scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Gasification and Adiabatic Digestion of Corn for Practical Implementation in Conventional Gas Turbines

Gases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Milana Guteša Božo ◽  
Agustin Valera-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Corn Cob

Clean, more responsible energy production in gas turbine power plants is a challenge. Interestingly, various alternative sources could be found in agricultural locations with great potential of being transformed from agricultural waste to energy. Corn cob gasification gas could be successfully implemented in gas turbines through co-firing with natural gas. Concurrently, agricultural biogas could also be employed for such a purpose. The technology could be implemented in locations such as Vojvodina, Serbia, which is an agricultural region with great potential for producing biogas from agricultural waste. Therefore, this paper approaches the practical implementation of gas produced by adiabatic corn digestion with CO2 recirculation. Five different cases were assessed. The results are compared to previous analyses that used co-firing of the corn cob gasification gas in representative gas turbine systems. Impacts of the fuel composition on the characteristics of combustion were analyzed using CHEMKIN PRO with GRI–Mech 3.0. Impacts of fuel quality on the power plant performance were analyzed through calculations with a numerical model based on a Brayton cycle of 3.9 MW power output. The application shows acceptable values during co-firing with natural gas without modification of the overall system, with better outlet parameters compared to pure corn gasification gas.

scholarly journals Fuel quality impact analysis for practical implementation of corn COB gasification gas in conventional gas turbine power plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milana Guteša Božo ◽  
Agustin Valera-Medina ◽  
Nick Syred ◽  
Philip J. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Corn Cob

Alternative Fuel Considerations for Gas Turbine Combustion

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Stuttaford
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Combustion

Gas turbines have the advantage of being able to operate on a wide range of fuels. Given the escalating cost of conventional fuel sources such as natural gas, there is increasing interest in, and implementation of, systems burning lower cost fuel gases. There are significant combustor performance effects when utilizing different fuels. Flame stability, emissions, durability, and combustion dynamics are critical combustion parameters which must be controlled when varying fuel constituents. Significant emphasis continues to be placed on the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as well as syngas derived from coal and petroleum coke. The elimination of carbon from gaseous coal based fuels also offers the possibility of burning hydrogen to reduce or eliminate carbon dioxide emissions. Existing stringent emissions permits must be met by power plants utilizing these different fuels. There is also a requirement for the flexible use of these fuels allowing power plants to switch real time between fuel sources using the same combustion hardware, without affecting commercial generating schedules. This highlights the requirement for fuel preparation and control skids, as well as robust combustion systems, for reliable plant operations. The objective of this work is to review fuel properties which affect combustion and consider the methods and tools used to characterize the subsequent combustion characteristics. The work focuses on gaseous fuel premixed combustion. A full scale high pressure combustion test stand was used to evaluate the effects of various gaseous fuels on given gas turbine combustor configurations. Data collected through the testing of natural gas containing heavy hydrocarbons, as might be expected from liquefied LNG or refinery offgas, and hydrogen based syngas fuel blends with natural gas to simulate various coal gas blends, is presented with conclusions drawn based upon the critical combustion parameters mentioned above. A methodology for fuel characterization and combustor qualification for the acceptable operation of gas turbine combustors on various gaseous fuels is discussed. The practical implementation of multi-fuel systems on commercially operating engines is also discussed, with emphasis on diluent free premixed systems.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines and Natural Gas Synergism

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (02) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
Gas Fueled

This article presents a study on new electric power gas turbines and the advent of shale natural gas, which now are upending electrical energy markets. Energy Information Administration (EIA) results show that total electrical production cost for a conventional coal plant would be 9.8 cents/kWh, while a conventional natural gas fueled gas turbine combined cycle plant would be a much lower at 6.6 cents/kWh. Furthermore, EIA estimates that 70% of new US power plants will be fueled by natural gas. Gas turbines are the prime movers for the modern combined cycle power plant. On the natural gas side of the recently upended electrical energy markets, new shale gas production and the continued development of worldwide liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities provide the other element of synergism. The US natural gas prices are now low enough to compete directly with coal. The study concludes that the natural gas fueled gas turbine will continue to be a growing part of the world’s electric power generation.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines - Major Greenhouse Gas Inhibitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle

This article explains how combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants can help in reducing greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. In the last 25 years, the development and deployment of CCGT power plants represent a technology breakthrough in efficient energy conversion, and in the reduction of greenhouse gas production. Existing gas turbine CCGT technology can provide a reliable, on-demand electrical power at a reasonable cost along with a minimum of greenhouse gas production. Natural gas, composed mostly of methane, is a hydrocarbon fuel used by CCGT power plants. Methane has the highest heating value per unit mass of any of the hydrocarbon fuels. It is the most environmentally benign of fuels, with impurities such as sulfur removed before it enters the pipeline. If a significant portion of coal-fired Rankine cycle plants are replaced by the latest natural gas-fired CCGT power plants, anthropogenic carbon dioxide released into the earth’s atmosphere would be greatly reduced.

Prediction of Gas Turbine On- and Off-Design Performance When Firing Coal-Derived Syngas

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

This paper describes a procedure used to model the performance of gas turbines designed to fire natural gas (or distillate oil) when fired on medium-Btu fuel, such as coal-derived syngas. Results from such performance studies can be used in the design or analysis of Gasification Combined Cycle (GCC) power plants. The primary difficulty when firing syngas in a gas turbine designed for natural gas is the tendency to drive the compressor toward surge. If the gas turbine has sufficient surge margin and mechanical durability, Gas Turbine Evaluation code (GATE) simulations indicate that net output power can be increased on the order of 15 percent when firing syngas due to the advantageous increase in the ratio of the expander-to-compressor mass flow rates. Three classes of single-spool utility gas turbines are investigated spanning firing temperatures from 1985°F-2500°F (1358 K-1644 K). Performance simulations at a variety of part-load and ambient temperature conditions are described; the resulting performance curves are useful in GCC power plant studies.

Past, Present and Future of Combined Cycle Power Plants: From an A/E’s Perspective

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
The U.S

In the 1970s, power generation from gas turbines was minimal. Gas turbines in those days were run on fuel oil, since there was a so-called “natural gas shortage”. The U.S. Fuel Use Act of 1978 essentially disallowed the use of natural gas for power generation. Hence there was no incentive on the part of gas turbine manufacturers to invest in the development of gas turbine technology. There were many regulatory developments in the 1980s and 1990s, which led to the rapid growth in power generation from gas turbines. These developments included Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act of 1978 (encouraging cogeneration), FERC Order 636 (deregulating natural gas industry), Energy Policy Act of 1992 (creating EWGs and IPPs) and FERC Order 888 (open access to electrical transmission system). There was also a backlash from excessive electric rates due to high capital recovery of nuclear and coal-fired plant costs caused by tremendous cost increase resulting from tightening NRC requirements for nuclear plants and significant SO2/NOx/other emissions controls required for coal-fired plants. During this period, rapid technology developments took place in the metallurgy, design, efficiency, and reliability of gas turbines. In addition, U.S. DOE contributed to these developments by encouraging research and development efforts in high temperature and high efficiency gas turbines. Today we are seeing a tremendous explosion of power generating facilities by electric utilities and Independent Power Producers (IPPs). A few years ago, Merchant Power (generation without power purchase agreements) was unheard of. Today it is growing at a very fast pace. Can this rapid growth be sustained? The paper will explore the factors that will play a significant role in the future growth of gas turbine-based power generation in the U.S. The paper will also discuss the methods and developments that could decrease the capital costs of gas turbine power plants resulting in the lowest cost generation compared to other power generation technologies.

Development of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine/Steam Plant for Training Marine and Power Engineers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peter Sarnacki ◽  
Richard Kimball ◽  
Barbara Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Steam Plant

The integration of micro turbine engines into the engineering programs offered at Maine Maritime Academy (MMA) has created a dynamic, hands-on approach to learning the theoretical and operational characteristics of a turbojet engine. Maine Maritime Academy is a fully accredited college of Engineering, Science and International Business located on the coast of Maine and has over 850 undergraduate students. The majority of the students are enrolled in one of five majors offered at the college in the Engineering Department. MMA already utilizes gas turbines and steam plants as part of the core engineering training with fully operational turbines and steam plant laboratories. As background, this paper will overview the unique hands-on nature of the engineering programs offered at the institution with a focus of implementation of a micro gas turbine trainer into all engineering majors taught at the college. The training demonstrates the effectiveness of a working gas turbine to translate theory into practical applications and real world conditions found in the operation of a combustion turbine. This paper presents the efforts of developing a combined cycle power plant for training engineers in the operation and performance of such a plant. Combined cycle power plants are common in the power industry due to their high thermal efficiencies. As gas turbines/electric power plants become implemented into marine applications, it is expected that combined cycle plants will follow. Maine Maritime Academy has a focus on training engineers for the marine and stationary power industry. The trainer described in this paper is intended to prepare engineers in the design and operation of this type of plant, as well as serve as a research platform for operational and technical study in plant performance. This work describes efforts to combine these laboratory resources into an operating combined cycle plant. Specifically, we present efforts to integrate a commercially available, 65 kW gas turbine generator system with our existing steam plant. The paper reviews the design and analysis of the system to produce a 78 kW power plant that approaches 35% thermal efficiency. The functional operation of the plant as a trainer is presented as the plant is designed to operate with the same basic functionality and control as a larger commercial plant.

Influence of Ambient Conditions on an Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Based Cogeneration Plant — A Comparison of Numerical Simulation With Field Performance Data

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Carcasci ◽  
Bruno Facchini ◽  
Francesco Grillo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Compressor Inlet

Gas turbine performances are directly related to outside conditions. The use of gas turbines in combined gas-steam power plants, also applied to cogeneration, increases performance dependence by outside conditions, because plants boundary conditions become more complex. In recent years, inlet air cooling systems have been introduced to control air temperature and humidity at compressor inlet resulting in an increase in plant power and efficiency. In this paper, the dependence of outside conditions for an existing cogenerative plant, located in Tuscany (Italy), is studied. The plant is equipped with two GE-LM6000 aeroderivative gas-turbines coupled with a three pressure level heat recovery steam generator, cogenerative application being related to the industrial district. The ambient temperature has been found to be the most important factor affecting the plant performance, but relative air humidity variation also has considerable effects. The field performance data are compared with a numerical simulation. The simulation results show a good agreement with the field performance data. The simulation allows evaluation of design and off-design plant performance and can become a useful tool to study the outside condition influence on power plant performance.

scholarly journals CFD Modeling of Syngas Combustion and Emissions for Marine Gas Turbine Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader R. Ammar ◽  
Ahmed I. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Gas Fuel

Abstract Strong restrictions on emissions from marine power plants will probably be adopted in the near future. One of the measures which can be considered to reduce exhaust gases emissions is the use of alternative fuels. Synthesis gases are considered competitive renewable gaseous fuels which can be used in marine gas turbines for both propulsion and electric power generation on ships. The paper analyses combustion and emission characteristics of syngas fuel in marine gas turbines. Syngas fuel is burned in a gas turbine can combustor. The gas turbine can combustor with swirl is designed to burn the fuel efficiently and reduce the emissions. The analysis is performed numerically using the computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS FLUENT. Different operating conditions are considered within the numerical runs. The obtained numerical results are compared with experimental data and satisfactory agreement is obtained. The effect of syngas fuel composition and the swirl number values on temperature contours, and exhaust gas species concentrations are presented in this paper. The results show an increase of peak flame temperature for the syngas compared to natural gas fuel combustion at the same operating conditions while the NO emission becomes lower. In addition, lower CO2 emissions and increased CO emissions at the combustor exit are obtained for the syngas, compared to the natural gas fuel.

scholarly journals Electric Power and Natural Gas Synergism

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (03) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Electrical Supply

This article explains research and development in the field of gas turbine power plants. Natural gas fueled gas turbines driving generators are proving to be the most versatile and effective energy converter in the engineer's arsenal of prime movers. Continued research and development are making these gas turbine power plants even more effective, flexible, and efficient. Gas turbine plants can operate under either base load operations or in quick start/fast shutdown modes. The reliable and dispatchable backup capacity of fast-reacting fossil technology to hedge against variability of electrical supply was a key to successful renewable use in the 26 countries studied. The article concludes that the use of versatile electric power gas turbines fueled by natural gas will continue to grow in the world. In the United States, with recent shale discoveries and fracking of natural gas, such use should increase, with or without the emphasis on renewables.

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