scholarly journals A Gate-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment for the CO2-EOR Operations at Farnsworth Unit (FWU)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Anthony Morgan ◽  
Reid Grigg ◽  
William Ampomah
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Cumulative Amount ◽  
Ethanol Plant ◽  
Co2 Eor ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to the Farnsworth Unit’s (FWU) carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) operations were accounted for through a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) for a period of about 10 years, since start of injection to 2020, and predictions of 18 additional years of the CO2-EOR operation were made. The CO2 source for the FWU project has been 100% anthropogenically derived from the exhaust of an ethanol plant and a fertilizer plant. A cumulative amount of 5.25 × 106 tonnes of oil has been recovered through the injection of 1.64 × 106 tonnes of purchased CO2, of which 92% was stored during the 10-year period. An LCA analysis conducted on the various unit emissions of the FWU process yielded a net negative (positive storage) of 1.31 × 106 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, representing 79% of purchased CO2. An optimized 18-year forecasted analysis estimated 86% storage of the forecasted 3.21 × 106 tonnes of purchased CO2 with an equivalent 2.90 × 106 tonnes of crude oil produced by 2038. Major contributors to emissions were flaring/venting and energy usage for equipment. Improvements on the energy efficiency of equipment would reduce emissions further but this could be challenging. Improvement of injection capacity and elimination of venting/flaring or fugitive gas are methods more likely to be utilized for reducing net emissions and are the cases used for the optimized scenario in this work. This LCA illustrated the potential for the CO2-EOR operations in the FWU to store more CO2 with minimal emissions.

Incorporating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Freight Transportation Infrastructure Project Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumith Kumar Oduru ◽  
Pasi Lautala
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Simplified Lca ◽  
Modal Route

Transportation industry at large is a major consumer of fossil fuels and contributes heavily to the global greenhouse gas emissions. A significant portion of these emissions come from freight transportation and decisions on mode/route may affect the overall scale of emissions from a specific movement. It is common to consider several alternatives for a new freight activity and compare the alternatives from economic perspective. However, there is a growing emphasis for adding emissions to this evaluation process. One of the approaches to do this is through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); a method for estimating the emissions, energy consumption and environmental impacts of the project throughout its life cycle. Since modal/route selections are often investigated early in the planning stage of the project, availability of data and resources for analysis may become a challenge for completing a detailed LCA on alternatives. This research builds on such detailed LCA comparison performed on a previous case study by Kalluri et al. (2016), but it also investigates whether a simplified LCA process that only includes emissions from operations phase could be used as a less resource intensive option for the analysis while still providing relevant outcomes. The detailed LCA is performed using SimaPro software and simplified LCA is performed using GREET 2016 model. The results are obtained in terms of Kg CO2 equivalents of GHG emissions. This paper introduces both detailed and simplified methodologies and applies them to a case study of a nickel and copper mine in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The analysis’ are done for three modal alternatives (two truck routes and one rail route) and for multiple mine lives.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Different Gas Turbine Axial Compressor Water Washing Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Dominizi ◽  
Serena Gabriele ◽  
Angela Serra ◽  
Domenico Borello
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Nowadays the climate change is widely recognized as a global threat by both public opinion and industries. Actions to mitigate its causes are gaining momentum within all industries. In the energy field, there is the necessity to reduce emissions and to improve technologies to preserve the environment. LCA analyses of products are fundamental in this context. In the present work, a life cycle assessment has been carried out to calculate the carbon footprint of different water washing processes, as well as their effectiveness in recovering Gas Turbine efficiency losses. Field data have been collected and analyzed to make a comparison of the GT operating conditions before and after the introduction of an innovative high flow online water washing technique. The assessments have been performed using SimaPro software and cover the entire Gas Turbine and Water Washing skids operations, including the airborne emissions, skid pump, the water treatment and the heaters.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint and Related Production Costs of System Components of a Field-Grown Cercis canadensis L. ‘Forest Pansy’ Using Life Cycle Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewayne L. Ingram ◽  
Charles R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Production System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
System Component ◽  
Cercis Canadensis

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was utilized to analyze the global warming potential (GWP), or carbon footprint, and associated costs of the production components of a field-grown, spade-dug, 5 cm (2 in) caliper Cercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’ in the Lower Midwest, U.S. A model production system was determined from interviews of nursery managers in the region. Input materials, equipment use and labor were inventoried for each production system component using international standards of LCA. The seed-to-landscape GWP, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide emission equivalent (CO2e), was determined to be 13.707. Equipment use constituted the majority (63%) of net CO2-e emissions during production, transport to the customer, and transplanting in the landscape. The model was queried to determine the possible impact of production system modifications on carbon footprint and costs to aid managers in examining their production system. Carbon sequestration of a redbud growing in the landscape over its 40 year life, weighted proportionally for a 100 year assessment period, was calculated to be −165 kg CO2e. The take-down and disposal activities following its useful life would result in the emission of 88.44 kg CO2e. The life-cycle GWP of the described redbud tree, including GHG emissions during production, transport, transplanting, take down and disposal would be −63 kg CO2e. Total variable costs associated with the labor, materials, and equipment use incurred in the model system were $0.069, $2.88, and $34.81 for the seedling, liner, and field production stages, respectively. An additional $18.83 was needed for transport to the landscape and planting in the landscape and after the 40 year productive life of the tree in the landscape, another $60.86 was needed for take-down and disposal activities.

scholarly journals Life-cycle Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture for Enhanced Oil Recovery

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar G. Hertwich ◽  
Martin Aaberg ◽  
Bhawna Singh ◽  
Anders H. Strømman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture

Life cycle assessment of lignocellulosic ethanol: a review of key factors and methods affecting calculated GHG emissions and energy use

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Gerbrandt ◽  
Pei Lin Chu ◽  
Allison Simmonds ◽  
Kimberley A Mullins ◽  
Heather L MacLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Lignocellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Key Factors

scholarly journals Application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Sugar Industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti ◽  
Rahayu Siwi Dwi Astuti ◽  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Leading Industry ◽  
Process System ◽  
Very High

Sugar is one of the main commodities that are needed for human life. The demand of sugar is very high with the trend increase from year to year. This condition makes the sugar industry become a leading industry that must be maintained sustainability. The sustainability of the sugar industry is influenced by the use of energy and natural resources and the resulting environmental impacts. Therefore, an effort is needed to analyze the environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts resulting from a product (sugar), by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is a very important tool for the analysis of a process/system from its cradle to grave. This technique is very useful in the estimation of energy usage and environmental load of a product/system. This paper aims to describe the main elements of sugar industries using Life Cycle Assessment.

scholarly journals On the Imaginary Accuracy of the LCA on the Basis of the Houseboat in Hamburg (Holistic Approach)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-237
Author(s):  
Maria Grajcar ◽  
Kristina Rumiantceva ◽  
Ingo Weidlich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Software Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Beta Version

Abstract To our knowledge, for the first time in the history of the life cycle assessment, the LCA analysis of the houseboats used for residential purposes has been conducted while testing a new software program eLCA in its Beta version. In cooperation with the Coop Waterhouse GmbH and with the Architektenbüro PlanWerk, the houseboat Swan, due to its extraordinary solutions for energy supply, has been chosen for the first attempt at analysing uncertainty in its LCA with the focus on the energy supply components as well as on the energy input. Results discuss energy usage, being responsible for the half of the total CO2 e-emissions, and its uncertainty with regards to the next 50 years of the houseboat’s lifetime.

Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Comparison Between a Cooling Tower and a Geothermal Heat Exchanger for Air Conditioning Applications in Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Porras ◽  
Angel D. Ramirez ◽  
Arnaldo Walter ◽  
Guillermo Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Geothermal Heat Exchanger

Abstract Cooling towers are widely used to remove heat in buildings with chilled water air conditioning systems. Moreira et al. [1] performed an experimental comparison between a cooling tower (CT) and a geothermal heat exchanger (GHE) in Guayaquil-Ecuador (hot/humid climate) and the results show an advantage of 39% of GHE systems regarding energy efficiency. This study compares the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), considering the results of the research mentioned above and comparing both systems. A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to estimate the GHG emissions, assuming three scenarios for the electricity supply: the electricity generation mix in 2016, the planned electricity generation mix in 2025, and the profile for marginal electricity generation (peak demand). The estimated reduction of GHG emissions due to the use of GHE systems could be up to 50%. GHEs for building air conditioning applications is a technological option with potential to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions. However, additional work is necessary to evaluate the complete environmental profile and its cost-effectiveness.

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