigi Siano ◽  
Michael Genova
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Market Clearing ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Distribution Grids

In this paper, distribution-level peer-to-peer energy exchange is proposed that allows increased matching between load and generation nodes. Contributions of the proposed improved matching system between the local load and generation nodes aim at making efficient use of unused power generation, reducing the cost of electrical energy for consumers, and assisting utility companies by reducing transmission line congestion. The proposed system for matching the load and generation nodes consists of a financial layer and technical layer. In the financial layer, nodes with an excess of energy provide a price to sell energy, while the nodes needing energy bid on a price to purchase energy. A market-clearing mechanism using pool clearing is applied to determine a final price for peer-to-peer exchange. The technical layer determines the connection of energy transfer between the generation and load nodes while considering the distance, power flow constraints, and specified time windows. The proposed approach is verified in a five-node system and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Stochastic Expansion Planning of Various Energy Storage Technologies in Active Power Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5752
Author(s):  
Reza Sabzehgar ◽  
Diba Zia Amirhosseini ◽  
Saeed D. Manshadi ◽  
Poria Fajri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Second Order Cone ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
The Cost

This work aims to minimize the cost of installing renewable energy resources (photovoltaic systems) as well as energy storage systems (batteries), in addition to the cost of operation over a period of 20 years, which will include the cost of operating the power grid and the charging and discharging of the batteries. To this end, we propose a long-term planning optimization and expansion framework for a smart distribution network. A second order cone programming (SOCP) algorithm is utilized in this work to model the power flow equations. The minimization is computed in accordance to the years (y), seasons (s), days of the week (d), time of the day (t), and different scenarios based on the usage of energy and its production (c). An IEEE 33-bus balanced distribution test bench is utilized to evaluate the performance, effectiveness, and reliability of the proposed optimization and forecasting model. The numerical studies are conducted on two of the highest performing batteries in the current market, i.e., Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and redox flow batteries (RFBs). In addition, the pros and cons of distributed Li-ion batteries are compared with centralized RFBs. The results are presented to showcase the economic profits of utilizing these battery technologies.

scholarly journals Grid Parity Analysis of China’s Centralized Photovoltaic Generation under Multiple Uncertainties

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Dequn Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Grid Parity ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
Time Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Installed Capacity

The cost of centralized photovoltaic (CPV) power generation has been decreasing rapidly in China. However, the achievement of grid parity is full of uncertainties due to changes in policies and the industry environment. In order to explore the time, price, and external conditions in which grid parity can be achieved, we create the improved grey GM (1, 1) model to estimate the installed capacity over the next 10 years, and apply a learning curve to predict the cost of CPV generation. In the analysis of grid parity, we compare the benchmark price of coal power and the price under the market-oriented mechanism with CPV. The results show that China’s CPV industry will enter the early stage of maturity from 2020 onwards; with the help of benchmark investment, the grid parity of CPV may be achieved in 2022 at the earliest and 2025 at the latest. After 2025, the photovoltaic electricity price will be generally lower than the coal electricity price under marketization. By 2030, CPV power generation costs will reach US $0.05/kWh, the accumulative installed capacity will exceed 370 GW, and the uncertainties will lead to a cumulative installed gap of nearly 100 GW.

A Discussion on recent advances in heavy electrical plant - A.c.—d.c. converter plant

1973 ◽  
Vol 275 (1248) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Circuit Switching ◽  
Power Circuit ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Cost ◽  
System Operating ◽  
Overall Reliability

An ‘ideal* converter would accept the power flow of a 3-phase a.c. system operating with sinusoidal voltage and current, and, without energy storage and by a continuous process, convert to or from d.c. Present-day converters rely, however, on repetitive circuit switching operations, more than 12 per cycle being generally uneconomic despite the cost of the energy storage components required in damping circuits and in the filters to maintain acceptable waveforms. Analysis of the operation of such converters is based on the mathematics of repetitive transients (Laplace and Fourier) and on the use of a d.c. transmission simulator, an extensive model at 10 -7 scale in power, which is also necessary in the development of complex electronic control circuits. There exists a great background of experience contributing to the design of most components of the power circuit. In contrast, the development of the switching device, whether thyristor stack or mercury arc valve, calls for advances in the state of art, both in scientific appreciation and in technology, which must be supported by full scale tests. There is little immediate prospect of the theoretical ‘ ideal * converter, but this is unimportant, provided that development leads to enhanced overall reliability.

The Calculation of Photovoltaic System Generation Access Capacity in Distribution Network Based on Probabilistic Power Flow and the PSO Optimization

2012 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
Lu Yao Ma ◽  
Shu Jun Yao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Long Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
System Generation ◽  
Probabilistic Power Flow ◽  
The Cost

With the distributed generation such as photovoltaic power system (PVS) is largely introduced into power grid, some significant problems such as system instability problem increase seriously. In order to make full use of PVS and make sure the voltage exceeding probability is limited within a certain range to ensure the power quality, as well as consider the cost of access device, the suitable PVS access node and capacity is important. Based on this problem, this paper establishes the probabilistic power flow model of PVS by introducing the combined Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier expansion method. Also, to solve the nonlinear combinatorial optimization problem, this paper uses PSO algorithm. Finally to get the suitable PVS access node and capacity, also calculate the solution of voltage exceeding probability.

Gas prices expose Europe’s energy vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indigenous Production ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Cost

Significance The cost of gas-fired generation sets the electricity price in much of Europe today. Falling indigenous production has left Europe reliant on gas imports and exposed it to global liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices set by fast-recovering China. This has left retail-only electricity suppliers vulnerable and increases the risk that falling disposable incomes will undermine post-pandemic recovery. Impacts EU carbon allowance prices will stay strong. Higher energy prices will stoke inflation amid a fragile recovery, posing a dilemma for central banks. Rising gas prices have had ancillary but potentially alarming impacts as some fertiliser and CO2 producers have shut in production.

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