scholarly journals Fuelwood Harvest and No Harvest Effects on Forest Composition, Structure, and Diversity of Arasbaran Forests—A Case Study

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Sajad Ghanbari ◽  
Christel C. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fuelwood harvesting on forest structure and composition is not clear, especially on the understudied and scarce Arasbaran forests in Iran. This research compared woody species density, species diversity, forest composition, and regeneration status in areas of continuous and ceased fuelwood harvesting in Arasbaran forests. We expected fuelwood harvesting to decrease stem density, species diversity, tree size (diameter at the breast height (DBH) and height), and shift composition away from preferred fuelwood species. We measured woody species size and frequency and identified species in three fuelwood harvest and three no harvest sites, with six sample plots (100 m × 50 m) per site. Results tended to show differences in composition, diversity, woody species height, and density. Carpinus orientalis, a preferred fuelwood species, tended to be more dominant in no harvest (importance values index (IVI) = 173.4) than harvest areas (IVI = 4.4). The diversity or richness of woody species tended to be higher in harvest (20 ± 1 species per ha) than in no harvest (14 ± 2 species per ha) areas, and other measures of diversity supported this trend as well. Harvest areas tended to also be characterized by shorter tree height and lower density of trees, a higher density of regeneration, and fewer small pole-sized trees than no harvest areas. Ongoing fuelwood harvests may further shift composition and structure away from no harvest area, compromising future fuelwood availability, but further detailed research is needed. Close to nature practices may be useful in sustaining fuelwood harvest areas and diversifying areas where fuelwood harvesting has ceased.

scholarly journals COMPARISON ON VEGETATION COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF EXCLOSURES VS. OPEN GRAZING LANDS IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 70-99
Author(s):  
Samson Shimelse Jemaneh
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Grazing Lands

This study was conducted with the objectives of study investigates, compare, and try to describe the floristic composition and structure of the vegetation of exclosures and open grazing lands. A stratified preferential sampling design technique with flexible systematic model was used for data collection. Data on vegetation and environmental parameters were gathered from 120 quadrants (90 from restorations or exclosures of different ages and 30 from adjacent open grazing lands), of 20 m x 20 m (400 m2) size. Species richness and the presence or absence of herbaceous plants were recorded like soil samples in a 2 m x 2 m (4 m2) subplot inside each main quadrant from five points, one at each corner and one at the center.  A total of 142 plant species belonging to 118 genera and 52 families were identified. All exclosures displayed higher plant species richness, diversity, and aboveground standing biomass compared to the adjacent open grazing lands. Consideration of edaphic (e.g. soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, CEC, exchangeable bases, soil pH and soil texture) and site (e.g. Stoniness, Grazing) variables will help to optimize the selection of areas for the establishment of future exclosures. Moreover, our study suggests that with time exclosures may increasingly obtain an important role as refugees and species pool similar to church forests and should be protected and managed in a sustainable manner. However, economic and social impacts of exclosures should be included in feasibility studies before establishing exclosures in the future.  Altitude, Grazing and some soil parameters like Mg were the major environmental factors in the division of the vegetation into plant community types. The result of the frequency distribution of woody species showed a high proportion of small-sized individuals in the lower diameter classes indicating good recruitment potential of the forest patches and the rare occurrence of large individuals. Such trend was probably caused by past disturbance of the original vegetation resulting in a succession of secondary vegetation. In addition, the analysis of species population structure indicated that some tree species had abnormal population structure with no or few individuals at lower size classes. Moreover, assessment of regeneration status on the basis of age classes indicated that significant proportion of woody species were represented by few or no seedlings, entailing that they were under threat. Substantial numbers of forest species were found to have irregular population structure and are in reduced regeneration status. To prevent local extinction of these species, present efforts of nursery establishment and plantation of indigenous species in the exclosures should be strengthened and extended.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Multiple Drivers Determining Woody Species Composition and Structure: A Case Study from the Kalahari, Botswana

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meyer ◽  
Holloway ◽  
Christiansen ◽  
Miller ◽  
D’Odorico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
The Impact

Savannas are extremely important socio-economic landscapes, with pastoralist societies relying on these ecosystems to sustain their livelihoods and economy. Globally, there is an increase of woody vegetation in these ecosystems, degrading the potential of these multi-functional landscapes to sustain societies and wildlife. Several mechanisms have been invoked to explain the processes responsible for woody vegetation composition; however, these are often investigated separately at scales not best suited to land-managers, thereby impeding the evaluation of their relative importance. We ran six transects at 15 sites along the Kalahari transect, collecting data on species identity, diversity, and abundance. We used Poisson and Tobit regression models to investigate the relationship among woody vegetation, precipitation, grazing, borehole density, and fire. We identified 44 species across 78 transects, with the highest species richness and abundance occurring at Kuke (middle of the rainfall gradient). Precipitation was the most important environmental variable across all species and various morphological groups, while increased borehole density and livestock resulted in lower bipinnate species abundance, contradicting the consensus that these managed features increase the presence of such species. Rotating cattle between boreholes subsequently reduces the impact of trampling and grazing on the soil and maintains and/or reduces woody vegetation abundance.

Dynamique de la végétation d'emprises de lignes de transport d'énergie

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1730-1738
Author(s):  
M. Darveau ◽  
P. Bellefleur
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

We made a preliminary study of the impact of phytocides on plant dynamics in the corridors of Hydro-Québec power lines. Three hypotheses were tested: the first assumed that the phytocides changed vegetation composition and structure in the corridors; the second assumed that the corridor under the power line favored the development of an ecotone at its border with the forest; the third assumed that the method used for initial cutting of the corridors (bulldozer or chain saw) affected the forthcoming vegetation for over 15 years. Vegetation was sampled on one control power line and four power lines maintained with mixtures of picloram, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and sodium trichloroacetate. Multidimensional statistical analysis was used to show the underlying structure of the raw data and to test the hypotheses. We found out that phytocides are very efficient on woody species to the advantage of herbs, mostly grass, which invaded the corridors and created rather stable artificial communities. No significant ecotone was found at the border line of the corridors and the forest. The influence of the method for initial cutting of the corridors, although severe the first few years, disappeared after about 10 years under the action of the phytocides.

scholarly journals Impacts of Restoration Projects on a Sahelian Woody Vegetation after 21 Years: The Simiri Plateaus (Niger) Case Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Laouali Abdou ◽  
Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Ali Mahamane ◽  
Josiane Seghieri
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Similar Site

To face the soil and vegetation degradation in Niger, anti-erosion structures, such as scarification of the surface of the ground, half-moons, benches, trenches, stony cordons, were built in 1989 on three Simiri plateaus. Native and introduced woody species were planted and grasses were sown within the structures. This study aims at evaluating what has become the restoration of the woody vegetation cover compared to an un-restored woody cover located on a nearby similar site. Dendrometric parameters and alpha and beta diversities of the four woody stands in 36 sampled plots were analyzed and compared. The following dendrometric values were found significantly lower in the control than in the restored stands: 3.9% against 12.4-16.8% for the recovery rate, 4.3 against 6.3-10.2 cm for the largest stem diameter, 0.2 against 0.8-1.2 m²/ha for the basal area, and 1.6 against 2.0-2.5 m for the tree height. However, the number of stems per trees was found significantly greater in the un-restored stand (6.6) than in the restored ones (1.8-2.7). The values of dendrometric parameters remained low, as well as the alpha and beta diversities whatever the stand. Nevertheless, population perceptions on the restoration impacts that were collected through focus groups indicated positive impacts on downstream crop yields.

scholarly journals Studi Tingkat Keanekaragaman Hayati Lahan Bekas Terbakar di Taman Nasional Sebangau & Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Tumbang Nusa

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Mariaty Mariaty ◽  
Purwanto Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vegetation Species

The forest and land fires in 2015 caused severe damage to forest areas at Sebangau National Park and KHDTK Tumbang Nusa, where the condition has not to be able to recover as before. This research objective is knowing the effect of forest and land fires on vegetation and the succession process that is happened at TN. Sebangau and KHDTK Tumbang Nusa with methodology field survey and making plots (PU) on the burnt and un-burnt forest for the comparison. Data observation and collection were done appropriately with the vegetation strata, namely the level of seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees. The data analysis used quantitative with calculating the Species Dominance, Species Diversity, Species Richness, and Species Evenness.The research result shows the un-burnt land was observed in TN. Sebangau there are 29 vegetation species, meanwhile the burnt land there are found only rejuvenation level plants, namely Seedlings and Saplings where there are two vegetation species at TN. Sabangau and 4 vegetation species at KHDTK. For species dominance is indicated by a high INP value, the greater value of INP means the forest composition is good enough in terms of density and frequency of species presence. In Sebangau, the highest value of dominance is Tutup Kabali (Diospyros pseudomalabarica) for the tree level, Rambutan Hutan (Nephelium lappaceum) for pole and sapling levels, and Bangkinang (Elaeocarpus glaber Bl) for seedling level, while in KHDTK is Milas/Tumeh (Combretacarpus rotundatus) for the seedling and sapling levels, and Gerunggang (Cratoxylon arborescens) for pole and tree levels. The Analysis Number of species diversity, richness, and evenness species in the two research locations do not show a high value which from data processing result shows the range is low to moderate, nothing high.On burnt land, the succession process happens very slowly because it experienced the severe degradation of land causing the erosion/ subsidence of soil surface so that the forest floor was flooded as the impact of the open canopy and no shade from the bush that dominated.

scholarly journals Effect of exclosure on dryland woody species restoration in northeastern Amhara, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarek Eshetie ◽  
Tsegaye Gobezie ◽  
Seid Muhie Dawd
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Woody Species Diversity

AbstractIn Ethiopia, among many restoration efforts to reverse deforestation and land degradation, area exclosure is one of the most common practices to restore secondary forests with assisted natural regeneration. The present study in the Sekota district, northeastern Amhara region, Ethiopia evaluated the influence of areas exclosures on woody species diversity, population structure and regeneration status. A total of 36 and 27 quadrats, each 20 m × 20 m, were used to collect data in exclosures and non-exclosures, respectively. Within quadrats, four 5 m × 5 m and 2 m × 2 m quadrats at the corners were used to sample saplings and seedlings, respectively. In exclosures, 35 woody species representing 21 families and 29 genera were recorded; 19 woody species representing 13 families and 13 genera were recorded in the non-exclosure. Acacia etbaica was the most dominant species in the two land-uses. The Shannon diversity index was 1.77 ± 0.46 in exclosures and 1.39 ± 0.46 in non-exclosures. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices showed a significant difference between the two land-uses (p < 0.01). The regeneration status of all wood species in exclosures was good, only fair in non-exclosures. Area exclosures have thus played a great role in the restoration of degraded lands by improving vegetation diversity and regeneration status. The least dominant woody species should be maintained through active restoration. Continuous follow-up, maintenance of soil water conservation structure to improve soil fertility will further help enhance the woody species diversity and abundance.

scholarly journals Woody Species Diversity, Structure, and Regeneration Status of Yemrehane Kirstos Church Forest of Lasta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Ayanaw Abunie ◽  
Gemedo Dalle
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species Diversity ◽  
Church Forest ◽  
North Wollo ◽  
Diversity Structure

This study is aimed at generating data on woody species diversity, structure, and regeneration status of some species and was conducted in Yemrehane Kirstos Church Forest of Lasta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Six transect lines were laid following altitudinal gradient. Quadrats of size 20 m × 20 m (400m2) were used to collect data that were established systematically at every 100 m interval along the transect lines. Data on woody species was collected from a total of 34 sampling quadrats of 400m2. To collect data on seedlings and saplings, five subplots of 1 m × 1m (1m2) size located at the four corners and centre of the main plot were used. Species diversity was determined using the Shannon-Wiener index (H′). A total of 39 woody species belonging to 38 genera and 29 families were identified in Yemrehane Kirstos Church Forest. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and evenness values for the entire forest were 2.88 and 0.79, respectively. The six most abundant woody species in their order of highest density were Juniperus procera, Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Maytenus arbutifolia, Osyris quadripartita, Calpurnia aurea, and Debregeasia saeneb. The densities for mature woody species, saplings, and seedlings were 506.6, 514.7, and 415.4 individuals ha−1, respectively. The basal area of the forest is 72 m2 ha−1. The population structure and regeneration status of the forest indicated that there have been high forest degradation and severe anthropogenic disturbances in the area and, therefore, conservation of species, ecosystem restoration, and sustainable use of the forest genetic resources are recommended as a result of this study.

scholarly journals Drought Increases Vulnerability of Pinus ponderosa Saplings to Fire-Induced Mortality

Fire ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Raquel Partelli-Feltrin ◽  
Daniel M. Johnson ◽  
Aaron M. Sparks ◽  
Henry D. Adams ◽  
Crystal A. Kolden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
In Fire ◽  
The Impact

The combination of drought and fire can cause drastic changes in forest composition and structure. Given the predictions of more frequent and severe droughts and forecasted increases in fire size and intensity in the western United States, we assessed the impact of drought and different fire intensities on Pinus ponderosa saplings. In a controlled combustion laboratory, we exposed saplings to surface fires at two different fire intensity levels (quantified via fire radiative energy; units: MJ m−2). The recovery (photosynthesis and bud development) and mortality of saplings were monitored during the first month, and at 200- and 370-days post-fire. All the saplings subjected to high intensity surface fires (1.4 MJ m−2), regardless of the pre-fire water status, died. Seventy percent of pre-fire well-watered saplings recovered after exposure to low intensity surface fire (0.7 MJ m−2). All of the pre-fire drought-stressed saplings died, even at the lower fire intensity. Regardless of the fire intensity and water status, photosynthesis was significantly reduced in all saplings exposed to fire. At 370 days post-fire, burned well-watered saplings that recovered had similar photosynthesis rates as unburned plants. In addition, all plants that recovered or attempted to recover produced new foliage within 35 days following the fire treatments. Our results demonstrate that the pre-fire water status of saplings is an important driver of Pinus ponderosa sapling recovery and mortality after fire.

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