scholarly journals Potassium Transporter LrKUP8 Is Essential for K+ Preservation in Lycium ruthenicum, A Salt-Resistant Desert Shrub

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Fengbin Dai ◽  
Aijia Li ◽  
Shupei Rao ◽  
Jinhuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Adaptation ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Lycium Ruthenicum ◽  
Balance Mechanism ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity ◽  
Better Than

Salt stress is a major constraint for many crops and trees. A wild species of Goji named Lycium ruthenicum is an important economic halophyte in China and has an extremely high tolerance to salinity. L. ruthenicum grows in saline soil and is known as a potash-rich species. However, its salt adaptation strategies and ion balance mechanism remains poorly understood. Potassium (K+) is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. In this study, a putative salt stress-responsive gene encoding a HAK (high-affinity K+)/KUP (K+ uptake)/KT (K+ transporter) transporter was cloned and designated as LrKUP8. This gene belongs to the cluster II group of the KT/HAK/KUP family. The expression of LrKUP8 was strongly induced under high NaCl concentrations. The OE-LrKUP8 calli grew significantly better than the vector control calli under salt stress conditions. Further estimation by ion content and micro-electrode ion flux indicated a relative weaker K+ efflux in the OE-LrKUP8 calli than in the control. Thus, a key gene involved in K+ uptake under salt condition was functionally characterized using a newly established L. ruthenicum callus transformation system. The importance of K+ regulation in L. ruthenicum under salt tolerance was highlighted.

Indole-3-butyric acid application mitigates sodium chloride stress in two cotton cultivars differing in salt tolerance

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-488
Author(s):  
A. Tammam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Sodium Chloride Stress ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Soil salinity is a major constraint to food production because it limits crop yield and restricts the use of land previously uncultivated. Breeding for tolerance to salinity in crops has usually been limited by the lack of reliable traits for selection. The mechanism of salt tolerance in two cotton ( Gossypium barbadens L.) cultivars (Giza 70 and Giza 88) and their responses to shoot spraying with 200 ppm m −3 IBA were studied.Treatment with IBA not only improved the growth of salt-affected Giza 70, but also increased the growth of this cultivar up to −2.7 MPa and reduced the inhibitory effect of salinity on photosynthetic pigments.This was accompanied by differences in the accumulation of sucrose and total soluble sugars and in the total available carbohydrate and protein contents. IBA ameliorated the inhibitory effect of salinity on growth, increased the carbohydrate and protein contents of both cotton cultivars and markedly retarded the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. It resulted in the reduction of Na + accumulation in Giza 70, while in Giza 88 it enhanced the absorption and translocation of K + , resulting in higher K + /Na + ratios in the shoots. There were pronounced differences in the electrophoretic patterns of the proteins in both cultivars under salt stress and IBA treatment.

scholarly journals Development of a novel Live Attenuated Influenza A Virus vaccine encoding the IgA-inducing protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Joaquín Cáceres ◽  
Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia ◽  
Aarti Jain ◽  
L. Claire Gay ◽  
Silvia Carnaccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Virus ◽  
Better Than

Live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines elicit a combination of systemic and mucosal immunity by mimicking a natural infection. To further enhance protective mucosal responses, we incorporated the gene encoding the IgA-inducing protein (IGIP) into the LAIV genomes of the cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) strain (caLen) and the experimental attenuated backbone A/turkey/Ohio/313053/04 (H3N2) (OH/04att). Incorporation of IGIP into the caLen background led to a virus that grew poorly in prototypical substrates. In contrast, IGIP in the OH/04att background (IGIP-H1att) virus grew to titers comparable to the isogenic backbone H1att (H1N1) without IGIP. IGIP-H1att- and H1caLen-vaccinated mice were protected against lethal challenge with a homologous virus. The IGIP-H1att vaccine generated robust serum HAI responses in naïve mice against the homologous virus, equal or better than those obtained with the H1caLen vaccine. Analyses of IgG and IgA responses using a protein microarray revealed qualitative differences in humoral and mucosal responses between vaccine groups. Overall, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the IGIP-H1att group showed trends towards increased stimulation of IgG and IgA responses compared to H1caLen samples. In summary, introduction of genes encoding immunomodulatory functions into a candidate LAIV that can serve as natural adjuvants to improve overall vaccine safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals Calcium Improves Germination and Growth of Sorghum bicolor Seedlings under Salt Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Takalani Mulaudzi ◽  
Kaylin Hendricks ◽  
Thembeka Mabiya ◽  
Mpho Muthevhuli ◽  
Rachel Fanelwa Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
High Salt Stress ◽  
Delayed Germination ◽  
Germination And Growth

Salinity is a major constraint limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Thus, understanding the mechanism underlying plant stress response is of importance to developing new approaches that will increase salt tolerance in crops. This study reports the effects of salt stress on Sorghum bicolor during germination and the role of calcium (Ca2+) to ameliorate some of the effects of salt. To this end, sorghum seeds were germinated in the presence and absence of different NaCl (200 and 300 mM) and Ca2+ (5, 15, or 35 mM) concentrations. Salt stress delayed germination, reduced growth, increased proline, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Salt also induced the expression of key antioxidant (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) and the Salt Overlay Sensitive1 genes, whereas in the presence of Ca2+ their expression was reduced except for the vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger antiporter2 gene, which increased by 65-fold compared to the control. Ca2+ reversed the salt-induced delayed germination and promoted seedling growth, which was concomitant with reduced H2O2 and Na+/K+ ratio, indicating a protective effect. Ca2+ also effectively protected the sorghum epidermis and xylem layers from severe damage caused by salt stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that sorghum on its own responds to high salt stress through modulation of osmoprotectants and regulation of stress-responsive genes. Finally, 5 mM exogenously applied Ca2+ was most effective in enhancing salt stress tolerance by counteracting oxidative stress and improving Na+/K+ ratio, which in turn improved germination efficiency and root growth in seedlings stressed by high NaCl.

scholarly journals Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Gene Encoding for Ascorbate Peroxidase and Responsive to Salt Stress in Beet (Beta vulgaris)

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Dunajska-Ordak ◽  
Monika Skorupa-Kłaput ◽  
Katarzyna Kurnik ◽  
Andrzej Tretyn ◽  
Jarosław Tyburski
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Gene Encoding

scholarly journals ACEI of Trichoderma reesei Is a Repressor of Cellulase and Xylanase Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Aro ◽  
Marja Ilmén ◽  
Anu Saloheimo ◽  
Merja Penttilä
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hypocrea Jecorina ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT We characterized the effect of deletion of the Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) ace1 gene encoding the novel cellulase regulator ACEI that was isolated based on its ability to bind to and activate in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the promoter of the main cellulase gene, cbh1. Deletion of ace1 resulted in an increase in the expression of all the main cellulase genes and two xylanase genes in sophorose- and cellulose-induced cultures, indicating that ACEI acts as a repressor of cellulase and xylanase expression. Growth of the strain with a deletion of the ace1 gene on different carbon sources was analyzed. On cellulose-based medium, on which cellulases are needed for growth, the Δace1 strain grew better than the host strain due to the increased cellulase production. On culture media containing sorbitol as the sole carbon source, the growth of the strain with a deletion of the ace1 gene was severely impaired, suggesting that ACEI regulates expression of other genes in addition to cellulase and xylanase genes. A strain with a deletion of the ace1 gene and with a deletion of the ace2 gene coding for the cellulase and xylanase activator ACEII expressed cellulases and xylanases similar to the Δace1 strain, indicating that yet another activator regulating cellulase and xylanase promoters was present.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel soybean gene encoding a leucine-zipper-like protein induced to salt stress

Gene ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Aoki ◽  
Akemi Kanegami ◽  
Michiko Mihara ◽  
Toshio Kojima ◽  
Masakazu Shiraiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Soybean Gene

Proteomic analysis of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum leaf microsomal fractions finds an imbalance in V-ATPase stoichiometry during the salt-induced transition from C3 to CAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 450 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Cosentino ◽  
Dario Di Silvestre ◽  
Elke Fischer-Schliebs ◽  
Ulrike Homann ◽  
Antonella De Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Salt Adaptation ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Subunit Stoichiometry

The halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum adapts to salt stress by salt uptake and switching from C3 photosynthesis to CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism). An important role in this process is played by transport proteins in the tonoplast of the central vacuole. In the present study we examine dynamic changes in the protein composition during salt-stress adaptation in microsomes from M. crystallinum leaves. Plants challenged with 400 mM NaCl accumulate salt by day 4 of treatment and malic acid only at day 12; a switching to CAM hence follows any initial steps of salt adaptation with a delay. Using a label-free and semiquantitative approach, we identified the most dramatic changes between the proteome of control plants and plants harvested after 12 days of the treatment; the abundance of 14 proteins was significantly affected. The proteomic data revealed that the majority of the subunits of V-ATPase (vacuolar H+-ATPase) holoenzyme. The salt treatment somewhat decreased the abundance of all subunits in the short term (4 days). Long-term adaptation, including the switching to CAM, goes together with a strong increase in the representation of all detectable subunits. Because this increase is subunit-specific, with the highest rise occurring for subunits E and c, the data suggest that long-term adaptation to salt stress correlates with a change in V-ATPase subunit stoichiometry and highlight the structural plasticity of this holoenzyme.

scholarly journals Disruption of the ech42 (Endochitinase-Encoding) Gene Affects Biocontrol Activity in Trichoderma harzianum P1

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Woo ◽  
B. Donzelli ◽  
F. Scala ◽  
R. Mach ◽  
G. E. Harman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity ◽  
Better Than

The biocontrol strain P1 of Trichoderma harzianum was genetically modified by targeted disruption of the single-copy ech42 gene encoding for the secreted 42-kDa endochitinase (CHIT42). Stable mutants in which ech42 was interrupted, and unable to produce CHIT42, were obtained and characterized. These mutants lacked the ech42 transcript, the protein, and endochitinase activity in culture filtrates, and they were unable to clear a medium containing colloidal chitin. Other chitinolytic and glucanolytic enzymes expressed during mycoparasitism were not affected by the disruption of ech42. The disrupted mutant D11 grew and sporulated similarly to the wild type. In vitro antifungal activity of the ech42 disruptant culture filtrates against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani was reduced about 40%, compared with wild type; antifungal activity was fully restored by adding an equivalent amount of CHIT42 as secreted by P1. The mutant exhibited the same biocontrol effect against Pythium ultimum as strain P1, but the antagonism against B. cinerea on bean leaves by the mutant was significantly reduced (33% less biocontrol), compared with strain P1. Conversely, the endochitinase-deficient mutant performed better than the wild type (16% improvement of survival) in biocontrol experiments in soil infested with the soilborne fungus R. solani. These results indicate that the antagonistic interaction between the T. harzianum strain and various fungal hosts is based on different mechanisms.

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