scholarly journals Flyback Photovoltaic Micro-Inverter with a Low Cost and Simple Digital-Analog Control Scheme

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4239
Author(s):  
Salam J. Yaqoob ◽  
Adel Obed ◽  
Rana Zubo ◽  
Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir ◽  
Hussein Fadhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
System Component ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Micro Inverter

The single-stage flyback Photovoltaic (PV) micro-inverter is considered as a simple and small in size topology but requires expensive digital microcontrollers such as Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to increase the system efficiency, this would increase the cost of the overall system. To solve this problem, based on a single-stage flyback structure, this paper proposed a low cost and simple analog-digital control scheme. This control scheme is implemented using a low cost ATMega microcontroller built in the Arduino Uno board and some analog operational amplifiers. First, the single-stage flyback topology is analyzed theoretically and then the design consideration is obtained. Second, a 120 W prototype was developed in the laboratory to validate the proposed control. To prove the effectiveness of this control, we compared the cost price, overall system efficiency, and THD values of the proposed results with the results obtained by the literature. So, a low system component, single power stage, cheap control scheme, and decent efficiency are achieved by the proposed system. Finally, the experimental results present that the proposed system has a maximum efficiency of 91%, with good values of the total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to the results of other authors.

scholarly journals An Efficient Grid-tied Flyback Micro-inverter with DCM Control Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Salam Jabr Yaqoob ◽  
Adel A. Obed
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Micro Inverter

In two-stage micro-inverter photovoltaic (PV) applications, DC/DC converter is used to obtain the highest DC power from the PV module. In this type of inverter, the rising of voltage from the PV module to a grid voltage level is limited to a certain value. Moreover, the absence of the isolation between the input and output makes it is less efficient. For these reasons, an efficient single-stage grid-tied flyback PV micro-inverter with discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) control strategy is proposed to feed an alternating current (AC) to the main grid with a lower value of the total harmonic distortion (THD). The control strategy is based on a sine sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique to control the main switch of flyback inverter. Also, a simple perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been presented to obtain the MPP point from the PV module for any environmental conditions. The proposed control was verified using PSIM software and simulation results is obtained. The proposed control is tested under different weather conditions for solar irradiance and temperature, as a result, a pure sin wave current has been injected into the grid with a lower harmonics value. Finally, the small size, low cost and high reliability of single stage flyback micro-inverter is presented without the need for DC/DC converter.

scholarly journals Novel Approach For Minimal Injected Harmonics At Distribution Level – Svc

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
V. Lakshmi Devi ◽  
T. Phanindra
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Cost

Electrical distribution system suffers from various problems like reactive power burden, unbalanced loading, voltage regulation and harmonic distortion. Though DSTATCOMS are ideal solutions for such systems, they are not popular because of the cost and complexity of control involved. Phase wise balanced reactive power compensations are required for fast changing loads needing dynamic power factor correcting devices leading to terminal voltage stabilization. Static Var Compensators (SVCs) remain ideal choice for such loads in practice due to low cost and simple control strategy. These SVCs, while correcting power factor, inject harmonics into the lines causing serious concerns about quality of the distribution line supplies at PCC. This paper proposes to minimize the harmonics injected into the distribution systems by the operation of TSC-TCR type SVC used in conjunction with fast changing loads at LV distribution level. Fuzzy logic system and ANN are going to be used solve this nonlinear problem, giving optimum triggering delay angles used to trigger switches in TCR. The scheme with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is attractive and can be used at distribution level where load harmonics are within limits. Verification of the system and by using mat lab / simulink with proper modeling.

Low cost single stage micro-inverter with MPPT for grid connected applications

Solar Energy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorin Petreuş ◽  
Stefan Daraban ◽  
Ionut Ciocan ◽  
Toma Patarau ◽  
Cristina Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Micro Inverter

Adaptive Control of Structural Acoustics using Intelligent Structures with Embedded Piezoelectric Patches

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1302
Author(s):  
Kougen Ma ◽  
J Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Structural Acoustics ◽  
Intelligent Structures ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Hybrid Adaptive Control ◽  
Adaptive Feedforward

In this paper we focus on the adaptive control of structural acoustics using intelligent structures with embedded piezoelectric (PZT) patches and low cost digital signal processor systems. After a discussion on the adaptive feedforward control scheme, a hybrid adaptive control scheme is proposed, which takes advantage of both feedback control and adaptive feedforward control. The two schemes are realized on a low-cost, small volume, convenient and universal digital signal processing (DSP) board. A carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate with two embedded PZT patches is developed and used in two experiments. The first experiment is adaptive interior noise control using the intelligent plate, in which the adaptive feedforward control scheme is employed. Obvious noise reduction is obtained for constant frequency, swept frequency and varying amplitude harmonic disturbances. The second experiment is adaptive control of sound-induced vibration of the plate, where two embedded PZT patches are used as an actuator and a sensor, respectively, and the hybrid adaptive controller is applied. The full vibration reduction for various harmonic excitations is obtained, verifying the advantage of the hybrid adaptive control. It is demonstrated that active control of structural acoustics can be efficiently achieved by employing intelligent structures, advanced adaptive control schemes and the low-cost DSP board.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Low Cost Analog Feedback Active Noise Cancellation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Noise Cancellation ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Active Noise Cancellation ◽  
Active Noise ◽  
The Cost

Acoustic noise can be reduced by active noise cancellation (ANC) and passive noise cancellation (PNC) algorithm. The PNC can effectively attenuate the noise with high frequency, but not the noise with low frequency. ANC is one of the promising solution to reduce the low frequency noise. Commercial ANC headphones often use the digital signal processor (DSP) to perform the noise cancellation algorithm to cancel the annoying acoustic noise, but the cost is relatively high. A low-cost ANC solution is urgently needed to reduce the acoustic noise. The relationship between the frequency, distance and degree of magnitude of the noise level are also evaluated in this paper.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic flyback micro-inverter with power decoupling technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Salam Jabr ◽  
Adel A. Obed
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Power Fluctuation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Snubber Circuit ◽  
Power Decoupling ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Micro Inverter

This paper proposes a low-cost single-phase micro-inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The lifetime of the conventional flyback micro-inverter is shortened, because lifetime of a large electrolyte capacitor is shortened. For this reason, the need for a large electrolyte capacitor is avoided by proposing power decoupling (PD) circuit. Dual advantages are achieved by proposed circuit, first high-power decoupling with small capacitances and other to protect the main MOSFET from spike voltage stress during turn off time without needing for additional a snubber circuit. Consequently, PD circuit is already used as a snubber circuit to absorb the leakage energy in the transformer which may destroy the switch and thus the voltage spike on the main MOSFET decreased. In addition, operating principle, modes, and control scheme of the proposed micro-inverter are discussed. As the simulation results, the input power ripple of the single-phase power fluctuation is under than 4%, unity power factor (P.F) and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed inverter output current is less than 5%. PSIM tool box is provided to simulate the proposed system and the simulation results are adequate.

scholarly journals Compact Single-Stage Micro-Inverter with Advanced Control Schemes for Photovoltaic Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Geol Choi ◽  
Hyeon-Seok Lee ◽  
Bongkoo Kang ◽  
Su-Chang Lee ◽  
Sang-Jin Yoon
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Interleaved Boost Converter ◽  
Micro Inverter

This paper proposes a grid-connected single-stage micro-inverter with low cost, small size, and high efficiency to drive a 320 W class photovoltaic panel. This micro-inverter has a new and advanced topology that consists of an interleaved boost converter, a full-bridge converter, and a voltage doubler. Variable switching frequency and advanced burst control schemes were devised and implemented. A 320 W prototype micro-inverter was very compact and slim with 60-mm width, 310-mm length, and 30-mm height. In evaluations, the proposed micro-inverter achieved CEC weighted efficiency of 95.55%, MPPT efficiency >95% over the entire load range, and THD 2.65% at the rated power. The proposed micro-inverter is well suited for photovoltaic micro-inverter applications that require low cost, small size, high efficiency, and low noise.

Impact of CHP System Component Efficiencies on the Economic Benefit of CHP Systems Using Spark Spread Analysis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda D. Smith ◽  
Pedro J. Mago ◽  
Nelson Fumo
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
System Component ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Total System ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Chp System ◽  
The Cost

A combined heating and power system (CHP) can take the place of a conventional system with separate heating and power (SHP) where electricity is purchased from the grid. The CHP system provides electrical energy through a prime mover located near the building it serves, and waste heat from this generation is captured and delivered to the building to provide thermal energy. For a CHP system to show an economic advantage over a conventional system, its operating costs must be lower when providing the same amount of thermal energy and electricity that would have come from the SHP system. The spark spread (SS), or price difference between purchased electricity and fuel, is used as a simple indicator as to whether the CHP system is economically viable. Rather than using a single value of SS as a cutoff for viability of the CHP system, a more detailed spark spread expressed in terms of the efficiencies of the CHP system and SHP system components can be used to determine if a CHP system is economically viable. In an initial feasibility study, the calculation of the SS is based on estimates of a number of variables. It is important to assess the likely impact of changes in certain of some of these variables, as such changes can affect the SS calculations. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis to determine the effects of different parameters on the cost ratio which is used to calculate SS, including: reference heating system efficiency, power generation unit (PGU) efficiency and CHP overall system efficiency. Because CHP system efficiency itself is a function of the PGU efficiency as well as the thermal efficiency, these two parts of the total system efficiency are also investigated separately. Since the cost of purchased electricity and fuel varies by geographic region, the required spark spread for a given system may indicate favorable economics for a CHP system in one location while the CHP system shows no potential for savings in another location. Therefore, the sensitivity analysis is considered for three different U.S. locations.

scholarly journals A Low Cost and Fast Cell-to-Cell Balancing Circuit for Lithium-Ion Battery Strings

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van-Long Pham ◽  
Van-Tinh Duong ◽  
Woojin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Cell Balancing

This paper proposes a fast cell-to-cell balancing circuit for lithium-ion battery strings. The proposed method uses only one push-pull converter to transfer energy between high- and low-voltage cells directly for a fast balancing speed. The switch network for selecting a certain pair of cells is implemented using relays to achieve a low cost. The control circuit is composed of a battery-monitoring IC and a digital signal processor (DSP) to monitor the cell voltage and to protect the batteries. In order to prove the validity of the proposed method, a prototype circuit is built with twelve lithium-ion batteries in a string. The experimental results show that it takes only 50 min to balance twelve lithium-ion batteries during the charge with 89.5% maximum efficiency. The outstanding performance of the proposed cell balancing circuit is verified through its comparison with other methods in terms of several factors, such as the balancing time and the implementation cost.

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