Bioavailability of Melatonin from Lentil Sprouts and Its Role in the Plasmatic Antioxidant Status in Rats

Melatonin is a multifunctional antioxidant neurohormone found in plant foods such as lentil sprouts. We aim to evaluate the effect of lentil sprout intake on the plasmatic levels of melatonin and metabolically related compounds (plasmatic serotonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin), total phenolic compounds, and plasmatic antioxidant status, and compare it with synthetic melatonin. The germination of lentils increases the content of melatonin. However, the phenolic content diminished due to the loss of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols. The flavonol content remained unaltered, being the main phenolic family in lentil sprouts, primarily composed of kaempferol glycosides. Sprague Dawley rats were used to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of melatonin after oral administration of a lentil sprout extract and to evaluate plasma and urine melatonin and related biomarkers and antioxidant capacity. Melatonin showed maximum concentration (45.4 pg/mL) 90 min after lentil sprout administration. The plasmatic melatonin levels increased after lentil sprout intake (70%, p < 0.05) with respect to the control, 1.2-fold more than after synthetic melatonin ingestion. These increments correlated with urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin content (p < 0.05), a key biomarker of plasmatic melatonin. Nonetheless, the phenolic compound content did not exhibit any significant variation. Plasmatic antioxidant status increased in the antioxidant capacity upon both lentil sprout and synthetic melatonin administration. For the first time, we investigated the bioavailability of melatonin from lentil sprouts and its role in plasmatic antioxidant status. We concluded that their intake could increase melatonin plasmatic concentration and attenuate plasmatic oxidative stress.

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Differing renal effects of activated and nonactivated isoelectric peaks of human prorenin in rats

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1991.261.6.f975 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (6) ◽

pp. F975-F981

Author(s):

J. K. McKenzie ◽

D. R. Jones ◽

I. M. McKenzie ◽

D. D. Smyth

Keyword(s):

Physiological Function ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Urine Sodium ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Renal Effects ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Isoelectric Points ◽

First Time ◽

Ovarian Follicular Fluid

Isoelectric species of renin are physically heterogeneous. Recent evidence suggests that they may differ functionally, with some species producing natriuresis and diuresis, whereas others have no effect. A physiological function of secreted prorenin has not been documented in any species. The present study was designed to confirm and describe for the first time the renal effects of certain isoelectric species of prorenin. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were injected (0.1 ml) with trypsin-activated or nonactivated prorenin obtained from human ovarian follicular fluid. The dose chosen was calculated as sufficient to produce 2,300 ng angiotensin I.h-1.100 g rat body wt-1 in the presence of excess sheep substrate. Blood pressure, creatinine clearance, urine flow rate, and urine sodium, potassium, and osmolar excretion were measured. Activated prorenin from isoelectric peaks at isoelectric points (pI) 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, and 5.6 produced marked increases in urine volume (sixfold) and sodium excretion (7- to 10-fold) compared with the group receiving the vehicle (1% albumin in 0.9% saline). Activated prorenin from peaks at pI 4.9 and 5.8 produced no significant increase over the vehicle-only experiments. Captopril pretreatment (1 mg/kg iv) completely blocked the effects of peaks at pI 5.4 and 5.6. Interestingly, injection of nonactivated prorenin from peaks at pI 5.4 and 5.6 produced effects similar to the injection of activated prorenin from these peaks. Similarly, this effect was blocked by pretreatment with captopril. In summary, only certain isoelectric peaks of human prorenin whether activated, to active renin, or nonactivated produced a marked natriuresis and diuresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant Activities, and Antiulcer Potential ofLentinus squarrosulus(Mont.) Mycelia Extract

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/539356 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Nor Adila Mhd Omar ◽

Noorlidah Abdullah ◽

Umah Rani Kuppusamy ◽

Mahmood Ameen Abdulla ◽

Vikineswary Sabaratnam

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Oral Feeding ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Total Fat

Water extract ofLentinus squarrosulusmycelia was analysed for nutritional content, antioxidant capacity, and antiulcer ability. The extract contains high protein (57.6 g/100 g) and low total fat (0.5 g/100 g) and is rich in magnesium (0.4 g/100 g), potassium (3.8 g/100 g), vitamins B1(1.42 mg/100 g), and B3(194.29 mg/100 g) with total phenolic content of 39.16 mg/100 g. The cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the extract were A450of 0.20 ± 0.03 at 0.5 mg/ml and IC50of 14.29 mg/ml, respectively. Oral feeding ofL. squarrosulusextract (250 mg/kg) offered significant gastric mucosal protection of Sprague-Dawley rats compared to cimetidine (50 mg/kg). The ulcer healing rate of ulcerated rats after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment was 82%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. The IL-1β level in the serum and the NF-κB level in the tissues indicate that the healing potential was associated with attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines.

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Both orexin receptors are expressed in rat ovaries and fluctuate with the estrous cycle: effects of orexin receptor antagonists on gonadotropins and ovulation

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00179.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 293 (4) ◽

pp. E977-E985 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Patricia Silveyra ◽

Victoria Lux-Lantos ◽

Carlos Libertun

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Light Cycle ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Receptor Antagonists ◽

Dark Light ◽

Orexin Receptors ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

First Time

Orexins are peptides controlling feeding, sleep, and neuroendocrine functions. They are synthesized by the hypothalamus with projections throughout the brain. Orexins and their orexin 1 (OX1) and orexin 2 receptors (OX2) are present outside the central nervous system. Here the expression of preproorexin (PPO), OX1, and OX2 was studied in rat ovaries. PPO, OX1, and OX2 were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in ovaries of cycling Sprague-Dawley rats on all days of the cycle. Serum hormones and food consumption were determined. Ovarian OX1 and OX2 expression was then studied after ovulation blockade with Cetrorelix or Nembutal. Finally, proestrous rats were treated at 1400 and 1900 with a selective OX1 antagonist (SB-334867-A) and/or a selective OX2 antagonist (JNJ-10397049), and hormone levels, ovulation, and ovarian histology were studied. Both receptors' expression increased in the ovary between 1700 and 2300 of proestrus exclusively, in coincidence with hormone peaks, but not with the dark-light cycle or food intake. PPO was not detected. Cetrorelix or Nembutal prevented the increases of OX1 and OX2 while blunting gonadotropin peaks. SB-334867-A and JNJ-10397049, alone or combined, decreased serum gonadotropins and reduced ova number the following morning; ovaries showed a bloody (hyperemic and/or hemorrhagic) reaction with more preovulatory follicles and less corpora lutea. Here we demonstrate for the first time an increased ovarian expression of both OX1 and OX2, only during proestrous afternoon, and its hormone dependence but not dependence on the dark-light cycle. Two new receptor antagonists reduced proestrous gonadotropins and/or ova number while producing ovarian structural changes.

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Anticancer effect of Ellagic acid and paclitaxel on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant status in female Sprague dawley rats

IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences ◽

10.9790/3008-09641823 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

Sambandham Jamunakumari ◽

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Anticancer Effect ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

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Immune responses induced by co-infection with Capillaria hepatica in Clonorchis sinensis-infected rats

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x17000682 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 395-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.-K. Moon ◽

S.-H. Lee ◽

T.W. Goo ◽

F.-S. Quan

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Clonorchis Sinensis ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Capillaria Hepatica ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Zoonotic Parasites ◽

First Time

AbstractClonorchis sinensis and Capillaria hepatica are zoonotic parasites that mainly infect the liver and cause serious liver disorders. However, immunological parameters induced by co-infection with these parasites remain unknown. In this study, for the first time, we investigated immunological profiles induced by co-infection with C. hepatica (CH) in C. sinensis (CS)-infected rats (Sprague–Dawley). Rats were infected primarily with 50 metacercariae of C. sinensis; 4 weeks later, they were subsequently infected with 1000 infective C. hepatica eggs. Significantly higher levels of C. sinensis- or C. hepatica-specific IgG antibodies were found in the sera of rats. Interestingly, no cross-reacting antibody was observed between C. sinensis and C. hepatica infections. Significantly raised eosinophil levels were found in the blood of C. sinensis/C. hepatica co-infected rats (CS + CH) compared to the blood of rats infected singly with C. sinensis. Co-infected rats showed significantly higher levels of lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production compared to a single C. sinensis infection. The worm burden of C. sinensis was significantly reduced in co-infected rats compared to the single C. sinensis infection. These results indicate that the eosinophils, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production induced by subsequent infection with C. hepatica in C. sinensis-infected rats might contribute to the observed C. sinensis worm reduction.

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Effects of Dietary Carnosine and Vitamin E on Antioxidant and Oxidative Status of Rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.78.45.230 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (45) ◽

pp. 230-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Wissam Ibrahim ◽

Vickie Tatumi ◽

Che-Chung Yeh ◽

Chuen Bin Hong ◽

Ching Kuang Chow

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Conjugated Dienes ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Deficient Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine if moderate levels of carnosine supplement, alone or in combination with vitamin E, enhance antioxidant status and/or provide protection against oxidative stress. Fiftyfour one-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a basal vitamin E-deficient diet supplemented with either 0, 200, or 1000 mg L-carnosine, and either 0, 10, or 100 IU vitamin E (as all rec-α-tocopheryl acetate) per kg diet for 15 weeks. The antioxidant and oxidative status were assessed in the skeletal muscle, liver, and blood. Dietary vitamin E, but not carnosine, increased levels of vitamin E, decreased tissue peroxidizability, prevented incidence of myodegeneration, and reduced erythrocyte hemolytic stress. The levels of conjugated dienes, protein carbonyls, ascorbic acid, and nonprotein sulfhydryls, and activities of catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were not significantly altered by dietary carnosine or vitamin E. The results obtained suggest that supplementation of carnosine at levels of up to 1000 mg/kg diet does not significantly affect the antioxidant and oxidative status of rats.

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Phenolic Fingerprinting, Antioxidant, and Deterrent Potentials of Persicaria maculosa Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25133054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (13) ◽

pp. 3054 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luisa Quesada-Romero ◽

Carlos Fernández-Galleguillos ◽

Jan Bergmann ◽

María-Eugenia Amorós ◽

Felipe Jiménez-Aspee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic Profile ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

First Time ◽

Derivatives Of

Persicaria maculosa (Polygonaceae) (known as lady’s thumb) is an annual morphologically variable weed that is widely distributed in Chile. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifeedant potential of methanolic (MeOH), ethanolic (EtOH), and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts from the aerial parts of this plant collected in the Valparaíso and Curicó provinces (Chile) and relate this activity to the antioxidant capacity and the presence of phenolic compounds in the extracts. A phenolic profile based on HPLC-ESI-MS/MS allowed the identification of 26 phenolic compounds, most of them glycosyl derivatives of isorhamnetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. In addition, the total phenolic content (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion scavenging (O2−), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) of the extracts are reported. The antifeedant potentials of the plant extracts were tested against Epilachna paenulata, Pseudaletia adultera, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and Diaphorina citri insects for the first time. The activity against the aphid M. euphorbiae was significant for the DCM extracts of plants from Valparaíso and Curicó (settling % = 23% ± 4% and 23% ± 5%, respectively). The antifeedant activities against the beetle E. paenulata and the lepidoptera P. adultera were significant for Valparaíso extracts, especially when tested against E. Paenulata (IFP = 1.0 ± 0.0). Finally, the MeOH and EtOH extracts from Valparaíso plants reduced the diet consumption of the psilid D. citri (p < 0.05). The results showed that P. maculosa is a good source of flavonoids with some antioxidant capacities and has potential interest as botanical eco-friendly alternative with deterrent activity.

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