scholarly journals Sustainable Water-Energy Nexus towards Developing Countries’ Water Sector Efficiency

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3525
Author(s):  
Helena M. Ramos ◽  
Jorge G. Morillo ◽  
Juan A. Rodríguez Diaz ◽  
Armando Carravetta ◽  
Aonghus McNabola
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Portuguese Water ◽  
Sector Performance

Water management and energy recovery can improve a system’s sustainability and efficiency in a cost-effective solution. This research assesses the renewable energy sources used in the water sector, as well as the related water sector performance indicators within Portuguese water management systems. A deep analysis of 432 water entities in Portugal, based on ERSAR data base, was conducted in order to identify factors to be improved regarding the system efficiency. On the other hand, the potential energy recovery developed in the REDAWN project was also used as a reference for the application of micro hydropower (MHP) solutions in the water sector. A water and energy nexus model was then developed to improve the systems efficiency and sustainability. A real case study in Africa, the Nampula water supply system, located in Mozambique, was selected as a promising potential for energy recovery. The application of a pump-as-turbine (PAT) allows the reduction in system costs and environmental impacts while increasing its efficiency. The proposed MHP has a capacity to generate ~23 MWh/year, providing significant savings. The developed economic analysis indicates the project is profitable, with an IRR ~40% depending on the energy selling price. This project can avoid the emission of more than 12 tCO2 to the atmosphere, and it can help to reduce the system’s real losses by more than 10,000 m3/year. Consequently, it creates a total economic benefit of 7604 EUR/year.

Cost-Effective Water-Energy Nexus: A California Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Cutter ◽  
Ben Haley ◽  
Jim Williams ◽  
C.K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Effective Water

Towards poverty alleviation: the water sector perspectives

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Q.K. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
Process Element

Water and poverty interface in many different ways. Sustainable management (i.e. development, allocation and utilization) of water resources is therefore a process-element of sustainable human development. This paper looks into water-poverty interfaces as well as into approaches to, and tools of, managing water in such a manner that water sector activities can contribute to alleviation of poverty. It gives a southern perspective and includes a case study of the evolving water management regime in Bangladesh.

Regulation performance of public–private partnerships in the Portuguese water sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Cunha Marques ◽  
Hugo Consciência Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Regulatory Structure ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Portuguese Water

Starting from transaction costs (and new institutional economic approaches, this study sought to understand the influence of the regulatory structure and incentives on the performance of public–private partnerships in Portugal. The findings of this case study show that agency participation in the mediation process between parties is time consuming and improper from a technical perspective; in addition, the agency is captured by political interests, which does not favor users’ interests or the sustainability of water services. Thus, the regulatory structure and incentives cannot be dependent on political nominations, and existing contractual rules need to be reassigned.

Evaluation of Water Sector Performance: A Case Study

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banafsheh Zahraie ◽  
Mohammad Karamouz ◽  
Reza Kerachian ◽  
Masoud Asadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Sector ◽  
Sector Performance

Virtual water management and the water–energy nexus: A case study of three Mid-Atlantic states

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Doo Wang ◽  
Jae Seung Lee ◽  
Lawrence Agbemabiese ◽  
Kenneth Zame ◽  
Sung-Goo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Energy Nexus

scholarly journals Can thermal energy recovery from digestate make renewable gas from household waste more cost effective? A case study for the Republic of Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 121198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Singlitico ◽  
Karla Dussan ◽  
Richard O’Shea ◽  
David Wall ◽  
Jamie Goggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic

Water sector performance under scarcity conditions: a case study of Rajasthan, India

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ratna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

This paper makes an attempt to assess the water sector under scarcity conditions in the State of Rajasthan. It adopts the criteria of physical, economic, financial and equity performance across sub-sectors. The assessment brought out clearly that no indicator has shown satisfactory performance in any of the sub-sectors. Though the urban drinking water sector is relatively better in performance, a lot more needs to be done in order to bring it to the threshold level of economic and financial performance. The huge expenditures incurred in this sector are not going towards real investments that would improve the performance of the sector. Despite the fact that the water sector (except groundwater) is in the hands of the government, equity goals are not achieved. An urban and rich bias is prevalent as far as access to water and public distribution of water. Apart from suggesting some short-term measures to meet the immediate demands, this paper argues that institutional reforms are critical for sustainable water resource management under scarcity conditions.

scholarly journals Delphi technique as a consultation method in regulatory impact assessment (RIA) – the Portuguese water sector

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Eustaquio de Carvalho ◽  
Rui Cunha Marques ◽  
Oscar Cordeiro Netto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge ◽  
Portuguese Water ◽  
Regulatory Impact Assessment

This paper explores use of the Delphi technique on regulatory impact assessment (RIA) in order to select criteria as well as to analyze the non-neutrality of stakeholders in the Portuguese case study. Although the decision-making process has been supporting a different prescriptive approach, there is no neutral decision, which can reflect on the (in)efficiency of the government's action. To cope with imperfect knowledge, we have built the link between the objectives from Law no. 194/2009, which determines the regulatory framework in the Portuguese water sector and its potential criteria. Moreover, the elicitation weights for each criterion previously selected were framed in an innovative way, under a different perspective, either customers, municipalities or concessionaires. Evidence advises that there are relevant myopic, omission, splitting, and insensitivity biases for decision analysis, because of the distortion of input. Thus, the Delphi technique enables the decision makers to obtain reliable information before taking a decision. The results in terms of a different perspective for each criterion enable us not only to identify the non-neutrality of decision analysis, but also to (re)think the stakeholder's participation into the context of the Law referred to. Finally, this approach could consolidate our understanding concerning the potentialities of the Delphi technique in RIA, especially in policies with several objectives.

Cost Effective Synthesis and Fabrication of Phase-Pure Kesterite Cu2-xZn1.3SnS4 P-type Absorber Layer Thin Films by Solvent Based Process Technique for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
B. Khadambari ◽  
S. S. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absorber Layer ◽  
Window Layer ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Process Technique ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
P Type

Solar has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. With the push towards sustainability it is an excellent solution to resolve the issue of our diminishing finite resources. Alternative photovoltaic systems are of much importance to utilize solar energy efficiently. The Cu-chalcopyrite compounds CuInS2 and CuInSe2 and their alloys provide absorber material of high absorption coefficients of the order of 105 cm-1. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is more promising material for photovoltaic applications as Zn and Sn are abundant materials of earth’s crust. Further, the preparation of CZTS-ink facilitates the production of flexible solar cells. The device can be designed with Al doped ZnO as the front contact, n-type window layer (e.g. intrinsic ZnO); an n-type thin film buffer layer (e.g. CdS) and a p-type CZTS absorber layer with Molybdenum (Mo) substrate as back contact. In this study, CZTS films were synthesized by a non-vaccum solvent based process technique from a molecular-ink using a non toxic eco-friendly solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The deposited CZTS films were optimized and characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM.

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