scholarly journals Photovoltaic Cleaning Optimization: A Simplified Theoretical Approach for Air to Water Generator (AWG) System Employment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4271
Author(s):  
Lucia Cattani ◽  
Paolo Cattani ◽  
Anna Magrini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
System Size ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Water Amount

Photovoltaic panel efficiency can be heavily affected by soiling, due to dust and other airborne particles, which can determine up to 50% of energy production loss. Generally, it is possible to reduce that impact by means of periodic cleaning, and one of the most efficient cleaning solutions is the use of demineralized water. As pauperization of traditional water sources is increasing, new technologies have been developed to obtain the needed water amount. Water extracted from the air using air to water generator (AWG) technology appears to be particularly suitable for panel cleaning, but its effective employment presents issues related to model selection, determining system size, and energy efficiency. To overcome such issues, the authors proposed a method to choose an AWG system for panel cleaning and to determine its size accordingly, based on a cleaning time optimization procedure and tailored to AWG peculiarities, with an aim to maximize energy production. In order to determine the energy loss due to soiling, a simplified semiempirical model (i.e., the DIrt method) was developed as well. The methodology, which also allows for energy saving due to an optimal cleaning frequency, was applied to a case study. The results show that the choice of the most suitable AWG model could prevent 83% of energy loss related to soling. These methods are the first example of a design tool for panel cleaning planning involving AWG technology.

Promotion of Knowledge and Technology Transfer Towards Innovative Manufacturing Process: Case Study of New Hybrid Coating Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Shinoda ◽  
Hiroaki Noda ◽  
Koichi Ohtomi ◽  
Takayuki Yamada ◽  
Jun Akedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Past Study ◽  
Fine Ceramics

A new, multi-dimensional, additive manufacturing process for fine ceramics was proposed and developed as part of a national project in Japan. The process consists of three-dimensional printing and two-dimensional coating of fine ceramics. A new coating process, hybrid aerosol deposition (HAD), was proposed as the ceramic coating process. The HAD process is a hybrid of aerosol deposition (AD) and plasma spray. Such new technologies, however, usually take a long time to move from first discovery to use in producing a commercial product. For example, a past study showed that it took nearly 15 years from the invention of the AD process to the time it became a technology used at an industrial company. Therefore, it is very important to consider how to accelerate the learning and technological transfer of a new process to industry in addition to how to develop new processes once they emerge. In this study, a new scheme, a coating hub, is proposed to promote the transfer of the HAD process to industrial adoption. In the coating hub, a collaboration scheme for companies to get interest of the technology, even in the early stages of technological development, is considered. Here, needs-seeds matching, reliable relationships, intellectual property, and the generalization of technology are considered. Another important scheme of the coating hub is to try to couple design with manufacturing. Here, product design tools for agile production are provided. In order to attract and evaluate consumers for targeted products, a Kansei delight design based on the Kano model is introduced. A delight map viewer is provided to visualize potential consumers’ delight factors. Detailed planning from the early trial stage is introduced with the viewer. A topology optimization tool is also provided in the coating hub as a design tool. In order to validate this coating hub concept, a ceramic frying pan is designed as a case study. The delight map viewer proves effective for those who are not design professionals to consider the attractiveness of products based on user evaluation. The coupling of the topology optimization tool is also useful for the multidimensional additive manufacturing of ceramics proposed in this study. This case study implies that even a small manufacturer could design a new product by utilizing the coating hub concept. It would give many new opportunities not only to big manufactures interested in high-end business-to-business components but also to supporting industries and even to individuals to utilize new emerging coating technologies.

scholarly journals A Sliding Mode Controller for Boost Inverter Based Power Management System Using Battery and Photovoltaic System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Kumar Dash ◽  
Pradip Kumar Sadhu ◽  
Alok Kumar Shrivastav
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Sliding Mode Controller ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel

Abstract A design tool with appropriate characteristics must be available to support the power management process. A major role of the battery is the Charge State (SOC) or simply the power of the battery measured using the original voltage value. A photovoltaic panel with a 12V DC voltage of 650W is used in this process. The approach is simulation/modeling which aims to improve battery charging process and controlling the power flow using sliding mode controller to enhance the performance. The goal is to research the energy and power loss of a smart battery-buffered load controller (BBSL) when used for the primary frequency controls on demand (PFC). Firstly, the depletion of battery energy arising from the PFC charging and discharge methods is evaluated. This research analyses the influence of PFC droop properties and dead-bands on the energy loss in a Lithium ion battery, by simulation measurements using a single stage BBSL. The model represents a nonlinear current-dependent resistance to the total voltage decrease of the battery. The energy loss simulated as the energy lost in this resistance is thus measured. HPSO-algorithm used in this analysis is one of the photovoltaic models used in photovoltaic systems, with maximum power, and with optimal conditions. The results showed that the battery charging simulation increased by 0.05% every 30 minutes. Furthermore, the simulation validation using Matlab/Simulink is carried out with data in accordance with the prototype design, at an efficiency of 88.4%.

A Case Study of Drawbead Design of a Deep Drawn Rectangular Part Using FEM

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro de Jesu´s Garci´a Zugasti ◽  
Hugo Iva´n Medelli´n Castillo ◽  
Dirk Frederik de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Deep Drawing Process

The deep drawing manufacturing process of sheet metal parts with complex shape has increased recently in applications such as in the automotive industry and the household appliances. The trial and error methods commonly used in defining the process parameters, cause high costs and large development times. The computer assisted analysis and simulations are being used more frequently to reduce the cost and development time of a product. The process parameters can be modified and evaluated using these computer simulations before the production is carried out. Therefore the defects of a part can be identified and eliminated, if possible, without the need of the traditional trial and error methods. This paper presents a case study of an industrial component that presented defects (wrinkles at the corners) in its deep drawing process. To eliminate these defects a drawbead was proposed and its optimal location was established using an optimization procedure based on finite element method (FEM). The FEM simulations were validated by measuring the thickness of the fabricated part. To evaluate the elimination of the wrinkle, the thickness of the sheet metal at the critical area was measured in the FEM simulation and compared with the thickness profile before and after the addition of the drawbeads. The results have shown that the design strategy based on FEM can be effectively used as a design tool to eliminate part defects in rectangular deep drawing process.

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

Paper2Wire – A Case Study of User-Centred Development of Machine Learning Tools for UX Designers

i-com ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Daniel Buschek ◽  
Charlotte Anlauff ◽  
Florian Lachner
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Development Process ◽  
User Study ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
Industry Partner

Abstract This paper reflects on a case study of a user-centred concept development process for a Machine Learning (ML) based design tool, conducted at an industry partner. The resulting concept uses ML to match graphical user interface elements in sketches on paper to their digital counterparts to create consistent wireframes. A user study (N=20) with a working prototype shows that this concept is preferred by designers, compared to the previous manual procedure. Reflecting on our process and findings we discuss lessons learned for developing ML tools that respect practitioners’ needs and practices.

scholarly journals Optimization of Low Head Axial-Flow Turbines for an Overtopping BReakwater for Energy Conversion: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4618
Author(s):  
Antonio Mariani ◽  
Gaetano Crispino ◽  
Pasquale Contestabile ◽  
Furio Cascetta ◽  
Corrado Gisonni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Wave Power Conversion ◽  
And Control

Overtopping-type wave power conversion devices represent one of the most promising technology to combine reliability and competitively priced electricity supplies from waves. While satisfactory hydraulic and structural performance have been achieved, the selection of the hydraulic turbines and their regulation is a complex process due to the very low head and a variable flow rate in the overtopping breakwater set-ups. Based on the experience acquired on the first Overtopping BReakwater for Energy Conversion (OBREC) prototype, operating since 2016, an activity has been carried out to select the most appropriate turbine dimension and control strategy for such applications. An example of this multivariable approach is provided and illustrated through a case study in the San Antonio Port, along the central coast of Chile. In this site the deployment of a breakwater equipped with OBREC modules is specifically investigated. Axial-flow turbines of different runner diameter are compared, proposing the optimal ramp height and turbine control strategy for maximizing system energy production. The energy production ranges from 20.5 MWh/y for the smallest runner diameter to a maximum of 34.8 MWh/y for the largest runner diameter.

Model and optimal operational windows for hydrodynamic fiber fractionation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmid ◽  
Stefan Radl
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Fractionation Model ◽  
Micro Hole ◽  
Fiber Fractionation

AbstractBased on fitted experimental data, an empirical fractionation model for mini-channel hydrodynamic fiber fractionation (miniFrac) is presented. This model, combined with an optimization procedure, is then used as a design tool to synergize competing fractionation performance characteristics, i. e., product quality, product yield and energy demand. Based on this model, miniFrac is compared to state-of-the-art fiber fractionation technology with respect to (i) long fiber-short fiber fractionation and (ii) fines-fiber fractionation. In terms of fines-fiber fractionation, miniFrac is outperformed by typical micro-hole pressure screening regarding the purity of fines fraction. However, a comparison with a slotted (slot width of 0.2 mm) and a smooth-holed pressure screen (hole diameter of 0.8 mm) shows, that miniFrac is capable of outperforming both systems regarding product quality and energy demand at a comparable product yield. If, in the case of fines-fiber fractionation, reject purity (i. e., fines exclusion) is more important than fines purity (i. e., long fiber remain in the reject), miniFrac is an interesting tool with some key advantages over pressure screens.

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