Disruption of the ech42 (Endochitinase-Encoding) Gene Affects Biocontrol Activity in Trichoderma harzianum P1

The biocontrol strain P1 of Trichoderma harzianum was genetically modified by targeted disruption of the single-copy ech42 gene encoding for the secreted 42-kDa endochitinase (CHIT42). Stable mutants in which ech42 was interrupted, and unable to produce CHIT42, were obtained and characterized. These mutants lacked the ech42 transcript, the protein, and endochitinase activity in culture filtrates, and they were unable to clear a medium containing colloidal chitin. Other chitinolytic and glucanolytic enzymes expressed during mycoparasitism were not affected by the disruption of ech42. The disrupted mutant D11 grew and sporulated similarly to the wild type. In vitro antifungal activity of the ech42 disruptant culture filtrates against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani was reduced about 40%, compared with wild type; antifungal activity was fully restored by adding an equivalent amount of CHIT42 as secreted by P1. The mutant exhibited the same biocontrol effect against Pythium ultimum as strain P1, but the antagonism against B. cinerea on bean leaves by the mutant was significantly reduced (33% less biocontrol), compared with strain P1. Conversely, the endochitinase-deficient mutant performed better than the wild type (16% improvement of survival) in biocontrol experiments in soil infested with the soilborne fungus R. solani. These results indicate that the antagonistic interaction between the T. harzianum strain and various fungal hosts is based on different mechanisms.

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Development of Itraconazole-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticle Dermal Gel for Enhanced Antifungal Efficacy

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2020/8894541 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Hoang Nhan Ho ◽

Thien Giap Le ◽

Thi Thanh Tuyen Dao ◽

Thi Ha Le ◽

Thi Thanh Hai Dinh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticle ◽

Ex Vivo Permeation ◽

Permeation Studies ◽

Gel Formulations ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity ◽

Better Than

Fungal infection of the skin is one of the most common dermatological diseases in the world. Gel formulations are among the most suitable dosage forms for topical use to treat cutaneous infection. Nanotechnology is a promising approach to penetrate the deeper skin layers and enhance permeability of itraconazole (ITZ) through the stratum corneum. ITZ-loaded nanoparticles (ITZ NPs) were fabricated using the evaporation emulsion method, followed by incorporation of NPs into gel using Carbopol 934 as the gel-forming excipient. The physical properties, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation studies, and antifungal activity of ITZ NP gel were characterized. ITZ NPs were almost spherical in shape with colloidal sizes in the range of 200 nm. The drug encapsulation efficiency was 98.79 ± 1.24 %. ITZ NP gel demonstrated a sustained ex vivo permeation of ITZ over 24 h through excised rat skin and a higher drug penetrating capacity than that of a gel containing ITZ-saturated suspension. The in vitro antifungal activity of the ITZ-loaded NP incorporated gel was better than that of ITZ dispersion. Incorporation of the ITZ-loaded nanosystem into gel has the potential to enhance antifungal activity through transdermal drug delivery.

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Assessment of the In Vitro Antifungal Activity of SCY-078 Against a Collection of C. parapsilosis Clinical Isolates

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.902 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S368-S369

Author(s):

Stephen Barat ◽

David Angulo ◽

Katyna Borroto-Esoda ◽

Mahmoud Ghannoum

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Wild Type ◽

The Us ◽

Type C ◽

Synthase Inhibitor ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity ◽

The Eu ◽

Research Grant

Abstract Background Global rates of candidemia caused by C. parapsilosis are increasing with differences detected between neonates and adult patients (50% vs. 12%, respectively) and across geographic regions (5% vs. 25% in Iceland and Spain, respectively). SCY-078 is a novel, oral and intravenous, triterpenoid glucan synthase inhibitor under development for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of SCY-078 against a collection of clinical C. parapsilosis isolates. Methods Retrospective analysis of data from 7 independent studies evaluating the activity of SCY-078 is presented. Data were available for 206 C. parapsilosis isolates collected between 2008 and 2015 in the US and EU. The collection included 186 wild-type isolates as well as 14 azole-resistant, and 6 echinocandin-resistant isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined according to the CLSI M27-A3 and EUCAST E.DEF 7.3 guidelines. Comparator compounds varied across studies and included fluconazole, micafungin (MCF), caspofungin (CSP), and anidulafungin (ANI). MIC50 and MIC90 values were defined as the concentrations inhibiting growth of 50% and 90% of isolates, respectively. Echinocandin and azole resistance were determined based on CLSI M27-A4 guidelines. Results The MIC50 values obtained for SCY-078 against the wild-type C. parapsilosis isolates across the 7 studies ranged from 0.25 to 1 μg/mL and the MIC90 values ranged from 0.25 -2 µg/mL. Among the echinocandins, MIC90 values ranged from 0.5 to 2 µg/mL (CSP), 1 to 4 µg/mL (MCF) and 2 to 4 µg/mL (ANI). SCY-078 was active against the 14 azole-resistant isolates (MIC ranging from 0.25 to 2 µg/mL). Similar activity was observed across the 6 echinocandin-resistant isolates with MIC values for SCY-078 ranging from 0.25 to 1 µg/mL. Among the 4 most recent studies in the US and EU (2013–2015) C. parapsilosis isolates represented 14 – 20% of the Candidaisolates; rates were similar in the EU and US. Conclusion SCY-078 demonstrated potent activity against C. parapsilosis clinical isolates. Notably, SCY-078 was effective against all the echinocandin and azole resistant C. parapsilosis isolates tested. Disclosures S. Barat, Scynexis, Inc: Employee, Salary; D. Angulo, Scynexis, Inc.: Employee, Salary; K. Borroto-Esoda, Scynexis Inc.: Consultant, Consulting fee; M. Ghannoum, Scynexis, Inc.: Consultant, Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee, Research grant and Research support

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In Vitro Comparison of Antifungal Activity between Epigallocatechin Gallate EGCG) and Nystatin on Candida Sp. Stored Isolates in HIV/AIDS Patients with Oral Candidiasis

Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin ◽

10.20473/bikk.v33.2.2021.103-109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Yusuf Wibisono ◽

Afif Nurul Hidayati ◽

Sawitri Sawitri ◽

Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa ◽

Iskandar Zulkarnain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Candida Sp ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity ◽

Better Than

Background: Oral candidiasis is an oral infection caused by Candida albicans. It is one of the most common opportunistic infections found in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Due to growing resistance and side effects to common antifungal drugs in recent years, there have been many studies on naturalsubstances as antifungal agents. In this study, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were examined for in vitro antifungal activity against Candida strains. Purpose: To compare the in vitro antifungal activity of EGCG and nystatin towards Candida sp. isolate in HIV/AIDS patients with oral candidiasis. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory study conducted at the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Forty isolates of Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans were included. The isolates were tested for antifungal activity using the well diffusion and microdilution method for nystatin 1000 IU and EGCG 1.25%. Result: Diffusion test results showed a greater inhibition zone for nystatin against all analyzed Candida strains with an average diameter for Candida albicans formed by EGCG of 2.15 mm and 7.4 mm for Candida non-albicans. Meanwhile, based on the microdilution test, EGCG was better than nystatin towards all analyzed Candida strains. This study showed EGCG Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) as high as 50% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nystatin antifungal activity was better than EGCG supported by a greater inhibition zone in the well diffusion method. However, the antifungal activity of EGCG was better than nystatin based on microdilution methods.

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In vitro antifungal activity and GC/MS profiling of ten selected Sudanese essential oils against Madurella mycetomatis, the causative agent of black-grain mycetoma

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0035-1565722 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (16) ◽

Author(s):

SA Khalid ◽

K Veres ◽

J Hohmann ◽

ME Elamin ◽

S Abd Algaffar

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Madurella Mycetomatis ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

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In vitro Antifungal Activity of a 29-kDa Glycoprotein Purified from the Galls of Quercus infectoria

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aphyt.40.2005.1-2.6 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. Yamunarani ◽

R. Jaganathan ◽

R. Bhaskaran ◽

P. Govindaraju ◽

R. Velazhahan

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Quercus Infectoria ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

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Formulation and Evaluation of Carbopol Gel Containing Liposomes of Ketoconazole. (Part-II)

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v1i2.8839 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rakesh Patel ◽

Hardik Patel ◽

Ashok Baria

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Rat Skin ◽

Albino Rat ◽

In Vitro Drug Release ◽

Carbopol Gel ◽

Liposomal Formulations ◽

Release Drug ◽

In Vitro Permeation ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate the topical carbopol gel formulation containing ketoconazole encapsulated liposomes. Ketoconazole loaded liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique. The prepared liposomes were incorporated into 1% carbopol gel, and the systems were evaluated for in-vitro drug release, drug retention into skin and in-vitro antifungal activity. The in-vitro permeation of ketoconazole using wistar albino rat skin from liposomal gel was compared with that of plain drug gel and also with plain drug cream containing 2% w/w of ketoconazole. The release of ketoconazole from liposomal gel was much slower than from non liposomal formulations. Gel containing liposomal ketoconazole showed maximum antifungal activity after 30 hours over plain ketoconazole gel and cream formulations.

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Orodispersible Film Loaded with Enterococcus faecium CRL183 Presents Anti-Candida albicans Biofilm Activity In Vitro

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13070998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 998

Author(s):

Virgínia Barreto Lordello ◽

Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin ◽

Sarah Raquel de Annunzio ◽

Maria Pía Taranto ◽

Marlus Chorilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Sem Images ◽

Control Film ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Probiotic bacteria have been emerging as a trustworthy choice for the prevention and treatment of Candida spp. infections. This study aimed to develop and characterize an orodispersible film (ODF) for delivering the potentially probiotic Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 into the oral cavity, evaluating its in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Methods and Results: The ODF was composed by carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, and potato starch, and its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were studied. The probiotic resistance and viability during processing and storage were evaluated as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans. The ODFs were thin, resistant, and flexible, with neutral pH and microbiologically safe. The probiotic resisted the ODF obtaining process, demonstrating high viability (>9 log10 CFU·g−1), up to 90 days of storage at room temperature. The Probiotic Film promoted 68.9% of reduction in fungal early biofilm and 91.2% in its mature biofilm compared to the group stimulated with the control film. Those results were confirmed through SEM images. Conclusion: The probiotic ODF developed is a promising strategy to prevent oral candidiasis, since it permits the local probiotic delivery, which in turn was able to reduce C. albicans biofilm formation.

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Rhizosphere-enriched microbes as a pool to design synthetic communities for reproducible beneficial outputs

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiz138 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou ◽

Ioannis A Stringlis ◽

Natalia Fanega-Sleziak ◽

Stella Papageorgiou ◽

Antria Tsalakou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Tomato Growth ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Abstract Composts represent a sustainable way to suppress diseases and improve plant growth. Identification of compost-derived microbial communities enriched in the rhizosphere of plants and characterization of their traits, could facilitate the design of microbial synthetic communities (SynComs) that upon soil inoculation could yield consistent beneficial effects towards plants. Here, we characterized a collection of compost-derived bacteria, previously isolated from tomato rhizosphere, for in vitro antifungal activity against soil-borne fungal pathogens and for their potential to change growth parameters in Arabidopsis. We further assessed root-competitive traits in the dominant rhizospheric genus Bacillus. Certain isolated rhizobacteria displayed antifungal activity against the tested pathogens and affected growth of Arabidopsis, and Bacilli members possessed several enzymatic activities. Subsequently, we designed two SynComs with different composition and tested their effect on Arabidopsis and tomato growth and health. SynCom1, consisting of different bacterial genera, displayed negative effect on Arabidopsis in vitro, but promoted tomato growth in pots. SynCom2, consisting of Bacilli, didn't affect Arabidopsis growth, enhanced tomato growth and suppressed Fusarium wilt symptoms. Overall, we found selection of compost-derived microbes with beneficial properties in the rhizosphere of tomato plants, and observed that application of SynComs on poor substrates can yield reproducible plant phenotypes.

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