scholarly journals Studi Tingkat Keanekaragaman Hayati Lahan Bekas Terbakar di Taman Nasional Sebangau & Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Tumbang Nusa

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Mariaty Mariaty ◽  
Purwanto Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vegetation Species

The forest and land fires in 2015 caused severe damage to forest areas at Sebangau National Park and KHDTK Tumbang Nusa, where the condition has not to be able to recover as before. This research objective is knowing the effect of forest and land fires on vegetation and the succession process that is happened at TN. Sebangau and KHDTK Tumbang Nusa with methodology field survey and making plots (PU) on the burnt and un-burnt forest for the comparison. Data observation and collection were done appropriately with the vegetation strata, namely the level of seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees. The data analysis used quantitative with calculating the Species Dominance, Species Diversity, Species Richness, and Species Evenness.The research result shows the un-burnt land was observed in TN. Sebangau there are 29 vegetation species, meanwhile the burnt land there are found only rejuvenation level plants, namely Seedlings and Saplings where there are two vegetation species at TN. Sabangau and 4 vegetation species at KHDTK. For species dominance is indicated by a high INP value, the greater value of INP means the forest composition is good enough in terms of density and frequency of species presence. In Sebangau, the highest value of dominance is Tutup Kabali (Diospyros pseudomalabarica) for the tree level, Rambutan Hutan (Nephelium lappaceum) for pole and sapling levels, and Bangkinang (Elaeocarpus glaber Bl) for seedling level, while in KHDTK is Milas/Tumeh (Combretacarpus rotundatus) for the seedling and sapling levels, and Gerunggang (Cratoxylon arborescens) for pole and tree levels. The Analysis Number of species diversity, richness, and evenness species in the two research locations do not show a high value which from data processing result shows the range is low to moderate, nothing high.On burnt land, the succession process happens very slowly because it experienced the severe degradation of land causing the erosion/ subsidence of soil surface so that the forest floor was flooded as the impact of the open canopy and no shade from the bush that dominated.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI MANGROVE DI DESA DUSUN BESAR KECAMATAN PULAU MAYA KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cici Khairunnisa ◽  
Eddy Thamrin ◽  
Hari Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Species

The diversity of mangrove vegetation is a community that has different characteristics from other communities. Diversity is an important component in mangrove management, but so far the availability of data related to mangroves is still very minimal, including those related to the species diversity of mangrove forest vegetation in the region. This study aims to obtain data on species diversity of vegetation found in the mangrove forest area of Dusun Besar Village, Pulau Maya District, Kayong Utara Regency. Method used was a combination of path and plot method, and the determination of the location and research path location were carried out using purposive sampling. The results of observation and data analysis showed that the dominant vegetation species with the highest importance value index (INP) for seedlings, saplings and trees was the Avicennia marina, namely the INP value of seedlings 37.04%, the INP values of sapling 65.24%, and the value of INP a tree rate of 65. Based on the results of the most dominant analysis found the species of  Avicennia marina with a value of C = 0.03430 for seedling, C = 0.04729 for sapling, and C = 0.04736 for tree level. The diversity of mangrove forest vegetation species in Dusun Besar Village for seedlings, saplings and trees is low because it has an H 'value <1, and the abundance of mangrove vegetation species was not evenly distributed in each forest area because it only has an e value <1.Keywords: Dusun Besar Village, Mangrove Forest, Species Diversity

scholarly journals Fuelwood Harvest and No Harvest Effects on Forest Composition, Structure, and Diversity of Arasbaran Forests—A Case Study

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Sajad Ghanbari ◽  
Christel C. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fuelwood harvesting on forest structure and composition is not clear, especially on the understudied and scarce Arasbaran forests in Iran. This research compared woody species density, species diversity, forest composition, and regeneration status in areas of continuous and ceased fuelwood harvesting in Arasbaran forests. We expected fuelwood harvesting to decrease stem density, species diversity, tree size (diameter at the breast height (DBH) and height), and shift composition away from preferred fuelwood species. We measured woody species size and frequency and identified species in three fuelwood harvest and three no harvest sites, with six sample plots (100 m × 50 m) per site. Results tended to show differences in composition, diversity, woody species height, and density. Carpinus orientalis, a preferred fuelwood species, tended to be more dominant in no harvest (importance values index (IVI) = 173.4) than harvest areas (IVI = 4.4). The diversity or richness of woody species tended to be higher in harvest (20 ± 1 species per ha) than in no harvest (14 ± 2 species per ha) areas, and other measures of diversity supported this trend as well. Harvest areas tended to also be characterized by shorter tree height and lower density of trees, a higher density of regeneration, and fewer small pole-sized trees than no harvest areas. Ongoing fuelwood harvests may further shift composition and structure away from no harvest area, compromising future fuelwood availability, but further detailed research is needed. Close to nature practices may be useful in sustaining fuelwood harvest areas and diversifying areas where fuelwood harvesting has ceased.

scholarly journals The impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of Beauveria bassiana on species diversity and abundance of not targeted arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp paddy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
KHOIRUL IKHSANUDIN HANIF ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
CHANDRA IRSAN ◽  
YULIA PUJIASTUTI ◽  
GHANNI PRABAWATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Freshwater Swamp ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predatory Arthropods

Abstract. Hanif KI, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y, Prabawati G, Hasbi, Karenina T. 2020. The impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of Beauveria bassiana on species diversity and abundance of not targeted arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp paddy. Biodiversitas 21: 2124-2136. Bioinsecticides have been shown to reduce insect pest populations, but it is necessary to monitor the effect of bioinsecticide overdoses on non-target arthropods because they are abundant in rice fields. This study aimed to analyze the impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of B. bassiana on species diversity and abundance of non-target arthropods. Bioinsecticides derived from Beauveria bassiana were sprayed on the paddy every two weeks until the ripening stage, at a dose of 1, 2, 3, 4 L.ha-1, control (without insecticide), and abamectin as prescribed. The abundance of spiders and predatory arthropods did not decrease when bioinsecticides were applied but the abundance of spiders, especially Lycosidae and Salticidae dropped significantly when abamectin was applied. The abundance of the parasitoid decreased significantly when abamectin was applied, but the abundance of parasitoids applied by bioinsecticide was not significantly different from those of control. The abundance of insect pests started to decrease when bioinsecticide was applied to 2, 3 or 4 L.ha-1. The diversity species of non-target arthropods (spiders, predatory arthropods, and parasitoids) tended to decrease when it was applied bioinsecticides 3 and 4 L.ha-1 or abamectin, but their abundance remained high and no species dominance was found. For this reason, the correct dosage for suppressing insect pests abundance by not decreasing the abundance and diversity of non-target species is 2 L.ha-1 and applied when herbivore abundance is high.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamic Assessment by NDVI and Field Observations for Sustainability of China’s Wulagai River Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Panpan Chen ◽  
Huamin Liu ◽  
Zongming Wang ◽  
Dehua Mao ◽  
Cunzhu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The Impact

Accurate monitoring of grassland vegetation dynamics is essential for ecosystem restoration and the implementation of integrated management policies. A lack of information on vegetation changes in the Wulagai River Basin restricts regional development. Therefore, in this study, we integrated remote sensing, meteorological, and field plant community survey data in order to characterize vegetation and ecosystem changes from 1997 to 2018. The residual trend (RESTREND) method was utilized to detect vegetation changes caused by human factors, as well as to evaluate the impact of the management of pastures. Our results reveal that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each examined ecosystem type showed an increasing trend, in which anthropogenic impact was the primary driving force of vegetation change. Our field survey confirmed that the meadow steppe ecosystem increased in species diversity and aboveground biomass; however, the typical steppe and riparian wet meadow ecosystems experienced species diversity and biomass degradation, therefore suggesting that an increase in NDVI may not directly reflect ecosystem improvement. Selecting an optimal indicator or indicator system is necessary in order to formulate reasonable grassland management policies for increasing the sustainability of grassland ecosystems.

scholarly journals A Strip-Till One-Pass System as a Component of Conservation Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2015
Author(s):  
Iwona Jaskulska ◽  
Kestutis Romaneckas ◽  
Dariusz Jaskulski ◽  
Piotr Wojewódzki
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Conservation agriculture has three main pillars, i.e., minimum tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation. Covering the soil surface with plant residues and minimum mechanical soil disturbance can all result from introducing a strip-till one-pass (ST-OP) system. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the ST-OP technology on the management of plant residues, soil properties, inputs, and emissions related to crop cultivation. We compared the effect of a ST-OP system against conventional tillage (CT) using a plough, and against reduced, non-ploughing tillage (RT). Four field experiments were conducted for evaluating the covering of soil with plant residues of the previous crop, soil loss on a slope exposed to surface soil runoff, soil structure and aggregate stability, occurrence of soil organisms and glomalin content, soil moisture and soil water reserve during plant sowing, labour and fuel inputs, and CO2 emissions. After sowing plants using ST-OP, 62.7–82.0% of plant residues remained on the soil surface, depending on the previous crop and row spacing. As compared with CT, the ST-OP system increased the stability of soil aggregates of 0.25–2.0 mm diameter by 12.7%, glomalin content by 0.08 g·kg−1, weight of earthworms five-fold, bacteria and fungi counts, and moisture content in the soil; meanwhile, it decreased soil loss by 2.57–6.36 t·ha−1 year−1, labour input by 114–152 min·ha−1, fuel consumption by 35.9–45.8 l·ha−1, and CO2 emissions by 98.7–125.9 kg·ha−1. Significant favourable changes, as compared with reduced tillage (RT), were also found with respect to the stability index of aggregates of 2.0–10.0 mm diameter, the number and weight of earthworms, as well as bacteria and fungi counts.

Study on the Impact of Fine-Blanking with Negative Clearance on the Materials Microstructure and Hardness

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
W.F. Fan ◽  
J.H. Li ◽  
Zhong Mei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Fine Blanking ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
Negative Clearance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
1045 Steel

The Fine-blanking with negative clearance processing is very complicated process because the blanking clearance is negative clearance, for this reason, the state of stress and strain in sheet inside are also more complicated than conventional blanking. In the process of fine-blanking with negative, plastic deformation of the material is fiercer than conventional blanking, and the change of material inner structure and hardness is more intense because of plastic deformation. The deformation principle of fine-blanking deformation with negative clearance is analyzed by means of streamline and metallographic photograph and micro hardness. The impact of fine-blanking with negative clearance on the materials microstructure and hardness is discussed. The research result indicates that the hardening value is 1.8 times than original material itself and the maximum harden depth is 2.2mm for AISI-1045 steel in the process of blanking with negative clearance. Therefore, it could enhance fatigue strength and the working life of workpiece greatly because of the improvement of the material inner structure.

The impact of marine protected areas on temporal stability of fish species diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Pettersen ◽  
Ezequiel M. Marzinelli ◽  
Peter Steinberg ◽  
Melinda A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fish Species Diversity

scholarly journals Is the impact of eutrophication on phytoplankton diversity dependent on lake volume/ecosystem size?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier L. Baho ◽  
Stina Drakare ◽  
Richard K. Johnson ◽  
Craig R. Allen ◽  
David G. Angeler
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressors ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Ecosystem Size ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Habitat

<p>Research focusing on biodiversity responses to the interactions of ecosystem size and anthropogenic stressors are based mainly on correlative gradient studies, and may therefore confound size-stress relationships due to spatial context and differences in local habitat features across ecosystems. We investigated how local factors related to anthropogenic stressors (<em>e.g.,</em> eutrophication) interact with ecosystem size to influence species diversity. In this study, constructed lake mesocosms (with two contrasting volumes: 1020 (shallow mesocosms) and 2150 (deep mesocosms) litres) were used to simulate ecosystems of different size and manipulated nutrient levels to simulate mesotrophic and hypertrophic conditions. Using a factorial design, we assessed how the interaction between ecosystem size and nutrients influences phytoplankton diversity. We assessed community metrics (richness, diversity, evenness and total biovolumes) and multivariate community structure over a growing season (May to early November 2011). Different community structures were found between deep and shallow mescosoms with nutrient enrichment: Cyanobacteria dominated in the deep and Charophyta in the shallow mesocosms. In contrast, phytoplankton communities were more similar to each other in the low nutrient treatments; only Chlorophyta had generally a higher biovolume in the shallow compared to the deep mesocosms. These results suggest that ecosystem size is not only a determinant of species diversity, but that it can mediate the influence of anthropogenic effects on biodiversity. Such interactions increase the uncertainty of global change outcomes, and should therefore not be ignored in risk/impact assessment and management.</p>

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