scholarly journals Lemon Juice, Sesame Paste, and Autoclaving Influence Iron Bioavailability of Hummus: Assessment by an In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Doumani ◽  
Isabelle Severin ◽  
Laurence Dahbi ◽  
Elias Bou-Maroun ◽  
Maya Tueni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Hadamard Matrix ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Promising Source

Hummus, an iron-containing plant-based dish mainly made from chickpea purée, tahini, lemon juice and garlic, could be a valuable source of iron when bioavailable. Since the processing and formulation of food influence iron bioavailability, the present study investigated for the first time, their effects on hummus. Firstly, iron bioaccessibility was assessed on eight samples (prepared according to the screening Hadamard matrix) by in vitro digestion preceding iron dialysis. Then, iron bioavailability of four selected samples was estimated by the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Total and dialyzable iron were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry and ferritin formation was determined using an ELISA kit. Only autoclaving, among other processes, had a significant effect on iron bioaccessibility (+9.5, p < 0.05). Lemon juice had the highest positive effect (+15.9, p < 0.05). Consequently, the effect of its acidic components were investigated based on a full factorial 23 experimental design; no significant difference was detected. Garlic’s effect was not significant, but tahini’s effect was negative (−8.9, p < 0.05). Despite the latter, hummus had a higher iron bioavailability than only cooked chickpeas (30.4 and 7.23 ng ferritin/mg protein, respectively). In conclusion, hummus may be a promising source of iron; further in vivo studies are needed for confirmation.

Use of Medium Potency Statins Is Associated with Improved Outcomes after Frontline RCHOP in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
Sushanth Gouni ◽  
Paolo Strati ◽  
Jason Westin ◽  
Loretta J. Nastoupil ◽  
Raphael E Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Pre-clinical studies show that statins may improve the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in patients with DLBCL, through interference with cell membrane-initiated signaling pathways. Clinical retrospective studies, however, yield conflicting data, due to heterogeneous properties of statins, including potency and hydrophilicity. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with previously untreated, advanced stage DLBCL, non-double hit, treated with frontline R-CHOP between 01/01/2000 and 09/01/2019 (data cut-off 04/15/2020) at MD Anderson Cancer Center, and for whom data regarding statin use at time of initiation of treatment were available. Lugano 2014 response criteria were applied retrospectively for response assessment. Cellular cholesterol levels were analyzed in 6 DLBCL cell lines using an Amplex red fluorometric assay. A doxorubicin (DXR)-resistant cell line was generated exposing SUDHL4 cells to escalating doses of DXR; a DXR-resistant DLBCL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was established through serial transplantation and exposure to DXR. Results: 271 patients were included in the analysis, 182 (67%) were older than 60 years, 134 (49%) were male, 212 (72%) had stage IV disease, and 217 (80%) had an IPI score &gt; 3; upon pathological review, 38 (36%) cases were non-GCB type, and 18 (28%) were double-expressors; 214 (79%) were able to complete all planned 6 cycles of RCHOP. Seventy-nine (29%) patients received statins at time of initiation of chemoimmunotherapy: 15 patients received low potency statin, 51 medium and 13 high; 18 patients received hydrophilic statins and 61 lipophilic. Patients receiving statins were significantly older as compared to patients who did not (p&lt;0.001); no other significant difference in baseline characteristics was observed when comparing the 2 groups. Overall, 265 out of 271 patients were evaluable for response, as 6 stopped treatment because of toxicity before first response assessment. Among these, ORR was 95% (252/265) and CR rate was 62% (165/265). ORR rate was identical in patients who were treated with statin and those who did not (95% both, p=1). After a median follow-up of 77 months (95% CI, 70-84 months), 119 patients progressed/died, median PFS was not reached and 6-year PFS was 57%. 6-year PFS rate according to statin intensity was: 48% (low), 72% (medium), 57% (high). PFS. 6-year PFS rate was 64% for hydrophilic and 72% for lipophilic statins. Patients treated with statins had a trend for longer PFS (p=0.06), significantly longer for patients receiving medium potency statins (p=0.04). No significant difference in PFS was observed when comparing patients treated with lipophilic statins to all others (not reached vs 84 months, p=0.22). To confirm these clinical data, in-vitro and in-vivo studies were performed. Six cell lines were tested: 4 with high cholesterol content (SUDHL4, HBL1, HT, and U2932; 5.0-8.0 µg/mg protein), and 2 with low cholesterol content (DOHH2 and OCI-LY19; 1.5-2.0 µg/mg protein); the latter showed the highest sensitivity to DXR-mediated killing. The combination of lovastatin and DXR (10nM) was tested in all 4 cell lines with high cholesterol content, resulting in more cell death than either treatment alone. Lovastatin (at the nanomolar range) resensitized DXR-resistant SUDHL4 cells to DXR. Finally, in a DXR-resistant PDX model, the combination of lovastatin and DXR resulted in delayed tumor growth as compared to chemotherapy alone. Conclusions: Use of medium potency statins is associated with improved outcomes after frontline RCHOP in patients with DLBCL. This was further confirmed in functional in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Future interventional studies, aimed at improving outcomes in these patients using this novel combination, are warranted. Disclosures Westin: Amgen: Consultancy; 47: Research Funding; Kite: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Morphosys: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Curis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding. Nastoupil:Gamida Cell: Honoraria; Merck: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Karus Therapeutics: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead/KITE: Honoraria. Neelapu:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Merck: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Other: personal fees; Celgene: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Novartis: Other: personal fees; Karus Therapeutics: Research Funding; N/A: Other; Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Patents & Royalties; Acerta: Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; Poseida: Research Funding; Precision Biosciences: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Legend Biotech: Other; Adicet Bio: Other; Allogene Therapeutics: Other: personal fees, Research Funding; Cell Medica/Kuur: Other: personal fees; Calibr: Other; Incyte: Other: personal fees; Unum Therapeutics: Other, Research Funding. Landgraf:NCI/NIH: Research Funding. Vega:NCI: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Preparation and preclinical evaluation of aceclofenac loaded pectinate mucoadhesive microspheres

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Chakraborty ◽  
Priyanka Nayak ◽  
Bala Murali Krishna ◽  
Madhusmruti Khandai ◽  
Ashoke Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the present research work was to fabricate aceclofenac loaded pectinate microspheres by ionic gelation method and evaluate the effect of different cross-linking agents and polymer concentration on particle size, encapsulation efficacy and drug release behavior. It was also investigated that whether this pectinate dosage form was able to target the drug release in intestinal region and prevent the different side effect associated with the drug in stomach or not. It was observed that particle size, encapsulation efficacy and in vitro drug release were largely depended on polymer concentration and cross-linking agents. It was also observed that pectinate microspheres showed excellent pH depended mucoadhesive properties and they were able to restrict the drug release in stomach. <em>In vitro</em> drug release study showed that alminium-pectinate microspheres have more sustaining property as compared to barium-pectinate microspheres. Holm-Sidak multiple comparison analysis suggested a significant difference in measured t<sub>50%</sub> values among all the formulations with same cross-linking agent. In vivo studies revealed that the anti inflammatory and analgesic effects induced by pectinate microspheres were significantly high and prolonged as compared to pure drug. So, pectinate microspheres can be an excellent carrier for targeting the delivery of aceclofenac as well as help in improving the patient compliance by prolonging the systemic absorption.

scholarly journals In vitro neuroprotective activities of two distinct probiotic consortia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Michael ◽  
T.S. Davies ◽  
K.E. Loxley ◽  
M.D. Allen ◽  
M.A. Good ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Neurodegeneration has been linked to changes in the gut microbiota and this study compares the neuroprotective capability of two bacterial consortia, known as Lab4 and Lab4b, using the established SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model. Firstly, varying total antioxidant capacities (TAC) were identified in the intact cells from each consortia and their secreted metabolites, referred to as conditioned media (CM). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Crystal Violet (CV) assays of cell viability revealed that Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM could induce similar levels of proliferation in SH-SY5Y cells and, despite divergent TAC, possessed a comparable ability to protect undifferentiated and retinoic acid-differentiated cells from the cytotoxic actions of rotenone and undifferentiated cells from the cytotoxic actions of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM also had the ability to attenuate rotenone-induced apoptosis and necrosis with Lab4b inducing the greater effect. Both consortia showed an analogous ability to attenuate intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in SH-SY5Y cells although the differential upregulation of genes encoding glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase by Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM, respectively, implicates the involvement of consortia-specific antioxidative mechanisms of action. This study implicates Lab4 and Lab4b as potential neuroprotective agents and justifies their inclusion in further in vivo studies.

Effect of Single Dose In Vivo Propranolol Therapy on In Vitro Adhesion of Human SS RBC.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1234-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. De Castro ◽  
Jude C. Jonassaint ◽  
Jennifer G. Johnson ◽  
Milena Batchvarova ◽  
Marilyn J. Telen
Keyword(s):  
Safety Data ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Sickle red blood cells (SS RBC) are abnormally adhesive to both endothelial cells (ECs) and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Epinephrine (epi) has been shown to elevate cAMP in SS RBC and increase adhesion of SS RBC to ECs in a protein kinase A-dependent manner. In vitro and in vivo studies performed in our lab have led to the hypothesis that adrenergic stimuli such as epi may initiate or exacerbate vaso-occlusion and thus contribute to the association of vaso-occlusive events with physiologic stress. We are conducting a prospective, dose-escalation pilot clinical study to investigate whether in vivo administration of one dose of propranolol either down-regulates baseline SS RBC adhesion in vitro or prevents its upregulation by epi. In addition, this study will provide additional safety data regarding the use of propranolol in normotensive patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Figure Figure To date, we have completed the first two dose cohorts. 11 subjects (9 SS and 1 Sβ° thalassemia; 7 females, 3 males) have participated. No severe adverse events were noted. Cohorts 1 and 2 had mean pre-propranolol blood pressure (BP) of 116 (5.9 SD)/ 60.4 (3.98 SD) and 106.8 (4.68 SD)/ 58 (3.9 SD), respectively; this difference was not statistically significant. Minimal and asymptomatic changes in BP were noted in both cohorts after drug administration, with biphasic systolic and diastolic BP nadirs at 45 and 240 minutes. No clinically significant changes in heart rate were observed. Adhesion studies were performed using a graduated height flow chamber on the day of RBC collection. RBC adhesion to ECs was studied before and after epi stimulation and was measured at sheer stresses ranging from 1 to 3 dyne/cm2. Baseline adhesion measurements were validated by comparing percent (%) adhesion assayed at 2 different times within 7 days—at screening and before propranolol dose on the study drug day. We observed no significant difference in adhesion at the 2 different time points without propranolol. Comparison of % adhesion of epi-stimulated RBC to ECs before and 1 hour after propranolol showed that propranolol given in vivo significantly inhibited both non-stimulated and epi-stimulated SS RBC adhesion (p=0.04 and p=0.001, respectively). Lastly, comparison of SS RBC adhesion at both drug doses confirmed the drug-related inhibition of adhesion (p&lt;0.004). We conclude that propranolol administered in vivo decreases SS RBC baseline adhesion to ECs and substantially abrogates epi-stimulated adhesion to ECs, as measured in vitro. Although we have thus far studied only a small number of patients and low propranolol doses, we expect to confirm these results with the 3rd cohort, in which a higher dose of propranolol will be used. If our findings continue to show that propranolol can decrease both SS RBC baseline and epi-stimulated adhesion to ECs, study of propranolol on a larger scale would be warranted in order to ascertain its safety and efficacy as an anti-adhesive therapy in SCD.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Film of Losartan Potassium

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhageerathy A ◽  
Sandhya Murali ◽  
eny Sara Thomas ◽  
Sigi Vasanthkumar ◽  
Prasanth V V
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Losartan Potassium ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Significant Difference

A total of nine formulations of fast dissolving films of Losartan Potassium were developed by solvent casting method using film forming polymers such as HPMC E5, E15 and E50 and other film modifiers. The appearances of films were transparent, thin, flexible, elastic, smooth and transparent. The weight variation ranged between 16.14 ± 0.192 and 17.31 ± 0.313 and showed that there was no significant difference in the weight of individual formulations. All the formulations showed more than 150 of folding endurance. The drug content was found to be in an acceptable range for all the formulations which indicated uniform distribution of drug. A rapid dissolution of all the film was observed by the dissolution test, in which above 90% of Losartan Potassium was released within 5 min. The formulation F1 showed maximum drug release (98.73) within 5 minutes. Based on the in vitro drug release, drug content and in vitro disintegration time it is found that F1 was selected as the best formulation. The formulations showed satisfactory physical stability at 40°C at 75 % RH. Losartan Potassium (LOSAR-25) is shown in Figure 4. From the results of comparative studies of marketed product and it found that F1 showed 98.73% release within 5 min and LOSAR 25 showed 90.76% release in 30 min. In vitro studies indicate that this potential drug delivery system has considerably good stability and release profile. Nevertheless, further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these results.

scholarly journals A Combined In Vitro (Caco-2 Cell) and In Vivo (Gallus gallus) Assessment Reveals the Iron Benefits of Consuming the Fast Cooking Manteca Yellow Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (P10-114-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Wiesinger ◽  
Raymond Glahn ◽  
Karen Cichy ◽  
Nikolai Kolba ◽  
Jon Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives The common dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a globally produced pulse crop and an important source of protein and micronutrients for millions of people across Latin America and Africa. In these regions, energy for cooking is expensive or scarce and long cooking times deter consumers from purchasing beans. In addition, many of the preferred black and red seed types have phytate and polyphenols that limit the absorption of trace minerals. Yellow beans are unique because their seed coats are rich in kaempferol 3-glucoside, a recently discovered promoter of iron absorption. Several market classes of yellow beans are sold throughout Latin America and Africa, where they are marketed at premium prices for their fast cooking tendencies. Exploring the yellow bean's unique heritage to develop new fast cooking varieties that deliver more absorbable iron would be useful for regions where inhabitants have limited access to fuelwood for cooking. This study compared the iron bioavailability of three fast cooking yellow beans from Africa with contrasting seed coat colors (Manteca, Amarillo, Njano) to slower cooking white and red kidney commercial varieties from North America (Table 1). Methods Cooked beans were formulated into diets with the complementary food crops of potato, rice and cabbage. Iron bioavailability was measured as ferritin formation in an in vitro digestion Caco-2 bioassay and the ability to maintain total body iron hemoglobin (Hb-Fe) during a 6 week in vivo (Gallus gallus) feeding trial. Results Animals fed yellow bean diets had faster growth rates, accumulated more dietary iron and had higher Hb-Fe than animals fed either kidney bean diet (Figure 1). In contrast to yellow beans, the kidney beans had almost no kaempferol 3-glucoside (Table 2). When compared to the other four bean based diets, the fast cooking Manteca yellow bean diet had the highest Caco-2 ferritin formation in vitro (Table 3) and delivered the largest increase in Hb-Fe in vivo (Figure 1). Conclusions Through the added benefit of fast preparation times and improved iron quality after cooking, this study provides evidence that the Manteca market class is worthy of germplasm enhancement as a new convenience food to help alleviate trace mineral deficiencies in regions where beans are widely accepted as a dietary staple. Funding Sources USDA-NIFA. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Steroid effects on permeability of rat thymic lymphocytes to α-aminoisobutyrate

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Blecher
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

In vitro studies of the flux of α-aminoisobutyrate-1-C14 (AIB) between rat thymic lymphocytes and extracellular fluid have revealed that: a) the amino acid enters cells but is not further metabolized; b) at low concentrations, similar to those of amino acids in plasma, the net influx and efflux of AIB exhibit properties of an active process; and c) influx of AIB is inhibited, and efflux stimulated, by deoxycorticosterone (DOC), by metabolic inhibitors, and by other specific steroids. In vivo studies of the distribution of AIB between serum and tissue demonstrated that administration of DOC to adrenalectomized rats inhibited concentration of AIB by thymus, diaphragm, and skeletal muscle, augmented uptake by liver, and increased the serum level of AIB. Prior adrenalectomy of donor rats resulted in no change from normal in the in vitro capacity of thymic lymphocytes to take up AIB. There was no significant difference from normal in the in vivo concentration of AIB by thymus, liver, and skeletal muscle of adrenalectomized rats, although uptake by diaphragm was decreased compared to normal control animals.

Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oxaliplatin-Loaded pH-Responsive Hydrogels in Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (44) ◽  
pp. 5755-5763
Author(s):  
Kaleem Ullah ◽  
Shujaat Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Sohail ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Platinum Compound ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Oxaliplatin (OXP), a 3rd generation platinum compound, which causes severe side effects due to; impulse high concentration in the bloodstream thereby exposing healthy cells at a high ratio, nonspecific delivery at the target site and non-compliance is administered intravenously. Objective: The project was aimed at the development, characterization, and in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of pHresponsive hydrogels for oral administration of OXP. Methods: Hydrogel formulations were synthesized through a free radical polymerization technique followed by brief characterization using various techniques. The hydrogels were investigated for various in-vitro studies such as sol-gel, drug loading, swelling, drug release, and MTT-assay. While in-vivo studies such as oral tolerability, histopathology, and hematology studies were performed on rabbits. A simple and sensitive HPLC-UV method was optimized and the comparative pharmacokinetic study was performed in rabbits using OXP-oral solution and OXP-loaded hydrogels. Results: In-vitro characterization confirmed that the reactant was successfully crosslinked to form thermally stable hydrogels with decreased crystallinity and rough surface. Swelling and drug release showed that hydrogels were more responsive to basic pH (6.8 and 7.4) in comparison with pH 1.2. The blank hydrogels were cytocompatible as more than 95% of the cells were viable while free OXP and OXP-loaded hydrogels displayed dosedependent cytotoxic effect. In-vivo studies confirmed that chitosan and gelatin hydrogel suspension was well tolerable up to 3800 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Hematology and serum chemistry reports were well within the range suggesting normal liver and kidney functions. Similarly, histopathology slides of rabbit vital organs were also found normal without causing any histopathological change. Conclusion: HPLC-UV method was successfully optimized for OXP detection in oral solution and hydrogels administered to rabbits. A significant difference was found among various pharmacokinetic parameters by comparing the two groups including half-life (t1/2), tmax, Cmax, AUCtot MRT, Vz, and Lz.

scholarly journals Can Bone Compaction Improve Primary Implant Stability? An In Vitro Comparative Study with Osseodensification Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8623
Author(s):  
Alessandro Antonelli ◽  
Francesco Bennardo ◽  
Ylenia Brancaccio ◽  
Selene Barone ◽  
Felice Femiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Primary Implant ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims to analyze bone compaction and osseodensification techniques and to investigate how cancellous bone compaction could influence primary implant stability (PS). Methods: Two different surgical protocols (bone compactors—BC; osseodensification drills—OD) were compared by placing 20 implants into 20 fresh pig ribs for each procedure. Peak insertion torque (PIT) and peak removal torque (PRT) were investigated using an MGT-12 digital torque gauge, and implant stability quotient (ISQ) was analyzed using an Osstell® Beacon device. Results: Analysis of our data (T-test p < 0.05) evidenced no statistically significant difference between BC and OD in terms of PIT (p = 0.33) or ISQ (p = 0.97). The comparison of PRT values showed a statistically significant difference between BC and OD protocols (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Cancellous bone compaction seems to improve PS, preserving a significant amount of bone and evenly spreading trabeculae on the entire implant site. Although the PIT and ISQ values obtained are similar, the PRT values suggest a better biological response from the surrounding bone tissue. Nevertheless, a larger sample and further in vivo studies are necessary to validate the usefulness of this protocol in several clinical settings.

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