scholarly journals Inducing Plant Defense Reactions in Tobacco Plants with Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Red Maple Leaves: A Characterization of Main Active Ingredients

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Peghaire ◽  
Samar Hamdache ◽  
Antonin Galien ◽  
Mohamad Sleiman ◽  
Alexandra ter Halle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Glucose Assay ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Plant Assays

Red maple leaf extracts (RME) were tested for their plant defense inducer (PDI) properties. Two extracts were obtained and compared by different approaches: RME1 using ethanol–water (30–70%, v/v, 0.5% HCl 1N) and RME2 using pure water. Both extracts titrated at 1.9 g L−1 in polyphenols and infiltrated into tobacco leaves efficiently induced hypersensitive reaction-like lesions with topical accumulation of auto-fluorescent compounds noted under UV and scopoletin titration assays. The antimicrobial marker PR1, β−1,3-glucanase PR2, chitinase PR3, and osmotin PR5 target genes were all upregulated in tobacco leaves following RME1 treatment. The alkaline hydrolysis of RME1 and RME2 combined with HPLC titration of gallic acid revealed that gallate functions were present in both extracts at levels comprised between 185 and 318 mg L−1. HPLC-HR-MS analyses and glucose assay identified four gallate derivatives consisting of a glucose core linked to 5, 6, 7, and 8 gallate groups. These four galloyl glucoses possessed around 46% of total gallate functions. Their higher concentration in RME suggested that they may contribute significantly to PDI activity. These findings define the friendly galloyl glucose as a PDI and highlight a relevant methodology for combining plant assays and chemistry process to their potential quantification in crude natural extracts.

Growth abnormalities in microorganisms exposed to tobacco leaf extracts

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1619-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ghabrial
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Extract Medium ◽  
Tobacco Extract ◽  
Growth Abnormalities

Unusual cultural changes were observed when several bacterial and yeast strains were grown on a medium containing aqueous extracts of tobacco leaves. In 24–48 h incubation on such a medium, several dark-brown papilla-like structures developed on the surface of normally smooth colonies. Moreover, smaller dark-brown refractile globular bodies were observed in the medium in areas beneath and surrounding the microbial colonies with papilla-like structures. Attempts to demonstrate the viability of these globular bodies failed. The cultural abnormalities observed on tobacco extract medium were unique to this medium since they were not detected in a wide variety of culture media tested. The lowest concentration of tobacco extract (dry wt. basis), which is required for the development of this phenomenon, was determined to be 0.5 mg/ml of medium.

scholarly journals Flagellin Glycosylation Island in Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and Its Role in Host Specificity

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (22) ◽  
pp. 6658-6665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasumi Takeuchi ◽  
Fumiko Taguchi ◽  
Yoshishige Inagaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Toyoda ◽  
Tomonori Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Flagellin Glycosylation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT The deduced amino acid sequences of the flagellins of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and P. syringae pv. glycinea are identical; however, their abilities to induce a hypersensitive reaction are clearly different. The reason for the difference seems to depend on the posttranslational modification of the flagellins. To investigate the role of this posttranslational modification in the interactions between plants and bacterial pathogens, we isolated genes that are potentially involved in the posttranslational modification of flagellin in P. syringae pv. glycinea (glycosylation island); then defective mutants with mutations in these genes were generated. There are three open reading frames in the glycosylation island, designated orf1, orf2, and orf3. orf1 and orf2 encode putative glycosyltransferases, and mutants with defects in these open reading frames, Δorf1 and Δorf2, secreted nonglycosylated and slightly glycosylated flagellins, respectively. Inoculation tests performed with these mutants and original nonhost tobacco leaves revealed that Δorf1 and Δorf2 could grow on tobacco leaves and caused symptom-like changes. In contrast, these mutants failed to cause symptoms on original host soybean leaves. These data indicate that putative glycosyltransferases encoded in the flagellin glycosylation island are strongly involved in recognition by plants and could be the specific determinants of compatibility between phytopathogenic bacteria and plant species.

scholarly journals Alkyl gallates display elicitor activities in tobacco plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Goupil ◽  
Razik Benouaret ◽  
Claire Richard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
List Type ◽  
Ethyl Gallate ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Alkyl Gallates

AbstractAlkyl gallates showed elicitor activities on tobacco in both whole plants and cell suspensions. Methyl gallate (MG), ethyl gallate (EG) and n-propyl gallate (PG) infiltration into tobacco leaves induced hypersensitive reaction-like lesions and topical production of autofluorescent compounds revealed under UV light. When sprayed on tobacco plants at 5 mM, EG promoted upregulation of defence-related genes such as the antimicrobial PR1, β-1,3-glucanase PR2, chitinase PR3 and osmotin PR5 target genes. Tobacco BY-2 cells challenged with EG underwent cell death in 48 h, significantly reduced in the presence of the protease inhibitor aprotinin. The three alkyl gallates all caused alkalinisation of the BY-2 extracellular medium, whereas gallic acid did not trigger any pH variation. Using EGTA or LaCl3, we showed that Ca2+ mobilisation occurred in BY-2 cells elicited with EG. Overall, our findings are the first evidence of alkyl gallate elicitor properties with early perception events on plasma membrane, potential hypersensitive reactions and PR-related downstream defence responses in tobacco.Highlights–Alkyl gallates elicited defence reactions in tobacco–Alkyl gallates induced local biochemical changes in tobacco leaves–Alkyl gallates caused modification of plasma membrane properties–Ethyl gallate led to defence transcript accumulation and dose-dependent cell death associated with hypersensitive response–Alkyl gallates are novel elicitor agents well-suited to crop protection schemes.

Störung des Nachweises der Ribonucleinsäure-Polymerase in Tabakblättern durch eine Nucleosidase

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Heisenberg ◽  
G. Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Kinase A

An enzymatic degradation of ATP, ADP, AMP to adenine was observed in tobacco leaves. This enzymatic activity was concentrated 130 fold. 14C-adenine can interfere with the determination of polymerase by adsorption to filters and bentonite. The degradation of ATP can be avoided by addition of phosphorenol pyruvate and kinase. A weak polymerase activity was found to be associated with particles in leaf extracts, but was not found in the supernatant.

scholarly journals Mutants of Tobacco mosaic virus with Temperature-Sensitive Coat Proteins Induce Heat Shock Response in Tobacco Leaves

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 914-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Jockusch ◽  
Christiane Wiegand ◽  
Birgit Mersch ◽  
Daniela Rajes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Shock Proteins

We analyzed, with respect to heat shock proteins (HSPs), systemically reacting tobacco leaves inoculated with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), wild-type vulgare, and temperature-sensitive coat protein (CP) mutants Ni 118 (P20L) and flavum (D19A), kept at 23 or 30°C. HSP18 and HSP70 mRNAs and proteins were induced with temperature-sensitive CP mutants after 1 to 2 days at 30°C. After 4 to 6 days, HSP70 was also induced at 23°C. The induction of HSPs paralleled the amount of insoluble TMV CP in leaf extracts, indicating that denatured TMV CP by itself induces a heat-shock response.

Ammonia as a necrotoxin in the hypersensitive reaction caused by bacteria in tobacco leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lovrekovich ◽  
H. Lovrekovich ◽  
R. N. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Tobacco Leaves

Tobacco leaves inoculated with 108 cells/ml of the incompatible bacteria Pseudomonas pisi, P. syringae, P. lachrymans, or Erwinia amylovora developed hypersensitive tissue necrosis, on the first day after inoculation. Similar tissue necrosis developed on the leaves inoculated with the compatible bacterium P. tabaci on the second day. By the time the symptoms developed ammonia gas had evolved from the inoculated leaves. Tissue necrosis caused by bacteria could be reproduced by exposing healthy tobacco leaves to ammonia gas. The amount of ammonia evolved during the development of either the hypersensitive reactions or the disease was enough to account for the formation of tissue necrosis in tobacco.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document