scholarly journals Potassium Hydroxyde Pre-Treatment Enhances Methane Yield from Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Ciro Vasmara ◽  
Stefano Cianchetta ◽  
Rosa Marchetti ◽  
Enrico Ceotto ◽  
Stefania Galletti
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Ch4 Concentration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Arundo Donax L

The biogas production through the anaerobic digestion (AD) of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) biomass has received increasing attention. However, due to the presence of lignin, a low CH4 yield can be obtained. Aiming to improve the CH4 yield from giant reed biomass, the effectiveness of a thermo-chemical pre-treatment based on KOH was evaluated in this paper. The usefulness of a washing step before the AD was also assessed. The pre-treatment led to a specific CH4 yield up to 232 mL CH4 g−1 VS which was 21% higher than that from untreated biomass; the maximum daily rate of production was improved by 42%, AD duration was reduced by 10%, and CH4 concentration in the biogas was increased by 23%. On the contrary, the washing step did not improve the AD process. Besides, washing away the liquid fraction led to biomass losses, reducing the overall CH4 production. The use of a KOH-based pre-treatment appears as a good option for enhancing the AD of giant reed, also presenting potential environmental and agronomical benefits, like the avoidance of salty wastewater production and the likely improvement of the digestate quality, due to its enriched K content.

scholarly journals Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) for biogas production: land use saving and nitrogen utilisation efficiency compared with arable crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Dragoni ◽  
Giorgio Ragaglini ◽  
Elisa Corneli ◽  
Nicoletta Nassi o Di Nasso ◽  
Cristiano Tozzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency

Aiming to improve the sustainability of biogas supply chains, the research for alternative feedstocks is a key issue and giant reed (<em>Arundo donax</em> L.) is a promising no-food crop to be used in anaerobic digestion. In fact, giant reed is a perennial species characterised by low nutrient requirements and is able to provide promising biogas yields. Its suitability for anaerobic digestion is influenced by harvest time, since plant characteristics vary noticeably along the season. Moreover, ensiling is a storage technique that can assure a good preservation of the biomass over time, but also influence the methane yields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the suitability for biogas production of giant reed silage, according to different cutting regimes, and to evaluate the efficiency in saving land and nitrogen for fuelling biogas plants, in comparison with maize and two sorghum varieties. Methane yields per hectare (Nm<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>–1</sup>) were determined by multiplying the biochemical methane potential of each substrate by the aboveground biomass of the corresponding crop. The land use coefficient (LU), namely the land needed to fuel one kW power (ha kWe<sup>–1</sup>), was calculated from the estimated methane yields per hectare. Finally, nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUtE), which is the ratio between the estimated methane yield and the nitrogen uptake per hectare (Nm<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub> kgN<sup>–1</sup>), was determined for each crop species and according to the harvest time and frequency of giant reed. Overall, a good suitability for ensiling was observed in giant reed. When harvested in September, the crop yielded about 9900 Nm<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>–1</sup>, while in double harvest systems biomethane was about 12,000 Nm<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>–1</sup>, +35% and +70% than maize and sorghum respectively. Moreover, giant reed under double harvest management was the most land-conservative option, as LU was about 0.22 ha kWe<sup>–1</sup>, while in annual crops it was about 0.35 ha kWe<sup>–1</sup>. The higher NUtE was observed in single harvests (up to 64 Nm<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub> kgN<sup>–1</sup>), while double harvests showed remarkably lower values, averaging 48 Nm<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub> kgN<sup>–1</sup>. Annual crops were less efficient, since NUtE ranged from 28 Nm<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub> kgN<sup>–1</sup> (maize) to 40 Nm<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub> kgN<sup>–1</sup> (fibre sorghum). In conclusion, giant reed can be an alternative for biogas making, potentially providing land and nitrogen savings compared with conventional annual crops.

Economic and energy analysis of different systems for giant reed ( Arundo donax L.) harvesting in Italy and Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Pari ◽  
Maria Dolores Curt ◽  
Javier Sánchez ◽  
Enrico Santangelo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Arundo Donax L

Alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench for biogas production

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Michalska ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Almost All

AbstractThis work studies the influence of the alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench — a representative of energy crops used in biogas production. Solutions containing various concentrations of sodium hydroxide were used to achieve the highest degradation of lignocellulosic structures. The results obtained after chemical pre-treatment indicate that the use of NaOH leads to the removal of almost all lignin (over 99 % in the case of 5 mass % NaOH) from the biomass, which is a prerequisite for efficient anaerobic digestion. Several parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total phenolic content, volatile fatty acids, and general nitrogen were determined in the hydrolysates thus obtained in order to define the most favourable conditions. The best results were obtained for the Sorghum treated with 5 mass % NaOH at 121°C for 30 min The hydrolysate thus achieved consisted of high total phenolic compounds concentration (ca. 4.7 g L−1) and chemical oxygen demand value (ca. 45 g L−1). Although single alkali hydrolysis causes total degradation of glucose, a combined chemical and enzymatic pre-treatment of Sorghum leads to the release of large amounts of this monosaccharide into the supernatant. This indicates that alkali pre-treatment does not lead to complete cellulose destruction. The high degradation of lignin structure in the first step of the pre-treatment rendered the remainder of the biomass available for enzymatic action. A comparison of the efficiency of biogas production from untreated Sorghum and Sorghum treated with the use of NaOH and enzymes shows that chemical hydrolysis improves the anaerobic digestion effectiveness and the combined pre-treatment could have great potential for methane generation.

scholarly journals Shooting of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) stem cuttings in cold greenhouse

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Gherbin ◽  
Simone Milan ◽  
Giuseppe Mercurio ◽  
Antonio Scopa
Keyword(s):  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
One Year ◽  
Arundo Donax L

The increasing interest in<em> Arundo donax,</em> a perennial lignocellulosic species only reproducing by propagation, requires the setup of cheap, simple and reliable techniques. Considering these targets, stem cutting offers considerable advantages. The present investigation aimed to compare: i) plants obtained by different propagation methods (by rhizome and micropropagation mother plants); ii) plants obtained by stem cuttings from basal, central and apical parts of the stem; iii) different planting periods (spring, summer, autumn). The obtained results showed that the number of new shoots from stem buds was: i) higher in the spring and lower in the summer planting period; ii) higher from cuttings obtained by micropropagated than rhizome mother plants, both in spring and summer plantings; iii) decreasing passing from the basal to the apical stem portion; iv) partly unexpressed in the autumn planting period; v) lower from one-year stem cuttings as compared to two-year stem cuttings.

scholarly journals Agronomic and physiological response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to soil salinity

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Di Mola ◽  
Gianpiero Guida ◽  
Carmela Mistretta ◽  
Pasquale Giorio ◽  
Rossella Albrizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Arundo Donax L

The soil salinity increase in the Mediterranean basin is one of the consequences of the climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to salinity, in conditions of higher temperatures, in order to hypothesise the future use of giant reed under these conditions. The trial was carried out in pots under a permanent metal structure, open on the sides and with a clear PE on the top. Four levels of soil salinity in the range 3.3-15.5 dS m–1 were imposed. The stem number of the most stressed treatment was about 45% lower than the control and also the stem height was lower than in all other treatments. The green and yellow leaf number decreased as the soil salinity increased, and their sum was significantly lower in the two most stressed treatments. Osmotic potential of the leaf sap was not affected by salinity. Leaf water potential and stomatal conduc- conductance in the saline treatments were lower than in the control. tance Assimilation rate showed similar pattern of stomatal conductance. Intrinsic WUE remained almost stable until July and increased during August under the most stressful conditions. PSII photochemistry was not affected by soil salinity. Biomass yield was not different from the control until to soil ECe 12.0 dS m–1: only the most stressed treatment (15.5 dS m–1) caused yield losses (50%). Tolerance threshold to salinity was 11.2 dS m–1 and the relative yield losses were 11.6% per dS m–1.

Optimizing in vitro large scale production of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) by liquid medium culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Cavallaro ◽  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
Salvatore L. Cosentino ◽  
Isabella Di Silvestro ◽  
Venera Copani
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Medium Culture ◽  
Arundo Donax L

scholarly journals Opportunity of Biogas Production from Solid Organic Wastes through Anaerobic Digestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 05025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagor Kumar Pramanik ◽  
Fatihah Binti Suja ◽  
Biplob Kumar Pramanik ◽  
Shahrom Bindi Md Zain
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Pre Treatment

Solid organic wastes create potential risks to environmental pollution and human health due to the uncontrolled discharge of huge quantities of hazardous wastes from numerous sources. Now-a-days, anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered as a verified and effective alternative compared to other techniques for treating solid organic waste. The paper reviewed the biological process and parameters involved in the AD along with the factors could enhance the AD process. Hydrolysis is considered as a rate-limiting phase in the complex AD process. The performance and stability of AD process is highly influenced by various operating parameters like temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen ratio, retention time, and organic loading rate. Different pre-treatment (e.g. mechanical, chemical and biological) could enhance the AD process and the biogas yield. Co-digestion can also be used to provide suitable nutrient balance inside the digester. Challenges of the anaerobic digestion for biogas production are also discussed.

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