scholarly journals Black Boys’ and Young Men’s Experiences with Criminal Justice and Desistance in England and Wales: A Literature Review

Genealogy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Laura Robertson ◽  
John Peter Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Black boys and young men are over-represented in the youth and adult justice systems in England and Wales. Despite the Lammy Review (2017) into the treatment of and outcomes for Black, Asian, and minority ethnic individuals (BAME) in the criminal justice system, the disproportionate numbers of Black boys and young men at all stages of the system continue to rise. There has been limited qualitative research of Black boys’ and young men’s experiences with the justice system in England and Wales. In particular, there is a lack of evidence on their experiences with sentencing and courts. What is known tends to focus on Black, Asian, and minority ethnic and/or Muslim men’s experiences more generally. A lack of critical understanding of the specific experiences of desistance by young Black men has been criticised in the literature. Set in this context, this review of UK literature focuses on the following questions: (1) What are Black boys’ and young Black men’s experiences with the youth and criminal justice systems in England and Wales? (2) What does research tell us specifically about their experiences with desistance?

“A Rose out of This Cement”

2018 ◽  
pp. 142-161
Author(s):  
Nikki Jones
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Black Fathers ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Chapter 5 tells the story of Jay, one of several young men that Eric and his group tried to support shortly in his efforts to break free from the criminal justice system. I first met Jay when he was in his early twenties. He was just beginning to construct the kind of narrative and life that would lead him away from the street. Five years after our first meeting, I found myself speaking at Jay’s funeral. This chapter reveals the limitations of buffer-and-bridge work when it comes to changing the life trajectory of young men like Jay and highlights the limitations of the crime-fighting community when it comes to protecting Black youth from violence. The chapter provides a compelling illustration of how and why individualistic efforts at transformation or narrowly focused calls for the redemption of Black men in general and Black fathers in particular – narratives often embraced by a variety of community residents – will always fall short of delivering young people from the various forms of violence that shape their adolescence.

The European Integrated Criminal Justice System and its Constitutional Framework

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Member States ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Justice Systems

This article discusses the concept of the integrated European criminal justice system and its constitutional framework (as it stands now and as laid down in the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe signed in Rome on 29 October 2004). It argues that European integration does not stop short of criminal justice. Integration does not mean that Member States and their legal systems, including their criminal justice systems, are being abolished or centralised or unified. Rather, they are being integrated through co-operation, co-ordination and harmonisation; centralisation, respectively unification, is a means of integration only in specific sectors such as the protection of the European Communities' financial interests. The article further argues that the integrated European criminal justice system is in need of a constitutional framework. The present framework suffers from major deficiencies. However, the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe will introduce a far better, all in all satisfactory, ‘criminal law constitution’.

scholarly journals POSSIBLE SENSITIVE VICTIMS - WITNESSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1524
Author(s):  
Azra Adžajlić-Dedović ◽  
Haris Halilović ◽  
Samir Rizvo
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Justice Systems

Victims and witnesses may be reluctant to give information and evidence because of perceived or actual intimidation or threats against themselves or members of their family. This concern may be exacerbated where people who come into contact with the criminal justice system are particularly vulnerable. For instance, by virtue of their age and developing levels of maturity, children require that special measures be taken to ensure that they are appropriately assisted and protected by criminal justice processes.Victims who receive appropriate and adequate care and support are more likely to cooperate with the criminal justice system in bringing perpetrators of crime to justice. However, inadequacies of criminal justice systems may mean that victims are not able to access the services they need and may even be re-victimized by the criminal justice system itself.

scholarly journals A ‘good job’ in difficult conditions: Detectives’ reflections, decisions and discriminations in the context of ‘joint enterprise’

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-481
Author(s):  
Tara Young ◽  
Susie Hulley ◽  
Gary Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Group Violence ◽  
Joint Enterprise ◽  
Minority Ethnic

‘Joint enterprise’ is described as a ‘dragnet’ that draws disproportionate numbers of black and minority ethnic young men into the criminal justice system in England and Wales. While stereotyping by the police and prosecution has been blamed for this distributive injustice, empirical research on joint enterprise is limited. This article presents the findings from a study of homicide and ‘gang’ detectives in London in which they rebut accusations of racial stereotyping when investigating multi-handed crimes. Instead, they claim that the disproportionality reflects the involvement of larger numbers of primarily black men in violent crime. Using Margaret Archer’s social realist theory, detectives frame their actions as being driven by their ‘ultimate concerns’ to do a good job of protecting the public and obtaining justice for victims within the difficult social and cultural context in which they operate. However, in this article, we expose the racialized notions of risk in detectives’ narratives and argue that such ‘colour-blind racism’ is likely to contribute to young black and mixed-race men being overrepresented in cases that draw on the principles of joint enterprise dragging those on the periphery of group violence into the criminal justice net.

Using Varieties of Simulation Modeling for Criminal Justice System Analysis

2011 ◽  
pp. 372-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azahed Alimadad ◽  
Peter Borwein ◽  
Patricia Brantingham ◽  
Paul Brantingham ◽  
Vahid Dabbaghian-Abdoly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Justice System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Policy Proposals

Criminal justice systems are complex. They are composed of several major subsystems, including the police, courts, and corrections, which are in turn composed of many minor subsystems. Predicting the response of a criminal justice system to change is often difficult. Mathematical modeling and computer simulation can serve as powerful tools for understanding and anticipating the behavior of a criminal justice system when something does change. The focus of this chapter is on three different approaches to modeling and simulating criminal justice systems: process modeling, discrete event simulation, and system dynamics. Recent advances in these modeling techniques combined with recent large increases in computing power make it an ideal time to explore their application to criminal justice systems. This chapter reviews these three approaches to modeling and simulation and presents examples of their application to the British Columbia criminal justice system in order to highlight their usefulness in exploring different types of “what-if” scenarios and policy proposals.

How the Criminal Justice System Educates Citizens

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Justice ◽  
Tracey L. Meares
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public School ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Justice System ◽  
School Systems ◽  
Public School Systems ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Justice Systems

There are at least two central pathways through which the modern democratic state interacts with citizens: public school systems and criminal justice systems. Rarely are criminal justice systems thought to serve the educational function that public school systems are specifically designed to provide. Yet for an increasing number of Americans, the criminal justice system plays a powerful and pervasive role in providing a civic education, in anticitizenry, that is the reverse of the education that public schools are supposed to offer. We deploy curriculum theory to analyze three primary processes of the criminal justice system—jury service, incarceration, and policing—and demonstrate the operation of two parallel curricula within them: a symbolic, overt curriculum rooted in positive civic conceptions of fairness and democracy; and a hidden curriculum, rooted in empty or negative conceptions of certain citizens and their relationship to the state.

Conceptualising the Victim in England and Wales and the United States within a Spectrum of Public and Private Interests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Manikis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Justice Systems

Abstract The conception of the victim in criminal justice systems has changed across history and legal systems. A framework that considers the private and public along a spectrum and offers nuances between private and public interests illuminates the ways victims have been conceived within mechanisms of participation in various criminal justice systems and the ways they can oscillate and have oscillated within these categories. This article argues that in England and Wales, victims have been conceived as citizens with both private and predominantly public roles and interests, while in the United States, they have been conceptualised as actors that hold predominantly private interests. Nuances within mechanisms of victim participation that challenge the rigidity of the public/private divide within those jurisdictions are accounted for and discussed.

scholarly journals People in Contact with Criminal Justice Systems Participating in Service Redesign: Vulnerable Citizens or Democratic Partners?

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-321
Author(s):  
Jonathan Parker ◽  
Vanessa Heaslip ◽  
Sara Ashencaen Crabtree ◽  
Berit Johnsen ◽  
Sarah Hean
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Critical Ethnography ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Transformative Development ◽  
Conceptual Consideration ◽  
Service Redesign ◽  
Justice Systems

AbstractThis chapter presents a conceptual consideration of the centrality of ‘voice’ in the Criminal Justice System (CJS), particularly in respect of service development. The hidden perspectives of those who are ‘subject to’, working with or working in the CJS represent important aspects to consider when seeking to change, develop or evaluate services. After emphasising the turn to including the voices of those often excluded from participation we explore aspects of the contested concept of ‘vulnerability’ as a label often applied to those working with CJS. We widen this to consider the vulnerabilities by association that professional take on as popular discourses permeate perceptions of CJS cultures. Subsequently, we examine some of the ways in which the inclusion of hidden and potentially vulnerable voices of those citizens involved with CJS can assist the transformative development of services by irritating the normative perspectives. We advocate an approach based around critical ethnography as a means of sitting with and walking besides people intimately involved in CJS.

scholarly journals Giving Victims a Voice: On the Problems of Introducing Victim Impact Statements in German Criminal Procedure

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1889-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Victim Impact Statements ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Key Participants

Historically, victims of crimes were key participants in the prosecution of crimes around the globe. Over the centuries, however, as public police and prosecution service took over the prosecution of criminal acts, the importance of victims in criminal justice systems decreased in common law and civil law countries alike. The victim was sidelined and the victim's role was reduced to that of a witness for the prosecution. As one of the first scholars to comment on the absence of victims from the criminal justice system, William Frank McDonald referred to the victim as “the forgotten man” in criminal procedure.

scholarly journals The neglected needs of care leavers in the criminal justice system: Practitioners’ perspectives and the persistence of problem (corporate) parenting

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Fitzpatrick ◽  
Patrick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Corporate Parenting

The link between experiences of care and criminal justice systems is well documented, yet curiously neglected in policy and practice. While the over-representation of care leavers in the justice system is often taken as given, there has been negligible change in policy and practice that appropriately responds to the needs of these individuals. Drawing on interviews with practitioners, this article highlights a series of organizational and institutional barriers to implementing a unique intervention. More broadly, such barriers contribute to the persistence of care(less) practice, facilitating the neglect of care leavers’ needs to a system dominated by risk. It is argued that the continued inertia within this area can only be construed as practice negligence and an affront to justice.

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