scholarly journals An IoT-Based Framework for Smart Water Supply Systems Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Rosiberto Gonçalves ◽  
Jesse J. M. Soares ◽  
Ricardo M. F. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water System ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Flexible Architecture ◽  
Supply Systems

The world’s population growth and climate changes increase the demand for high-quality water. This fact forces humankind to create new water management strategies. Smart cities have successfully applied the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in many sectors. Moreover, Complex Event Processing (CEP) can analyze and process large data sets produced by IoT sensors in real-time. Traditional business processes are too rigid in expressing the dynamic behavior of water supply systems. Every execution path must be explicitly specified. On the other hand, declarative business processes allow execution paths that are not prohibited by the rules, providing more flexibility for water supply managers. This paper joins together IoT, CEP, and declarative processes to create a powerful, efficient, and flexible architecture (REFlex Water) to manage water supply systems. To the knowledge of the authors, REFlex Water is the first solution to combine these technologies in the context of water supply systems. The paper describes the REFlex Water architecture and demonstrates its application to a real water system from a Brazilian municipality. Results are promising, and the managers from the Brazilian water company are expanding the use of REFlex Water to other sectors of their water supply system.

scholarly journals Mobile crowd participation to root small-scale piped water supply systems in India and Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mink ◽  
B. A. Hoque ◽  
S. Khanam ◽  
D. Van Halem
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Mobile Crowd

Abstract In the arsenic-contaminated Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta in India and Bangladesh, small-scale piped water supply seems a promising way to provide safe drinking water to households in the region. The use of smartphone applications can support monitoring of the system and enhance local engagement and empowerment. In this paper the scope for mobile crowd participation as a research and monitoring tool for piped water supply systems in Bihar, India and in Khulna and Chittagong, Bangladesh is investigated. In these areas, the use of smartphones and internet access are growing rapidly and smartphone applications would enable real-time water quality monitoring, payment of water bills, awareness creation, and a dialogue between the end-user and the water supplier. To identify the relevance and acceptability of piped water supply and smartphone monitoring, four surveys with potential end-users were conducted. Based on these surveys we conclude that in the investigated areas there is a desire for piped water systems, that households already own smartphones with internet access, and that there is an interest in smartphone monitoring. The enabling environment to deploy mobile crowd participation for piped water system monitoring stimulates further research towards an investigation of potential functionalities and the actual development of such an application.

Nanotechnology application in water resource management

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-62
Author(s):  
Arezoo Boroomandnia ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Jimmy Yu ◽  
Mariam Darestani
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Fast-growing water demand, population growth, global climate change, and water quality deterioration all drive scientists to apply novel approaches to water resource management. Nanotechnology is one of the state-of-the-art tools in scientists’ hands which they can use to meet human water needs via reuse of water and utilizing unconventional water resources. Additionally, monitoring water supply systems using new nanomaterials provides more efficient water distribution networks. In this chapter, we consider the generic concepts of nanotechnology and its effects on water resources management strategies. A wide range of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, including nano-adsorbents, nano-photocatalysts, and nano-membranes, are introduced to explain the role of nanotechnology in providing new water resources to meet growing demand. Also, nanomaterial application as a water alternative in industry, reducing water demand in the industrial sector, is presented. Another revolution made by nanomaterials, also discussed in this chapter, is their use in water supply systems for monitoring probable leakage and leakage reduction. Finally, we present case studies that clarify the influence of nanotechnology on water resources and their management strategies. These case studies prove the importance and inevitable application of nanotechnology to satisfy the rising water demand in the modern world, and show the necessity of nanotechnology awareness for today's water experts.

Interactions and feedbacks between water availability and domestic consumption in São Paulo Metropolitan Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Souza ◽  
Gabriela Gesualdo ◽  
Murugesu Sivapalan ◽  
Eduardo Mendiondo
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Consumption

<p>Water supply in large cities has challenged governments and water authorities because of the complexity involved in meeting water demands. The traditional challenges stem from the seasonality of precipitation and population growth. Although water resources management strategies assume potential scenarios for water demand growth to design water infrastructure, unexpected changes in the hydrological cycle may cause shocks to urban water supply systems and generate unanticipated patterns of consumption, such as occurred during the water crisis experienced by the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA) from 2014 to 2016. This work explores the coevolution of the coupled human-water system variables associated with the water supply system within the SPMA, from the late twentieth century to the present, to explain how water demand has influenced water availability, and vice-versa, in particular for the Cantareira Reservoir System. The challenges facing the human-water system in the region are of critical importance, given that it supplies water to more than 9 million people, and it supports economic activities that represent 12% of Brazil’s Gross Domestic Product. The analysis reveals that hydrological shifts are responsible for major structural transformations and they also have led to changes in domestic consumption. We conclude that modelling the interactions and feedbacks between water availability and consumption can provide more realistic storylines to implement strategies to address water scarcity than merely considering long-term demand scenarios, as it is normally done. In addition, policies implemented to promote water savings can have different responses at sub-regional scales and this can be explored also in the context of long-term scenarios.</p>

Outbreak of Legionellosis in a tourist complex in Lanzarote concomitant with a treatment of the water system with megadoses of polyphosphates

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 307-309
Author(s):  
S. Crespí ◽  
J. Ferra
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Very High

Polyphosphates are the most universally used chemical agents in anticorrosion treatment of drinking water supply systems, as their addition is generally permitted by law because they lack toxicity at the recommended doses. In this work, we describe an outbreak of Legionellosis in a hotel in Lanzarote in 1993 where the water system had been treated with very high doses of polyphosphates.

scholarly journals Cyber-Physical Systems for Water Supply Network Management: Basics, Challenges, and Roadmap

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9555
Author(s):  
Kazeem B. Adedeji ◽  
Yskandar Hamam
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
System Monitoring ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Control ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply systems are dynamic in nature, owing to the effect of climate change and consumer demand uncertainties. The operation of such a system must be managed effectively to meet up with the uncertainties, thus posing a key challenge. Unfortunately, previous information and communication technology (ICT) solutions could not provide the necessary support for applications to deal with the dynamics of the changing physical environment. Nevertheless, tremendous growth in technology offers better possibilities to enhance water supply systems’ operations. As a result, development in technology in sensing and instrumentation, communication and networking, computing and control is now jointly integrated with water supply system infrastructures to enhance the water system operations. One such technological paradigm shift is the cyber-physical system (CPS). In this paper, we present the concept of the CPS in the water system context and investigate the CPS applications to water supply system monitoring. Also, the various applications of CPSs and the application domain requirements are outlined. More importantly, research studies on its application to water system monitoring are scrutinized. As such, key challenges sounding the applications in WSSs are identified. We then outline the areas of improvement for further studies.

scholarly journals Socio-Hydrological Modelling to Assess Reliability of an Urban Water System under Formal-Informal Supply Dynamics

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Rakhshinda Bano ◽  
Mehdi Khiadani ◽  
Steven Burian
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Fund Balance ◽  
Urban Water System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Supply Systems

Increasing water scarcity in developing world cities combined with poor performance of water supply systems has led to an increasing reliance on informal water supply systems. Although the availability of informal supply provides a coping mechanism that enables water consumers to be resilient to failures in water supply, the longer-term effects on formal water supply systems (FWSS) are uncertain, with a potential reduction of tariff recovery (RT), and in turn a service provider’s financial sustainability. This motivates an analysis of the coevolving dynamics and feedbacks involved in water systems where formal and informal components co-exist. Investigating Hyderabad, Pakistan as a case study, a dynamic socio-hydrologic system model is built, comprised of a formal system’s water and fund balance, consumer behaviour and infrastructure conditions. Simulations are executed on a monthly basis at a household level and for a 100-year period (2007–2107) using data available from years 2007–2017. Demand shift to informal is observed to be weakly associated with lower recovery rates, with household income as a major predictor. The FWSS’s financial balance, predominantly driven by infrastructure condition, appears to be less sensitive to recovery of a tariff to generate sufficient revenue.

scholarly journals Simulating development strategies for water supply systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Tillman ◽  
T. A. Larsen ◽  
C. Pahl-Wostl ◽  
W. Gujer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Scenario Testing ◽  
Supply Systems

The objective of this paper is to point out existing risks of current design and management strategies in water supply systems and to identify possible ways of designing and operating schemes which minimize these risks. This paper is motivated by the observation that existing design principles and engineering rules (best practice) seem to cope insufficiently or even conflict with current trends of declining water demand. In order to evaluate this situation, an agent-based model comprising the current rules of best practice was developed in a participatory process. Once the model was validated with data sets from a real utility, multiple-scenario testing was used to explore different design strategies, thus allowing ideas for developing alternative management and design schemes to be generated. The simulations show that the traditional risk of insufficient supply security must be supplemented by considering the opposite risk of excessive security (over-capacity). The introduction of demand-side measures may help to calibrate existing best practice with the trends of the current operating environment. Ideas are brought forward on how to shape incentive systems for stakeholders in order to facilitate such a shift.

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