scholarly journals Forest Regeneration Patterns Differ Considerably between Sites with and without Windthrow Wood Logging in the High Tatra Mountains

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Vladimír Šebeň ◽  
Katarína Merganičová
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Disturbance Management ◽  
The Impact

Our research focused on the impact of post-disturbance management on the subsequent forest stands in the territory of the High Tatra Mts. situated in the northern part of Slovakia. The field work was carried out within the post-disturbance area in 2019, i.e., 15 years after the windstorm. In total, we used data from 80 monitoring plots (MP): 40 plots situated inside the managed part and 40 in the unmanaged areas. Post-disturbance management specifically consisted of logging of wind-thrown wood; therefore, the main difference between the two areas (salvaged versus unsalvaged) was the amount of coarse woody debris (CWD) left on site. We focused on the characteristics of newly regenerated forest stands: the number of trees and tree species per MP, tree height and browsing (mostly by red deer, Cervus elaphus) were recorded as was their growth substrate, i.e., soil or CWD. Higher tree densities, larger trees as well as higher tree species richness were found at salvaged plots. In addition, more evident dominance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) was recorded at unsalvaged plots. Common rowans (Sorbus aucuparia L.) were frequent at both plot types. Birch trees (Betula sp.) were very frequent at salvaged plots, while only a few birch individuals were recorded at unsalvaged ones. The proportion of trees growing on CWD was 15% at unsalvaged and 3% at salvaged plots. Trees growing on the soil contained nearly double the aboveground biomass than those on CWD. Red deer browsing was approximately two times more frequent at salvaged than unsalvaged plots. While rowan was extremely prone to browsing, spruce was damaged negligibly. These main findings could have two contradictory conclusions, the positive one being that differentiated post-disturbance management within a certain area can combine both forestry and nature conservation interests. Moreover, it can generate parallel forests with different properties that might positively influence the future stability of forest ecosystems as a whole. The negative side might be that contrasting post-disturbance management can cause an uneven distribution of red deer population and intensive browsing in areas favourable for game.

scholarly journals Bark stripping damage by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the fenced rearing centre “Lomnicka Reka“

2012 ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Gacic ◽  
Milorad Danilovic ◽  
Goran Zubic ◽  
Predrag Cirovic
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Broadleaf Tree

Bark stripping damage is a serious problem in some forest hunting grounds in Serbia. This study aimed at assessing the incidence and intensity of bark stripping by red deer in the fenced rearing centre ?Lomnicka Reka? (Mt. Veliki Jastrebac, central Serbia). The data were collected by detailed surveying of the entire rearing centre over spring and autumn 2008, 2009 and 2010. Our results show that, in spring and summer, it is exclusively broadleaf tree species that are bark stripped by red deer, mainly beech (86.3% or 536 trees) and hornbeam (10.1% or 63 trees). The incidence and intensity of bark stripping were the highest in the diameter class of 20-39.9 cm. Damaged trees were identified in all parts of the rearing centre, at all aspects and at different slopes. Beech bark was stripped over the period May-August, with the focus in June or July.

scholarly journals Rainfall decrease and red deer rutting behaviour: Weaker and delayed rutting activity though higher opportunity for sexual selection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244802
Author(s):  
Marina F. Millán ◽  
Juan Carranza ◽  
Javier Pérez-González ◽  
Juliana Valencia ◽  
Jerónimo Torres-Porras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Hispanicus ◽  
Iberian Red Deer ◽  
Rainfall Reduction ◽  
The Impact

In the last decades, climate change has caused an increase in mean temperatures and a reduction in average rainfall in southern Europe, which is expected to reduce resource availability for herbivores. Resource availability can influence animals' physical condition and population growth. However, much less is known on its effects on reproductive performance and sexual selection. In this study, we assessed the impact of three environmental factors related to climate change (rainfall, temperature and vegetation index) on Iberian red deer Cervus elaphus hispanicus reproductive timing and sexual behaviour, and their effects on the opportunity for sexual selection in the population. We measured rutting phenology as rut peak date, the intensity of male rutting activity as roaring rate, and the opportunity for sexual selection from the distribution of females among harem holding males in Doñana Biological Reserve (Southwest Spain), from data of daily observations collected during the rut over a period of 25 years. For this study period, we found a trend for less raining and hence poorer environmental conditions, which associated with delayed rutting season and decreased rutting intensity, but that appeared to favour a higher degree of polygyny and opportunity for sexual selection, all these relationships being modulated by population density and sex ratio. This study highlights how climate change (mainly rainfall reduction in this area) can alter the conditions for mating and the opportunity for sexual selection in a large terrestrial mammal.

scholarly journals Plantations and biodiversity: A comment on the debate in New Brunswick

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G Betts ◽  
Antony W Diamond ◽  
Graham J Forbes ◽  
Kate Frego ◽  
Judy A Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
The Impact

The importance of biodiversity has become widely recognized but the best methods for conserving forest biodiversity are still being debated. Central to this debate is the influence of plantations and managed stands on local and landscape-scale biodiversity. A recent paper by Erdle and Pollard in The Forestry Chronicle (2002), which concluded that few plantations are strict monocultures in terms of the total number of tree species, could be interpreted as making the case that plantations have relatively minor consequences for biodiversity. We argue that: (1) it is not only the number of species, but also the identities and relative abundances of species that are of ecological importance, and (2) defining biodiversity in terms of tree species alone is of limited applicability. Existing research in New Brunswick on the impact of plantations on biodiversity at the stand scale reveals potentially significant biodiversity losses, at least in certain taxa. The proposal that incorporating more structural elements (e.g., snags, coarse woody debris, vertical structure) and retaining greater tree species diversity to ameliorate negative consequences of plantations remains a hypothesis to be tested in this region. Scientific information gathered in the following areas will allow better decision making: (1) to what degree are older plantations used by native species? (2) are productivity and survivorship of vertebrates in intensively managed stands similar to those in unmanaged forest? (3) are intensively managed stands suitable habitat for non-vertebrates? (4) are there thresholds in the response of some species to landscape-scale habitat loss caused by intensive forest management? Key words: plantations, biodiversity, species composition, landscape scale, stand structures

scholarly journals Foraging behaviour of red deer Cervus elaphus as a function of the relative availability of two tree species

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Chevallier-Redor ◽  
H�l�ne Verheyden-Tixier ◽  
Marcel Verdier ◽  
Bertrand Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Foraging Behaviour

scholarly journals How do red deer react to increased visitor numbers? A case study on human-deer encounter probability and its effect on cortisol stress responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Gabriel Dixon ◽  
Andrew S. Marriott ◽  
Graham Stelfox ◽  
Chris Dunkerley ◽  
Sven P. Batke
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Encounter Probability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visitor Numbers

The numbers of visitors to greenspaces in the United Kingdom has increased over the last few years as the health benefits of spending time in greenspaces have become better known. This has led to problems for conservation ecologists due to increased numbers of reported human-wildlife encounters. Deer are often found in public spaces and are of particular concern. Previous research suggests elevated levels of stress hormones (e.g., cortisol) in deer is a result of increased human activity. This has been linked to several negative effects on the deer’s health. From a practitioner’s point of view, it is therefore important to implement effective management strategies that are based on scientific evidence to help ensure the welfare of managed deer populations. In an effort to identify the impact of visitor numbers on faecal cortisol concentrations, samples from 2 red deer (Cervus elaphus) herds in Lyme Park (Cheshire), United Kingdom, were collected and analysed. A predictive spatial model was developed based on logistic regression to identify areas within the park of low and high human-deer encounter probability. The faecal cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher on days with a high number of visitors. In addition, landscape features such as buildings and roads increased the probability of human-deer encounters, whereas woodland and scrub decreased the probability. However, human-deer encounter probability changed with distance to the features. By providing local park managers with this scientific data, these findings can directly inform current management efforts to reduce deer stress levels in Lyme Park. In addition, the spatial modelling method has the capacity to be implemented in other parks across the country with minimal cost and effort.

The response of Vaccinium myrtillus to variations in grazing intensity in a Scandinavian pine forest on the island of Svanøy

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stein Joar Hegland ◽  
Knut Rydgren ◽  
Tarald Seldal
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
The Impact

The impact on the performance of dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) subjected to differing natural intensities of grazing by Cervus elaphus L. (red deer) was examined in a mature Scandinavian pine forest, on Svanøy, an island on the western coast of Norway. All the study sites were in forest where bilberry dominated the forest floor and no forestry activities had been carried out for several decades. Pellet group counts were used as measure of grazing intensity. Bilberry size, abundance, and fruit set, and invertebrate activity on bilberry were negatively related to grazing intensity. The responses varied between early and late summer (negative or neutral), but impact on plant size was negative throughout the season. Because of the large variation in grazing intensity represented in our study, we can, in contrast to many experimental studies, show that grazing affects the performance of bilberry even at low grazing intensities. The effect on fruit production and invertebrate activity on bilberry indicates that red deer grazing has a negative impact on the population dynamics of the plant and invertebrate herbivores.

scholarly journals Biomass equations for forest regrowth in the eastern Amazon using randomized branch sampling

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jonathan Ducey ◽  
Daniel Jacob Zarin ◽  
Steel Silva Vasconcelos ◽  
Maristela Machado Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Sample Paths ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
High Consistency ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

Forest regrowth occupies an extensive and increasing area in the Amazon basin, but accurate assessment of the impact of regrowth on carbon and nutrient cycles has been hampered by a paucity of available allometric equations. We develop pooled and species-specific equations for total aboveground biomass for a study site in the eastern Amazon that had been abandoned for 15 years. Field work was conducted using randomized branch sampling, a rapid technique that has seen little use in tropical forests. High consistency of sample paths in randomized branch sampling, as measured by the standard error of individual paths (14%), suggests the method may provide substantial efficiencies when compared to traditional procedures. The best fitting equations in this study used the traditional form Y=a×DBHb, where Y is biomass, DBH is diameter at breast height, and a and b are both species-specific parameters. Species-specific equations of the form Y=a(BA×H), where Y is biomass, BA is tree basal area, H is tree height, and a is a species-specific parameter, fit almost as well. Comparison with previously published equations indicated errors from -33% to +29% would have occurred using off-site relationships. We also present equations for stemwood, twigs, and foliage as biomass components.

Vocalizations in red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and red × sika hybrids

1998 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Long ◽  
N.P. Moore ◽  
T. J. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon

The deer of the island of Lampedusa (Pelagian Archipelago, Italy): literary references and osteological evidence

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO MASSETP ◽  
BRUNO ZAVA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships

During the nineteenth century, scientific literature and official reports recorded the occurrence of a population of red deer, Cervus elaphus, on the island of Lampedusa (Pelagian Archipelago, Italy). Osteological specimens collected by the zoologist Enrico Hillier Giglioli towards the end of the century confirmed these references. Since cervids are not found among the fossil fauna of the island, the red deer must have been introduced by man although we do not yet know precisely when. The former existence of the species on Lampedusa is discussed by comparison of literary material and bone evidence. The population's probable origins and its taxonomic relationships with other Mediterranean red deer populations are also analysed.

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