scholarly journals Real Drive Truth Test of the Toyota Yaris Hybrid 2020 and Energy Analysis Comparison with the 2017 Model

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8032
Author(s):  
Fabio Orecchini ◽  
Adriano Santiangeli ◽  
Fabrizio Zuccari ◽  
Adriano Alessandrini ◽  
Fabio Cignini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Transmission ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Technical Control ◽  
New Generation

This paper presents the performance analysis of a latest-generation hybrid vehicle (Toyota Yaris 2020) with a testing campaign in real road conditions and a comparison with the previous model (Toyota Yaris 2017). The study was conducted by applying the Real Drive Truth Test protocol, developed by the research group, validated and spread to other full hybrid vehicles: Toyota Prius IV (2016) and Toyota Yaris 2017 (2017). In the case of the 2020 tests, the co-presence on board—deemed unsafe in the usual ways given the ongoing pandemic—was achieved through precise and sophisticated remote control. An on-board diagnostic computer, video transmission and recording equipment guarantee the virtual co-presence of a technical control room and a driver. Thus, several engineers can follow and monitor each vehicle via a 4G modem (installed in each vehicle), analysing data, route and driver behaviour in real-time, and therefore even in the presence of a single occupant in the car under test. The utmost attention has also been paid to adopting anti-COVID behaviours and safety standards: limited personal interactions, reduced co-presence in shared rooms (especially in the control room), vehicle sanitising between different drivers, computers and technicians and video technicians working once at a time. The comparison between the two subsequent vehicle models shows a significant improvement in the performance of the new generation Yaris, both in terms of operation in ZEV (zero-emission vehicle) mode (+15.3%) and in terms of consumption (−35.1%) and overall efficiency of the hybrid powertrain (+8.2%).

scholarly journals Development of Hybrid Vehicle Energy Consumption Model for Transportation Applications—Part II: Traction Force-Speed Based Energy Consumption Modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriorn Pitanuwat ◽  
Hirofumi Aoki ◽  
Satoru IIzuka ◽  
Takayuki Morikawa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Mode Transition ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Consumption Model ◽  
Energy Consumption Modeling

In the transportation sector, the fuel consumption model is a fundamental tool for vehicles’ energy consumption and emission analysis. Over the past decades, vehicle-specific power (VSP) has been enormously adopted in a number of studies to estimate vehicles’ instantaneous driving power. Then, the relationship between the driving power and fuel consumption is established as a fuel consumption model based on statistical approaches. This study proposes a new methodology to improve the conventional energy consumption modeling methods for hybrid vehicles. The content is organized into a two-paper series. Part I captures the driving power equation development and the coefficient calibration for a specific vehicle model or fleet. Part II focuses on hybrid vehicles’ energy consumption modeling, and utilizes the equation obtained in Part I to estimate the driving power. Also, this paper has discovered that driving power is not the only primary factor that influences hybrid vehicles’ energy consumption. This study introduces a new approach by applying the fundamental of hybrid powertrain operation to reduce the errors and drawbacks of the conventional modeling methods. This study employs a new driving power estimation equation calibrated for the third generation Toyota Prius from Part I. Then, the Traction Force-Speed Based Fuel Consumption Model (TFS model) is proposed. The combination of these two processes provides a significant improvement in fuel consumption prediction error compared to the conventional VSP prediction method. The absolute maximum error was reduced from 57% to 23%, and more than 90% of the predictions fell inside the 95% confidential interval. These validation results were conducted based on real-world driving data. Furthermore, the results show that the proposed model captures the efficiency variation of the hybrid powertrain well due to the multi-operation mode transition throughout the variation of the driving conditions. This study also provides a supporting analysis indicating that the driving mode transition in hybrid vehicles significantly affects the energy consumption. Thus, it is necessary to consider these unique characteristics to the modeling process.

scholarly journals Efficient Estimator of Rotor Temperature Designing for Electric and Hybrid Powertrain Platform

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Tuan-Vu Tran ◽  
Edouard Nègre
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Rotor Cage ◽  
Time Motor ◽  
Rotation Component

This paper presents an efficient method of estimation of rotor cage temperature for induction machine design, applied for electric and hybrid vehicles. This factor influences the torque produced by the induction machine with a field-oriented control algorithm. Equipping sensors to measure the temperature of a rotation component is expensive and is not representative of mass production. The approach of estimation of rotor cage temperature is based on the good knowledge of motor parameters and the estimation of the flux of the machine. For an accuracy inductance taking account of the saturation, the no-load test can be performed. The machine flux will be estimated taking account of the voltage drop of the system on the test-bench. The rapid prototyping in a real-time motor control platform will be presented that integrates this estimator of rotor temperature. We finally show the experimental testing results compared to the measurement of the rotor cage on a prototype asynchronous low-cost motor designing for battery electric city cars.

On the Safety of Agricultural Disc Mowers

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis B. Brickman
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Ground Clearance ◽  
Safety Strategies

Abstract A thrown object test protocol was developed and performed based on agricultural rotary mower safety standards to analyze the safety of an agricultural disc mower. Test results reveal a relationship between the guard to ground clearance and the quantity of thrown objects striking the operator zone target. Application of the Safety Hierarchy systematically explores safety strategies for mitigating the thrown object danger.

The Impact on Safety of Computerized Control Room in Nuclear Power Plants: The French Experience on Human Factors with N4 Series

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 815-818
Author(s):  
Daniel Tasset ◽  
Jean-Paul Labarthe
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
Control Room ◽  
French Experience ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

The French N4 reactor series is the new generation of reactors in France. One of its innovations consists in a computerized man-machine operating system, that has some impact on operation in normal as well as in incident and accident situation. This paper describes how human factors aspects are taken into account during the safety assessment and approval process, and what main lessons can be gained from this experience as regards human factors and safety in the design and evaluation of a computerized control room.

scholarly journals Comparing Fuel Consumption and Emission Levels of Hybrid Powertrain Configurations and a Conventional Powertrain in Varied Drive Cycles and Degree of Hybridization

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
W. U. Maddumage ◽  
K. Y. Abeyasighe ◽  
M. S. M. Perera ◽  
R. A. Attalage ◽  
P. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Powertrain Configuration ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

Hybrid electric powertrains in automotive applications aim to improve emissions and fuel economy with respect to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Variety of design scenarios need to be addressed in designing a hybrid electric vehicle to achieve desired design objectives such as fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions. The work in this paper presents an analysis of the design objectives for an automobile powertrain with respect to different design scenarios, i. e. target drive cycle and degree of hybridization. Toward these ends, four powertrain configuration models (i. e. internal combustion engine, series, parallel and complex hybrid powertrain configurations) of a small vehicle (motorized three wheeler) are developed using Model Advisor software and simulated with varied drive cycles and degrees of hybridization. Firstly, the impact of vehicle power control strategy and operational characteristics of the different powertrain configurations are investigated with respect to exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption. Secondly, the drive cycles are scaled according to kinetic intensity and the relationship between fuel consumption and drive cycles is assessed. Thirdly, three fuel consumption models are developed so that fuel consumption values for a real-world drive cycle may be predicted in regard to each powertrain configuration. The results show that when compared with a conventional powertrain fuel consumption is lower in hybrid vehicles. This work led to the surprisingly result showing higher CO emission levels with hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, fuel consumption of all four powertrains showed a strong correlation with kinetic intensity values of selected drive cycles. It was found that with varied drive cycles the average fuel advantage for each was: series 23 %, parallel 21 %, and complex hybrids 33 %, compared to an IC engine powertrain. The study reveals that performance of hybrid configurations vary significantly with drive cycle and degree of hybridization. The paper also suggests future areas of study.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics of Underwater «Physical Explosion»

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Gulenko Vladimir Ivanovich ◽  
Zakharchenko Evgenia Ivanovna
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Waves ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Electronic Computing ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
New Generation

The modern scientific and technological revolution has led to profound changes in the technique and technology of marine seismic research, ensuring an increase in labor productivity, a significant increase in the volume of work, as well as an increase in their efficiency. At the same time, along with the use of floating piezoelectric seismograph, digital recording equipment, modern electronic computing equipment and more accurate satellite navigation systems, one of the important factors that contributed to improving the efficiency of seismic exploration was the introduction of a new generation of seismic signal excitation devices – non-explosive sources – into the practice of marine seismic research. Of these, the most widely used in seismic exploration in water areas around the world are pneumatic sources, in which elastic waves are excited by underwater exhaust of compressed air.

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