scholarly journals Food Production Security in Times of a Long-Term Energy Shortage Crisis: The Example of Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4725
Author(s):  
Jacek Buko ◽  
Jarosław Duda ◽  
Adam Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Term Energy

In countries with industrialized agriculture, the contribution of fossil energy equals or exceeds the energy provided to society in food. Poland is one of the countries which, in the absence of its own sufficient oil and gas resources, is forced to import these fossil fuels in order to benefit from modern solutions in the field of food production and distribution. This situation poses a serious threat to food security if there is a prolonged shortage of energy from such sources. Using the example of Poland, the following were identified: the causes and level of agricultural dependence on fossil fuels, energy threats to agriculture and energy source alternative to fossil fuels. The results of these considerations indicate that Poland is not a country that has irretrievably lost its ability to restore its food self-sufficiency in the event of loss of access to external sources of fossil fuels.

Am Tropf Russlands? Ein Konzept zur empirischen Messung von Energieversorgungssicherheit

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Frondel ◽  
Christoph M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply Risk ◽  
Statistical Indicator ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Domestic Energy ◽  
Oil Embargo

AbstractAlong with the oil price, concerns about the security of energy supply have soared once again in recent years. Yet, more than 30 years after the OPEC oil embargo in 1973, energy security still remains a diffuse concept. This article conceives a statistical indicator that aims at characterizing the long-term energy supply risk of nations that are heavily dependent on energy imports. Our indicator condenses the bulk of empirical information on the imports of fossil fuels originating from a multitude of export countries as well as data on the indigenous contribution to the domestic energy supply, thereby providing us with a single parameter. Applying the proposed concept to empirical energy data on Germany (1980-2004), we find that the energy supply risk has increased substantially since the 1970s. This outcome is mainly due to the drastic raise of oil and gas imports from Russia.

Saudi Arabia will implement a dual climate policy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Energy Companies

Significance Ahead of COP26, Saudi Arabia announced a Green Initiative and ambitious targets including net-zero carbon emissions by 2060. At the same time, officials are arguing that continued development of oil and gas resources is compatible with pursuing the long-term goal of decarbonisation. Impacts Saudi Arabia may struggle to wean the electricity sector off its near-total reliance on fossil fuels. State-owned firms Aramco and Sabic will seek to develop new revenue streams from technologies that contribute to global decarbonisation. Shareholder pressure on international energy companies may give Aramco a short-term boost, but a supply squeeze risks unsustainable prices.

scholarly journals A Novel Iron Chloride Red-Ox Concentration Flow Cell Battery (ICFB) Concept; Power and Electrode Optimization

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Robert Bock ◽  
Björn Kleinsteinberg ◽  
Bjørn Selnes-Volseth ◽  
Odne Stokke Burheim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Short And Long Term

For renewable energies to succeed in replacing fossil fuels, large-scale and affordable solutions are needed for short and long-term energy storage. A potentially inexpensive approach of storing large amounts of energy is through the use of a concentration flow cell that is based on cheap and abundant materials. Here, we propose to use aqueous iron chloride as a reacting solvent on carbon electrodes. We suggest to use it in a red-ox concentration flow cell with two compartments separated by a hydrocarbon-based membrane. In both compartments the red-ox couple of iron II and III reacts, oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode. When charging, a concentration difference between the two species grows. When discharging, this concentration difference between iron II and iron III is used to drive the reaction. In this respect it is a concentration driven flow cell redox battery using iron chloride in both solutions. Here, we investigate material combinations, power, and concentration relations.

scholarly journals Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Energy Return On Investment

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.

scholarly journals Study on the production and use of biomass energy in the Timis County

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 2434-2440
Author(s):  
CRISTINA BACĂU ◽  
◽  
NICOLETA MATEOC-SÎRB ◽  
RAMONA CIOLAC ◽  
TEODOR MATEOC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Term Energy

The use of renewable energy resources is gaining more and more ground, thanks to the continuous increase in the price of fossil energy and the decrease in stocks, and the management of waste from nuclear energy production, respectively. The implementation of an energy strategy to harness the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) is part of the coordinates of Romania’s medium – and long-term energy development and provides the appropriate framework for the making of decisions on energy alternatives and the inclusion in the Community acquis in the field. In this respect, a study on the biomass potential of Timiş County and on the possibilities of producing unconventional energy from biomass has been carried out. The study is based on research, data collection from the literature, as well as from official documents or official websites, the processing and interpretation of the data and their quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was concluded that biomass is a promising renewable energy source for Romania, both in terms of potential and in terms of usability.

LONG ISLAND POINT FRACTIONATION PLANT FACILITIES LIFE EXTENSION

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
G.R. Keen ◽  
M.G. Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Fractionation Plant ◽  
And Control

ExxonMobil Australia Pty Ltd’s subsidiary, Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd (ExxonMobil), and BHP Billiton jointly own and operate an LPG fractionation facility at Long Island Point, near Hastings in Victoria. This facility began operating in 1970 as part of the overall development of Gippsland oil and gas resources. The facility had a nominal design life of 30 years; however, the facility will be required to operate for many more years, given the significant gas reserves remaining in Bass Strait. A plan was developed to identify and progress plant facility upgrades to ensure continued, safe operation to life end. Nine separate projects with a total value in excess of A$250 million were developed and are now in various stages of progress. The key projects include: refrigerated LPG storage tank refurbishment, fire system upgrade, a new control room and control system, and plant emergency shutdown system upgrades. These projects focus on achieving high standards of safe operations and long-term reliability through application of advances in technology to ready the facilities for their remaining life.

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR THE EAST ASIA/PACIFIC REGION: IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTRALIAN OIL AND GAS EXPLORERS AND PRODUCERS

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
N.G. Grollman
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Resource Limitations

The oil and gas reserves of Australia and the East Asian region fall well short of the region's long-term requirements, even for a scenario that phases out all fossil fuels by the end of the 21st century. There is, therefore, no contradiction between vigorous exploration for oil and gas and the process of transition to renewable energy sources. However, to be an independent player in environmental policy-making, the Australian petroleum exploration industry should focus on its particular role within the energy sector as a whole, whose nature will change radically over the next several decades. This role will combine concerns over long term oil supply security with, in particular, the objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas consumption to levels commensurate with Australia's international obligations. The role extends to Australian involvement in the region as a whole through the accrual of emissions credits from projects implemented jointly with developing countries. It also envisages that Australian explorers, especially those focussed on gas, will form alliances with downstream companies, power generators, appliance manufacturers and energy marketers as links in an integrated chain of operations with value added and emissions reduced at each stage. This re-orientation should lead the industry to question the extent to which its interests correspond with those of the coal and mineral industries, which do not face the same resource limitations.

Solid fossil fuels: Major long-term energy resource

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Term Energy

Neither oil nor coal demand is likely to peak by 2040

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
First Time

Subject Long-term energy markets outlook. Significance The International Energy Agency (IEA) has upgraded its forecast for total primary energy demand (TPED) to 2040 for the first time since it began projecting this far out in 2014. Impacts The IEA’s belief that the world is on an environmentally unsustainable path will bolster decarbonisation efforts nationally and globally. The IEA does not see oil demand peaking by 2040; this and gas’s growing share of global demand will help sustain oil and gas investment. China and India switching from coal to gas will reduce coal’s share of energy demand even though India’s official targets are optimistic.

Exploration Drilling in Remote Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawaz A. Aziz AlKhunaizi ◽  
Muni Shankar Prudhvi ◽  
Anwar Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Exploration Drilling ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract In order to meet the country's future energy requirements, and in particular the increased demand for electricity and water in addition to major industrial growth, Bahrain's National Oil and Gas Authority (NOGA) has taken the strategic decision to import Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to supplement existing local gas supplies as a long term energy policy. NOGA and the National Oil and Gas Holding Company B.S.C (c) (NH) signed project agreements in 2015 for the development of an LNG Receiving and Regasification Terminal in the Kingdom of Bahrain with an international consortium. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on this ‘first-of-its-kind’ project development in the Kingdom of Bahrain in order to highlight (i) the challenges and management of such challenges, (ii) the ultimate project/operational objectives and successful results, and (iii) lessons learnt.

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