scholarly journals Multiple SERS Detection of Phenol Derivatives in Tap Water

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Verónica Montes-García ◽  
Isabel Pastoriza-Santos ◽  
Miguel Ángel Prieto ◽  
Jesus Simal-Gandara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Sers Detection ◽  
Ortho Cresol ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects ◽  
Colorimetric Reaction

Phenol and some of its derivatives are products of the petrochemical industry. These compounds are characterized by their exceptional ability to persist in media and reach both food and water used by human beings. The consumption of these compounds has harmful effects on health, producing both acute and chronic effects—among the most prominent damages are teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Compounds such as phenol, ortho-cresol, and 1-napthol are listed by agencies such as the EPA. The aim of this work was the development of a rapid method for the simultaneous detection of these compounds in water samples. The method was based on the colorimetric reaction between phenol derivatives and Gibbs reagent, which forms indophenolates; using increased surface Raman spectroscopy together with statistical methods, SERS spectra were acquired, which were then analyzed. The developed method allows one to at least equalize the detection limits of the colorimetric method through UV–VIS spectroscopy and to discriminate among the three mixed phenols in at least binary aqueous samples. The major advantage of the method is the possibility of discriminating between phenol spectra quickly and easily.

Quantitative Determination of Thiourea in Citrus Fruits

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-701
Author(s):  
Bernadette Mandrou ◽  
Suzanne Brun ◽  
Amara Kingkate
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Alumina Column ◽  
Orange Peels ◽  
Ultraviolet Reflectance ◽  
Spectrometric Measurements ◽  
Colorimetric Reaction

Abstract A quantitative method for thiourea determination in orange peels is proposed, with direct reflectance spectrometric measurements on chromatoplates. Thiourea is separated on a silica gel plate with methanol-chloroform (10+90), and the spots are characterized with 2,6-dichloroquinone chloroimide; this colorimetric reaction is unstable, so thiourea is quantitated on the chromatogram by direct ultraviolet reflectance spectrometric measurements at 240 nm. Comparison between this method and the AOAC colorimetric method shows interferences and higher results in the colorimetric assay. By slightly modifying the extraction technique, such as purifying the extract on an alumina column, it is possible to decrease these interferences and to avoid erroneous results with the AOAC colorimetric method. For both methods, colorimetry in solution and reflectometry on chromatoplates, applied after the proposed extraction technique, the sensitivity is about 1 ppm and the reliabilities are similar.

scholarly journals Serpulina pilosicoli, waterbirds and water: potential sources of infection for humans and other animals

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. OXBERRY ◽  
D. J. TROTT ◽  
D. J. HAMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Abdominal Discomfort ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection

Serpulina pilosicoli was isolated from 8 of 43 (19%) faecal specimens obtained from feral waterbirds sampled around a small lake at Perth Zoological Gardens, Western Australia, and from 3 of 7 (43%) samples of the lake water. The organism was only isolated from 1 of 204 (0·5%) samples from captive birds and animals in the zoological collection. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of the isolates showed that they were genetically diverse, and none had identical electrophoretic profiles as those previously obtained from human beings, dogs, pigs and other avian species. To determine the survival time of S. pilosicoli in water, cells of strain 1648 were seeded into lake and tap water, and incubated at 4, 25 and 37°C. The organism could be recultured from lake water for up to 66 days at 4°C, and for 4 days at 25°C. A healthy human volunteer who drank water seeded with S. pilosicoli strain Wes B became colonized, and developed abdominal discomfort and headaches. Contamination of water by faeces may represent a source of S. pilosicoli infection for both humans and animals.

Anthropogenic lithium in river and tap water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Sik Ryu ◽  
Hye-Bin Choi ◽  
Woo-Jin Shin ◽  
Nathalie Vigier
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Li Isotope ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Li Content

<p>During the last two decades, the use of lithium (Li) has dramatically increased due to the proliferation of mobile electronic devices and the diversification of electric-powered vehicles. While Li can exert a toxic effect on living organisms and human beings, few studies have investigated the impact of anthropogenic inputs on Li content in the environment. Here we report Li concentrations and Li isotope compositions of river, waste and tap water, and industrial products from the metropolitan city of Seoul. Results show that the large increase in population density in Seoul is accompanied by a large enrichment in riverine Li content and that Li isotopes evidence a major release from Li-rich industrial products. Water treatment protocols are also shown to be inefficient for Li. Our study therefore highlights the need for a global Li survey and adequate solutions for minimizing their impact on ecosystems and city dwellers.</p>

scholarly journals Zn(II) Metal-organic Framework Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Optical Biosensor for Prostate-Specific Antigen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal S. Basaleh ◽  
S. M. El-Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Optical Biosensor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Organic Framework

Abstract PSA, abbreviated of “Prostate-Specific Antigen” is widely used as a considered a significant cancer biomarker for diagnosing prostate cancer. Improvement of a fast, facile, and less cost with high accurate/sensitive/selective methodologies for the PSA determination is stock-still a challenge. In this work, we reported a simple biosensor based on a Zn(II) metal-organic framework nanoparticles (Zn-MOF-NPs) derived from reaction of zinc acetate with nano organic linker. The structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties of the prepared Zn(II)-MOF-NPs were definite using various spectroscopic and microanalytical tools as SEM-EDX, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC/TGA), and photoluminescence (PL). Obviously, the results revealed that the Zn(II)-MOF-NPs is chemical stable, highly selective and sensitive to PSA, without interferences with other common interfering analytes. The detection limit for PSA was 0.145 fg/mL, in a wide-linear range of concentrations (0.1 fg/mL-20 pg/mL), with a correlation coefficient 0.983. The Zn(II)-MOF-NPs was successfully used as an up-and-coming biosensor for PSA-monitoring and quantification in biological real samples (plasma/whole blood/serum) at clinical target concentration levels. Moreover, the present approach will help the human-beings from the hazard’s prostatic cancer through early discovery and diagnosis process via the detection of PSA at low limits of concentrations. Meantime, the interaction mechanism between the Zn(II)-MOF-NPs and PSA was well studied and investigated.

scholarly journals A Simple Route for the Preparation of Gold Nanofilms and Their Application in SERS Detection of Pyrene in Water

2022 ◽  
Vol 2160 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Cuipin Wang ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Chunrong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Sers Detection ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Promising Solution

Abstract Design and preparation of various rational gold nanostructures has been recognized as a promising solution for the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal amplification. Here, a simple fabrication method was reported for the synthesis of highly sensitive gold nanofilms for SERS detection through covering ginger-liked gold nanoparticles on the stainless steel sheet. The prepared gold nanofilms were then tested by a dip-SPME-SERS method for detecting pyrene. The limit of detection for pyrene standard solution was 0.1ppb, while the limit of detection for pyrene in tap water and lake water without any pretreatment was 5 ppb, respectively. The whole analysis process takes less than 15 minutes. Our method may be a potential alternative way to the chromatography method. The fabricated gold nanfilms are expected to be used for the rapid and sensitive detection of other pollutants such as organic pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

scholarly journals A simple AuNPs-based colorimetric aptasensor for chlorpyrifos detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Taotao Li ◽  
Gaojian Yang ◽  
Yan Deng ◽  
Xianbo Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Free Gold ◽  
Dissociation Constant Kd ◽  
Colorimetric Aptasensor

Abstract Background Chlorpyrifos (Chl) is an organophosphorus pesticide, which has toxicity to environment, animals and human beings. To overcome the shortages of traditional detection methods of small molecular, this study aimed to develop a sensitive, simple, low cost and on-site rapid method for Chl analysis and detection. Thus, we developed a simple label-free gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based colorimetric biosensor aptasensor for Chl detection using an aptamer as the caputure probe. Results The Chl-aptamer with low dissociation constant (Kd) of 58.59 ± 6.08 (nM) was selected by ssDNA library immobilized systematic evolution of ligands by enrichment (SELEX). In the absence of Chl, the Chl-aptamer acted as the stabilizer for AuNPs in salt solution. In the presence of Chl, the highly specific Chl-aptamer bound with Chl targets immediately thus a self-aggregation of AuNPs induced by salt was displayed. The fabricated colorimetric aptasensor exhibited an excellent sensitivity for Chl detection with the limit of detection as low as 14.46 nM. In addition, the aptasensor was applied to test Chl in tap water, cucumber and cabbage samples, which showed satisfying results with excellent recovery values between 96.2% and 105.6% and acceptable RSD values below 5%. Conclusions The developed colorimetric aptasensor can serve as a promising candidate for Chl detection in the area of biosensors, which also showed a great potential in simple, cheap and rapid detection of Chl.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Detection of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers Using Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide-Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes/Gold Nanoparticles Nanocomposite

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Angélica Domínguez-Aragón ◽  
Rocio B. Dominguez ◽  
Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes

An electrochemical sensor based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO), carboxylated carbon nanotubes (cMWCNT), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (GCE/ErGO-cMWCNT/AuNPs) was developed for the simultaneous detection of dihidroxybenzen isomers (DHB) hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and resorcinol (RS) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The fabrication and optimization of the system were evaluated with Raman Spectroscopy, SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and DPV. Under optimized conditions, the GCE/ErGO-cMWCNT/AuNPs sensor exhibited a linear concentration range of 1.2–170 μM for HQ and CC, and 2.4–400 μM for RS with a detection limit of 0.39 μM, 0.54 μM, and 0.61 μM, respectively. When evaluated in tap water and skin-lightening cream, DHB multianalyte detection showed an average recovery rate of 107.11% and 102.56%, respectively. The performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of the 3D network formed by the strong π–π stacking interaction between ErGO and cMWCNT, combined with the active catalytic sites of AuNPs. Additionally, the cMWCNT provided improved electrocatalytic properties associated with the carboxyl groups that facilitate the adsorption of the DHB and the greater amount of active edge planes. The proposed GCE/ErGO-cMWCNT/AuNPs sensor showed a great potential for the simultaneous, precise, and easy-to-handle detection of DHB in complex samples with high sensitivity.

scholarly journals THE ADRENALIN INDEX OF THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

1914 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. W. Sydenstricker ◽  
B. J. Delatour ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Suprarenal Glands ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Physiological Values

The adrenalin index as used in this paper means the amount of adrenalin in milligrams per gram of gland. As in our hands the chemical colorimetric method has proved more accurate, these values rather than the physiological values will be given in the final analysis. The two adrenal glands in the same individual as a rule contain about the same amount of adrenalin per gram, but variations of 10 to 20 per cent. are not unusual. Normal dogs show an index which may vary from 1.2 to 1.8 milligrams. The dogs were killed by short ether anesthesia and bleeding from the carotid. Normal human beings, dying from trauma, rupture of aneurysm, etc., show an index of 0.35 to 0.50 of a milligram, when autopsy takes place a few hours after death. Deterioration of uncut glands or of a gland hash kept on ice in the dark is not rapid and rarely exceeds 10 per cent. in twenty-four hours. Acute intoxication in dogs shows a low adrenalin index, especially the intoxication associated with intestinal obstruction and the closed intestinal loop. Intravenous injection of the poison found in closed duodenal loops sufficient to cause fatal shock causes a great drop in the adrenalin index, at times to one fourth normal or even lower. After recovery from a sublethal toxic dose the adrenalin index may rise rapidly to a point considerably above normal. The same may hold for recovery after chloroform poisoning. Anesthesia by chloroform or ether causes a drop in the adrenalin index depending upon the length of anesthesia and probably in part on the depth of anesthesia. Liver poisons (chloroform, phosphorus, hydrazine) cause a drop in the adrenal index to a low level, perhaps one half normal in acute cases. Pancreas extirpation with prolonged glycosuria and death produces a great drop in the adrenalin index (cat). There is evidence that this may hold in some cases of human diabetes. In man disease of one adrenal (tuberculosis) may be associated with an adrenalin index of double the normal value in the intact adrenal. Pernicious anemia is the only disease so far found to present an abnormally high adrenalin index, and the single case shows an index at least twice normal. This is of interest especially in relation to the views recently put forward to indicate that the spleen and adrenal may be concerned in the lipoid metabolism which is thought to be profoundly disturbed in this disease. Secondary anemia due to repeated hemorrhage or the intoxication of cancer or tuberculosis causes a fall in the adrenalin index. Cachexia due to neoplasm or tuberculosis may cause a marked fall in the adrenalin index, perhaps to less than one half of normal. Acute infections (typhoid fever), septicemia, peritonitis, and similar conditions may be associated with a normal adrenalin index or one somewhat below normal. Diseases of the kidneys, heart, or blood vessels associated with elevated blood pressure show no constant variation in the adrenalin index, which may be normal or slightly subnormal.

Colorimetric and Ion-Pair Column Partition Determination of Phenylephrine in Drug Formula

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-506
Author(s):  
Michel Margosis
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Partition Method ◽  
Collaborative Evaluation ◽  
Colorimetric Reaction

Abstract The Emerson 4-aminoantipyrine colorimetric reaction as modified by Hiskey and Levin was applied to a number of commercial products containing antibiotics. Acetaminophen and tetracycline were found to interfere. Four different solutions containing varying known amounts of phenylephrine were submitted to a collaborative evaluation of the Koshy and Mitchner modification of the Emerson reaction, and to the ion-pair column partition method of Levine and Doyle. The results were evaluated statistically. The colorimetric method showed average recoveries of 99.7% for solution 1, 96.1% for solution 2, and 100.7% for solution 3, with a 95% confidence limit of ±1.4, 2.0, and 3.0%, respectively. Average recoveries by the ion-pair column partition method were 84–101% with 95% confidence limits ranging between 10 and 22%. The colorimetric reaction of Emerson as modified by Koshy and Mitchner is recommended for adoption as official first action, but collaborative study of the ion-pair column partition method of Levine and Doyle should be repeated.

Wet Chemical and UV-Vis Spectrometric Iron Speciation in Quenched Low and Intermediate Level Nuclear Waste Glasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 1744 ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Weaver ◽  
Nathalie A. Wall ◽  
John S. McCloy
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Glass Compositions

ABSTRACTIn this study wet chemical methods combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy were performed to quantify Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios and total iron content of quenched alkali alumino-boro-silicate (simulated nuclear waste) glasses, applying a colorimetric method. We report lessons learned from experimental challenges encountered associated with the colorimetric method, where 1,10 phenanthroline method is complexed with dissolved glass powder and the resulting solution measured for absorbance at 520 nm to determine Fe(II). To obtain total iron, the solution was then equilibrated with a mild reducing agent to chance all Fe to Fe(II), and the absorbance measured again at 520 nm. These absorbance values allowed for calculation of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio, and the total iron content in the glasses. Total Fe measured is somewhat higher than as-batched target values for waste glasses, but very accurate for reference BCR-2G glass. All quenched alumino-boro-silicate glasses analyzed showed a Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio between 0.06 (± 0.01) and 0.04 (± 0.01). These values are consistent with those obtained for similar glass compositions melted under analogous conditions, indicating a composition of ca. 94-96% Fe(III).

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