scholarly journals Inferring the Phylogeny and Divergence of Chinese Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau by Reduced Representation Sequencing

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Heng Liang ◽  
Jiabin Deng ◽  
Gang Gao ◽  
Chunbang Ding ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
High Quality Snps ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Reduced Representation Sequencing

Clarifying the genetic relationship and divergence among Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) species around the world is intractable, especially among the species located in China. In this study, Reduced Representation Sequencing (RRS), as one of the next generation sequences, has been applied to infer large scale genotyping of major Chinese Curcuma species which present little differentiation of morphological characteristics and genetic traits. The 1295 high-quality SNPs (reduced-filtered SNPs) were chosen from 997,988 SNPs of which were detected from the cleaned 437,061 loci by RRS to investigate the phylogeny and divergence among eight major Curcuma species locate in the Hengduan Mountains of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China. The results showed that all the population individuals were clustered together within species, and species were obviously separated; the clustering results were recovered in PCA (Principal Component Analysis); the phylogeny was (((((C. Phaeocaulis, C. yunnanensis), C. kwangsiensis), (C. amarissima, C. sichuanensis)), C. longa), (C. wenyujin, C. aromatica)); Curcuma in China originated around ~7.45 Mya (Million years ago) in the Miocene, and interspecific divergence appeared at ca. 4–2 Mya, which might be sped up rapidly along with the third intense uplift of QTP.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Variability of Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability in the Largest Water Tower Region Globally

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7529
Author(s):  
Siqi Sun ◽  
Yihe Lü ◽  
Da Lü ◽  
Cong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Restoration Planning ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Forests are critical ecosystems for environmental regulation and ecological security maintenance, especially at high altitudes that exhibit sensitivity to climate change and human activities. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—the world’s largest water tower region—has been breeding many large rivers in Asia where forests play important roles in water regulation and water quality improvement. However, the vulnerability of these forest ecosystems at the regional scale is still largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this research is to quantitatively assess the temporal–spatial variability of forest vulnerability on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to illustrate the capacity of forests to withstand disturbances. Geographic information system (GIS) and the spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) were used to develop a forest vulnerable index (FVI) to assess the vulnerability of forest ecosystems. This research incorporates 15 factors covering the natural context, environmental disturbances, and socioeconomic impact. Results indicate that the measure of vulnerability was unevenly distributed spatially across the study area, and the whole trend has intensified since 2000. The three factors that contribute the most to the vulnerability of natural contexts, environmental disturbances, and human impacts are slope aspect, landslides, and the distance to the farmland, respectively. The vulnerability is higher in forest areas with lower altitudes, steeper slopes, and southerly directions. These evaluation results can be helpful for forest management in high altitude water tower regions in the forms of forest conservation or restoration planning and implementation towards sustainable development goals.

Eunotia (Bacillariophyta) biodiversity from high altitude, freshwater habitats in the Mugecuo Scenic Area, Sichuan Province, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 394 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEN LUO ◽  
QINGMIN YOU ◽  
PAN YU ◽  
WANTING PANG ◽  
QUANXI WANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
The Sichuan Basin ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Mugecuo Scenic Area is located in the northern Hengduan Mountains between the Sichuan Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and has a subtropical humid monsoon climate. The area is at an altitude of 2600–3800 m above sea level (asl), with water originating mostly from melting mountain snow. In the region, a total of 20 Eunotia species have been identified, including two new species: E. mugecuo sp. nov., consisting of valves arched, clavate, ends broadly rounded, and terminal raphe fissures at the junction between valve face and mantle. The other newly-identified species is classified named as E. filiformis sp. nov., consisting of valves gently bent, ends not noticeably or only slightly inflated, broadly rounded, with external terminal raphe fissures curving in an angle of 180° back from apical nodules. Five newly recorded species have been identified in China, including E. odebrechtiana, E. michaelis, E. pomeranica, E. pseudogroenlandica and E. superpaludosa. Here, we discuss the new species and new taxon records through light and scanning microscopic documentation of valve morphology, along with key internal and external valve characteristics, and analyze the distribution of Eunotia in the Mugecuo Scenic Area.

Variation in main morphological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa plants in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
梁坤伦 LIANG Kunlun ◽  
姜文清 JIANG Wenqing ◽  
周志宇 ZHOU Zhiyu ◽  
郭霞 GUO Xia ◽  
李晓忠 LI Xiaozhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Amorpha Fruticosa ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

scholarly journals Complex Principal Component Analysis of Mass Balance Change on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingang Zhan ◽  
Hongling Shi ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Yixin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Indian Monsoon ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract. Abstract. This paper analyzes the spatial characteristics of mass balance change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas, using 153 monthly solutions of temporal gravity data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(in this case GRACE) satellite. Spatial mode characteristics and phase information of mass balance change are analyzed using complex principal component analysis (in this case CPCA). Information on time-frequency change of major components is analyzed using the wavelet amplitude-period spectrum. The results show that the mass balance change on the plateau is influenced by various atmospheric circulations and there are obvious systemic differences, namely, glacial fluctuation of the Himalayas area was mainly influenced by the weakening Indian monsoon, El Niño and East Asian monsoon. There were drastic changes of glacier mass gain and loss balance. Apart from the Indian monsoon and El Niño affected on mass balance in inland areas of the plateau, the northern parts of the plateau was also affected by the westerlies and there was a positive mass balance, with mass gain exceeding loss. The Pamirs and the Karakoram Range areas are influenced not only by the Indian monsoon and westerlies but also by the climate change of El Niño and La Niña, and mass change shows a weak mass balanced. The major influence on the change of mass balance on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was the weakening Indian monsoon, which was responsible for 54.0 % of that change. Because El Niño is strengthening, it has recently become the second major factor affecting the change of mass balance, responsible for 16.3 % of that change. The third major influence was the westerlies and of La Niña-related climate change, accounting for 5.6 % of the mass balance change.

scholarly journals Integrated Assessments of Meteorological Hazards across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10402
Author(s):  
Shao Sun ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yuanxin Xu ◽  
Ruyue Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
The South ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Meteorological Hazards ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
South Tibet

Recent decades have witnessed accelerated climate changes across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and elevated socioeconomic exposure to meteorological hazards. The QTP is called the “the third pole”, exerting remarkable impact on environmental changes in its surrounding regions. While few reports are available for addressing multi-hazard risks over the QTP, we develop an integrated indicator system involving multiple meteorological hazards, i.e., droughts, rainstorms, snowstorms and hailstorms, investigating the spatiotemporal patterns of major hazards over the QTP. The hazard zones of droughts and rainstorms are identified in the southern Gangdise Mountains, the South Tibet Valley, the eastern Nyenchen-Tanglha Mountains, the Hengduan Mountains and West Sichuan Basin. Snowstorm hazard zones distribute in the Himalayas, the Bayan Har Mountains and the central Nyenchen-Tanglha Mountains, while hailstorm hazard zones cluster in central part of the QTP. Since the 21st century, intensified rainstorms are detectable in the densely populated cities of Xining and Lhasa and their adjacent areas, while amplified droughts are observed in grain production areas of the South Tibet Valley and the Hengduan Mountains. Snowstorm hazards show large interannual variations and an increase in pastoral areas, although the overall trend is declining slightly. The frequency of hailstorms gradually decreases in human settlements due to thermal and landscape effects. Mapping meteorological hazards regionalization could help to understand climate risks in the QTP, and provide scientific reference for human adaptation to climate changes in highly sensitive areas.

scholarly journals Large‐scale distribution of bacterial communities in the Qaidam Basin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xing ◽  
Qing‐bo Gao ◽  
Fa‐qi Zhang ◽  
Jiu‐li Wang ◽  
Shi‐long Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

scholarly journals Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of Parnassius Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Chengyong Su ◽  
Tingting Xie ◽  
Yunliang Wang ◽  
Chengcai Si ◽  
Luyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
High Altitude Adaptation ◽  
Time Calibration ◽  
Altitude Adaptation ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The early evolutionary pattern and molecular adaptation mechanism of alpine Parnassius butterflies to high altitudes in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are poorly understood up to now, due to difficulties in sampling, limited sequence data, and time calibration issues. Here, we present large-scale transcriptomic datasets of eight representative Parnassius species to reveal the phylogenetic timescale and potential genetic basis for high-altitude adaptation with multiple analytic strategies using 476 orthologous genes. Our phylogenetic results strongly supported that the subgenus Parnassius formed a well-resolved basal clade, and the subgenera Tadumia and Kailasius were closely related in the phylogenetic trees. In addition, molecular dating analyses showed that the Parnassius began to diverge at about 13.0 to 14.3 million years ago (middle Miocene), correlated with their hostplant’s spatiotemporal distributions, as well as geological and palaeoenvironmental changes of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Moreover, the accelerated evolutionary rate, candidate positively selected genes and their potentially functional changes were detected, probably contributed to the high-altitude adaptation of Parnassius species. Overall, our study provided some new insights into the spatiotemporally evolutionary pattern and high altitude adaptation of Parnassius butterflies from the extrinsic and intrinsic view, which will help to address evolution, biodiversity, and conservation questions concerning Parnassius and other butterfly species.

Changes in vegetation composition and plant diversity with rangeland degradation in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Tang ◽  
Shikui Dong ◽  
Ruth Sherman ◽  
Shiliang Liu ◽  
Quanru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Rangeland Degradation ◽  
Alpine Steppe ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The changes in vegetation composition and plant diversity of three different alpine ecosystems: alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert, impacted by different levels of degradation (healthy, lightly degraded and moderately degraded) were examined across a large-scale transect on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The alpine meadow was dominated by sedges, the alpine steppe was dominated by grasses and the alpine desert was dominated by shrubs. The alpine meadow had the highest species diversity, whereas the alpine steppe had the lowest and tended to be dominated by a few species. Forbs were the dominant and most diverse functional group in the alpine meadow and the alpine steppe, which was different from the alpine desert. The importance values of the dominant species and levels of diversity measured by various vegetation indices were only slightly different in the degraded sites as compared with the non-degraded alpine meadow and steppe, whereas the alpine desert showed large changes in the composition and diversity of the plant community in response to degradation. In conclusion, the plant composition of the alpine meadow and alpine steppe ecosystems was more stable and appeared more resistant to disturbance than that of the alpine desert ecosystem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document