Scope of RF MEMS Technology for Microwave Circuits and Systems

Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has facilitated the need for innovative approaches in the design and development of miniaturized, effective, low-cost radio frequency (RF) microwave circuits and systems. This technology is expected to have significant role in today's 5G applications for the development of reconfigurable architectures. This chapter presents an overview of the evolution of MEMS-based subsystems and devices, especially switches and phased array antennas. This chapter also discusses the key issues in design and analysis of RF MEMS-based devices, particularly with primary emphasis on RF MEMS switches and antennas.

Review on the Development of Solid State Transformer

According to future renewable electric energy distribution and management (FREEDM) system, solid state transformers play an important role in smart grid technologies. They have several advantages over conventional transformers such as bi-directional power flow, light in weight, compact size, etc. They also compensate the environmental issues which are created due to transformer oil. Because of various advantages over traditional transformer, SST is preferred widely at the present time. So in this chapter, the various architectures, needs, and applications of solid state transformers are discussed. The global market of SST has continuously improved because it has several applications and benefits.

Wearable Reconfigurable Antenna

Printed antennas are designed for various applications in recent years. The latest development of antennas are wearable antennas; these wearable antennas are playing a major role in the energy harvesting mechanisms, patient monitoring systems, and military applications. In this chapter a reconfigurable wearable antenna is proposed. Reconfigurable wearable antennas are able to operate in both modes on body and off body. These antennas are reconfigured from one frequency to another frequency depending upon the requirement. Three types of reconfigurable antenna modes are designed and analyzed in the chapter. Frequency reconfiguration with off body mode and on body mode, frequency reconfiguration between inside receiver and outside interrogator, and frequency reconfiguration with different substrate conditions. The choice of frequency bands are WBAN and other wireless application bands. Different switches are used to control the frequencies.

Design and Analysis of Wearable Antennas

This chapter presents the various designing methods and challenges associated with wearable antennas, selecting the designing material, various fabrication techniques, and implementation methods on the fabric. Wearable antennas have gained popularity in recent years due to their unmatched properties and unique features. The wearable antenna is capable of providing effective wireless communication, tracking, and sensing. These types of antenna need to be conformal when used on numerous parts of the human body, and they need to be lightweight, flexible, and must be implemented easily on the flexible material. These antennas must be capable of operating with maximum efficiency on the human body. These requirements make the wearable antenna design challenging. They also need to be compact in size, better in coupling with the body, and must be capable of handling issues associated with the device when the target is moving.

Analysis and Design of Solar Dryer for Forest Produce of Bastar Region in State of Chhattisgarh, India

In the Chhattisgarh state of India, the Bastar region is famous for its various forest produce collected by local inhabitants. These collected forest produce are dried in open sun drying. This chapter presents the design and analysis of solar dryer which is simple in construction and a low-cost dryer. The construction of the solar dryer will be made of galvanized mild steel sheet absorbing the sun's radiation. The hot air will be taken out through a wind turbine ventilator at the top to maintain the required humidity level in the solar dryer. The analysis shows that the temperature inside the solar dryer is evenly distributed. The suggested solar dryer will reduce the drying time of the forest produce.

Design of a New Single Phase 7-Level Reduced Switches Count Multilevel Inverter Topology

This chapter presents a new single-phase multilevel inverter topology. This topology requires fewer components in comparison to conventional multilevel inverter topology such as diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascade h-bridge inverter. In this topology, no extra clamping diode and no extra clamping capacitor are required for operation. This chapter also presents the control and modulation techniques. These techniques applied on this proposed MLI topology and simulation result are calculated with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK software and are compared on the basis of THD with over and under modulation index.

Racket Shape Textile Antenna for Triple-Band Frequency Applications

The chapter explores a racket shaped antenna that operates in triple band frequency configuration. The main advantage of this antenna is that the design uses wearable textile material as a substrate. Here, jeans material is used as a substrate whose dielectric constant is 1.7 and thickness is 1mm. The designing and simulation are done with the help of CST software. The anticipated antenna operates in C-band and X-band providing three resonant frequencies 7.335GHz, 8 GHz, and 8.38 GHz. Different analyses have been done using CST software based on parameters like return loss, radiation pattern, smith chart, polarization, etc. For obtaining the best result, parametric study has also been done by varying the geometry of the design.

A Study of Smart Grid Systems

In the 21st century, energy supply has been one of the challenging issues that the world is facing. This is due to growing populations which results in more homes, businesses, and industries and has resulted in a large number of new appliances that increased the energy demand to a new level. The electric system we are using today is a one-way energy flow. Smart grid has emerged as the solution of continuously increasing demand. It is the future of electric energy system and also the power grid for upcoming generations. SG system works on the dual technique, that is, it counts electricity flow and the information which could deliver and distribute the energy universally by automating the existing electrical network.

Characterization of CH3CH2NH3SnI3/TiO2 Heterojunction

In this chapter, CH3CH2NH3SnI3/TiO2 heterojunction lead-free perovskite solar cell (HLFPSCs) is produced by the deposition of perovskite nanoparticles from a solution of CH3CH2NH3I and SnI3 in γ-hydroxyl butyric acid lactone on a 400 nm nanolayers of TiO2 showing (001) planes. The CH3CH2NH3SnI3 /TiO2 HLFSCs shows remarkable PV performance, with Jsc= 17.05 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.71 V, and FF = 0.61; resultant PCE of 6.5% in standard AM 1.5 G one-sun light intensity and PCE of 7.5% in lower light intensity was reported in this work. The beginning of such a simple solution treated HLFPSCs paves the way to appreciate low-cost, high-efficiency LFPSCs.

Survey on Digital Signal Processing for FMCW Radar

In the ongoing years, the radar innovation, once utilized dominatingly in the military, has begun to rise in various regular citizen applications. One of the regions that this innovation showed up is car automation. The danger of crash is incremented as the quantity of vehicles out. Versatile voyage control, pre-crash, and cautioning are a portion of the utilizations of car radar which are as of now being used in numerous autos. The eventual fate of the car business guarantees to offer a completely self-ruling auto that can drive itself with no driver help. These vehicles will require great radar sensors that can give exact data about the encompassing of the vehicle. These sensors will likewise require a figuring stage that can guarantee constant handling of the received signals. It is discovered that digital signal processing comprises of 3D FFT and framework augmentation handling. As an elective preparing stage, a FPGA/ASIC stage can be utilized to actualize of the calculation to meet the ongoing imperatives of car applications.