scholarly journals Design Optimisation of a Current-Fed Solid-State Transformer for MV Grid-Connected Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3283
Author(s):  
Essam Hussain ◽  
Mohammad Abusara ◽  
Suleiman Sharkh
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Solid State Transformer ◽  
Design Optimisation ◽  
Solid State Transformers ◽  
Main Components

For integrating large batteries in the medium voltage grid, current fed solid-state transformers offer galvanic isolation and a significant weight and size reduction. While the power losses increase with frequency and flux density, the core volume is contrariwise. Therefore, a design optimisation to achieve minimum losses and/or a minimum volume is essential. An optimisation strategy is proposed in this paper to find the optimum operating frequency and core flux density under certain practical constraints such as winding voltage per turn, clearance between transformer windings, saturation flux density and minimum efficiency. Differently from previous works, the proposed strategy provides a holistic approach for the design considering all main power losses from all main components using nonsinusoidal voltage waveforms and different operating conditions. Analytical equations for the power losses calculation and the cores design are derived and validated using ANSYS and MATLAB Simulink software packages. Simulation results of the power loss calculation under different operating frequencies and duty cycles are presented and compared with the analytical results. A case study for designing a 1.0 MW, 0.6/18 kV current fed solid-state transformer is presented. The results of two optimisation objectives, minimum power losses or minimum total cores housing volume are also shown.

scholarly journals Application of Solid-State Transformers in a Novel Architecture of Hybrid AC/DC House Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Bignucolo ◽  
Manuele Bertoluzzo
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Solid State Transformers ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Induction Cooking

The ongoing diffusion of solid-state DC/DC converters makes possible a partial migration of electric power systems from the present AC paradigm to a future DC scenario. In addition, the power demand in the domestic environment is expected to grow considerably, for example, due to the progressive diffusion of electric vehicles, induction cooking and heat pumps. To face this evolution, the paper introduces a novel electric topology for a hybrid AC/DC smart house, based on the solid-state transformer technology. The electric scheme, voltage levels and converters types are thoroughly discussed to better integrate the spread of electric appliances, which are frequently based on internal DC buses, within the present AC distribution networks. Voltage levels are determined to guarantee high safety zones with negligible electric risk in the most exposed areas of the house. At the same time, the developed control schemes assure high power quality (voltage stability in the case of both load variations and network perturbations), manage power flows and local resources according to ancillary services requirements and increase the domestic network overall efficiency. Dynamic simulations are performed, making use of DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed distribution scheme for next-generation smart houses under different operating conditions.

Review on the Development of Solid State Transformer

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Bharat Bhushan Khare ◽  
Rajeev Shankar Pathak ◽  
Sanjeev Sharma ◽  
Vinod Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Solid State Transformer ◽  
Solid State Transformers ◽  
Compact Size

According to future renewable electric energy distribution and management (FREEDM) system, solid state transformers play an important role in smart grid technologies. They have several advantages over conventional transformers such as bi-directional power flow, light in weight, compact size, etc. They also compensate the environmental issues which are created due to transformer oil. Because of various advantages over traditional transformer, SST is preferred widely at the present time. So in this chapter, the various architectures, needs, and applications of solid state transformers are discussed. The global market of SST has continuously improved because it has several applications and benefits.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Rice Husk Waste by using Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SSAD) Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 02007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin ◽  
Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Continuous Systems

An effort to obtain alternative energy is still interesting subject to be studied, especially production of biogas from agriculture waste. This paper was an overview of the latest development of biogas researches from rice husk waste by Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SSAD). The main obstacle of biogas production from rice husk waste was the lignin content which is very difficult degraded by microbes. Various pretreatments have been conducted, either physically, chemically as well as biologically. The SSAD method was an attractive option because of the low water content of rice husk waste. The biogas yield by SSAD method gave more attractive result compared to Liquid Anaerobic Digestion (LAD) method. Various studies were still conducted in batch mode laboratory scale and also has not found optimum operating conditions. Research on a larger scale such as bench and pilot scale with continuous systems will be an increase trend in the future research.

Pengaruh penambahan propana dalam bahan bakar terhadap karakteristik sel tunam oksida padat

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Isdiriayani Nurdin ◽  
Astrilia Damayanti ◽  
Ocktavianus Lede M. R. ◽  
Pramujo Widiatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Main Components

AbstractFuel cell is a renewable energy source that does not create any negative effect to the environment. One of the advantage of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is its tolerance to fuel contaminants. This research is aimed to study the effect of propane addition into fuel gas on SOFC'S characters. SOFC tested during this research consists of main components functioned as feed gas distributor, and insulator made of asbestos and C-12 high alumina. SOFC's characters studied in this research including optimum operating conditions, polarization, and expected life time of the cell. The test results show that optimum operating conditions of tested SOFC are 700ºC, 45 mL H/minute and 225 mL air/minute. Cell using 22,2 %-vol propane in the fuel gives a longer lifetime, a smaller maximum current, and a higher voltage efficiency than such using hydrogen only as fuel. Propane concentration in fuel gas up to 22,2 %-vol has not any significant influence to cell voltage. The obtained polarization curve reveals that cell reactions are mass transfer controlled.Keywords: SOFC, Life Time, Polarization, EfficiencyAbstrakSel tunam oksida padat (SOFC) merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan toleran terhadap kontaminan dalam bahan bakar. Tujuan percobaan ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh penambahan propana dalam bahan bakar terhadap karakteristik SOFC. Pada penelitian ini SOFC yang diuji terdiri dari komponen utama sel tipe ASC1 buatan lnDEC B.V,dilengkapi dengan cangkang terbuat dari stainless steel tipe AISI 304, yang merangkap sebagai distributor gas umpan, dan isolator dari bahan asbes serta semen tahan api tipe C-12 high alumina. Karakter SOFC yang dipelajari pada penelitian ini meliputi kondisi operasi optimum, polarisasi, dan umur set. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa operasi SOFC optimal pada temperatur 700ºC dengan laju alir H2, 45 mL/menit dan udara 225 mL/menit. Konsentrasi propana dalam bahan bakar 22,2 %- v memberikan umur sel yang lebih panjang, arus maksimum yang lebih kecil, dan efisiensi tegangan yang lebih besar daripada dengan bahan bakar gas hidrogen saja. Konsentrasi propana dalam gas bahan bakar sampai dengan 22,2 %-v tidak mempengaruhi tegangan sel. Kurva polarisasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa reaksi sel terkendali olehperpindahan  massa.Kata Kunci : SOFC, Umur, Polarisasi, Efisiensi

Eliminating Three-Phase Voltage Unbalance by Using a Solid-State Transformer in Smart Power Supply Grids

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Boris A. Avdeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Solid State Transformer ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Solid State Transformers ◽  
Voltage Unbalance ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Three Phase

The use of nonconventional power supplies featuring unstable quality of the electricity produced and fluctuations in the output power, on the one hand, and the availability of various consumers connected to power supply grids, on the other hand, are factors that give rise to phase unbalances in the grids. These circumstances complicate the operation of smart grids, especially in microgrids. One of possible ways to improve the quality of smart power supply grids is to use a three-stage solid-state transformer with galvanic isolation and two DC links, an arrangement that makes it possible to connect power supply sources and consumers, and to arrange backup storage of electricity in storage batteries. The aim of the study is to analyze the electric power quality at the output of a three-stage solid-state transformer powered by an unbalanced three-phase voltage source. The study was carried out by numerical modeling using the Matlab/Simulink software package. The modeling parameters are given, and the current and voltage waveforms at the solid-state transformer output are obtained. Phasors of the input and output voltages are constructed with expanding them into zero-, positive-, and negative sequence harmonic components. The harmonic distortion coefficients for current and voltage in each phase, and the voltage unbalance coefficients for the zero and negative sequences at the solid-state transformer input and output are determined using the method of symmetric components. It has been shown that by using solid-state transformers it becomes possible to obtain noticeably better quality of electric energy and eliminate the unbalance to the levels stipulated by the relevant state standard. It is shown that solid-state transformers are a promising technology as part of smart power supply grids, which opens the possibility to control and adjust power supply parameters, improve the power supply quality, distribute power flows between the sources and consumers, and integrate DC and AC grids of various voltage and power levels.

Experimental and numerical analysis to identify the performance limiting mechanisms in solid-state lithium cells under pulse operating conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (41) ◽  
pp. 22740-22755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Chin Pang ◽  
Yucang Hao ◽  
Monica Marinescu ◽  
Huizhi Wang ◽  
Mu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lithium Cells

Solid-state lithium batteries could reduce the safety concern due to thermal runaway while improving the gravimetric and volumetric energy density beyond the existing practical limits of lithium-ion batteries.

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