scholarly journals The White Sea: Available Data and Numerical Models

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Ilya Chernov ◽  
Alexey Tolstikov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
Tidal Motion ◽  
The North

The White Sea is a small shallow semi-closed sea in the North-West of Russia. It is strongly affected by induced tides, so the tidal motion dominates in the sea. Sea ice is seasonal and the water salinity is less than in the neighbouring Barents sea due to strong river discharge. We review the sources of in-situ and satellite data that are available for the sea, and describe those few numerical models, together with the challenges that are faced. We focus on the large-scale circulation and thermohaline fields, but also cover sea ice, river runoff, and pelagic biogeochemical data.

Jellyfish abundance and climatic variation: contrasting responses in oceanographically distinct regions of the North Sea, and possible implications for fisheries

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Lynam ◽  
Stephen J. Hay ◽  
Andrew S. Brierley
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Aurelia Aurita ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Negative Relationships

Jellyfish medusae prey on zooplankton and may impact fish recruitment both directly (top-down control) and indirectly (through competition). Abundances of Aurelia aurita, Cyanea lamarckii and Cyanea capillata medusae (Scyphozoa) in the North Sea appear to be linked to large-scale inter-annual climatic change, as quantified by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI), the Barents Sea-Ice Index (BSII) and changes in the latitude of the Gulf Stream North Wall (GSNW). Hydroclimatic forcing may thus be an important factor influencing the abundance of gelatinous zooplankton and may modulate the scale of any ecosystem impact of jellyfish. The population responses are probably also affected by local variability in the environment manifested in intra-annual changes in temperature, salinity, current strength/direction and prey abundance. Aurelia aurita and C. lamarckii in the north-west and south-east North Sea exhibited contrasting relationships to change in the NAOI and BSII: north of Scotland, where the North Sea borders the Atlantic, positive relationships were evident between the abundance of scyphomedusae (data from 1974 to 1986, except 1975) and the indices; whereas west of northern Denmark, a region much less affected by Atlantic inflow, negative relationships were found (data from 1973 to 1983, except 1974). Weaker negative relationships with the NAOI were also found in an intermediate region, east of Scotland, for the abundance of A. aurita and C. capillata medusae (1971 to 1982). East of Shetland, the abundance of jellyfish was not correlated directly with the NAOI but, in contrast to all other regions, the abundances of A. aurita and C. lamarckii (1971 to 1986, not 1984) were found to correlate negatively with changes in the GSNW, which itself was significantly positively correlated to the NAOI with a two year lag. On this evidence, we suggest that, for jellyfish, there exist three regions of the North Sea with distinct environmental processes governing species abundance: one north of Scotland, another east of Shetland, and a more southerly group (i.e. east of Scotland and west of northern Denmark). Impacts by jellyfish are likely to vary regionally, and ecosystem management may benefit from considering this spatial variability.

scholarly journals Validation of Wind Speed Calculated on Satellite Altimetry Data by Measurements on Weather Stations Located Along the White Sea Coast

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Lebedev ◽  
Alexander S. Sorokin ◽  
Pavel V. Kluev ◽  
Pavel N. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Satellite Altimeter ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Satellite Altimetry Data

The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located in the northwest of European Russia. Winds are predominantly southwestern in winter with speeds of 4–8 m/s. Arctic anticyclones can change winds to the northeastern ones. The consistency between satellite altimeter derived wind speed and measurements on coastal stations of the White Sea was checked in the present study. For different parts of the coastal zone, satellites tracks were chosen to be located close to the weather station (within 10-20 km). Then, for every cycle of the selected satellite passes, corresponding values of satellite derived wind speed together with corresponding time (UT) were selected. In-situ wind speed data for the time nearest to the satellite pass were picked up from the databases collected at coastal weather stations. For the comparative analysis, five weather stations on the White Sea coast and tracks of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1/2/3 satellites were selected. Improvement in correlation between meteo and altimeter data on wind speed can be obtained when using method of decomposition of the winds in four quadrants according to wind direction relative to local coastline orientation.

scholarly journals The Winter Atmospheric Response to Sea Ice Anomalies in the Barents Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 914-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Liptak ◽  
Courtenay Strong
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Turbulent Heat Flux ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Atmospheric Response ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract The atmospheric response to sea ice anomalies over the Barents Sea during winter was determined by boundary forcing the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with daily varying high and low sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies that decreased realistically from December to February. The high- and low-SIC anomalies produced localized opposite-signed responses of surface turbulent heat flux and wind stress that decreased in magnitude and extent as winter progressed. Responses of sea level pressure (SLP) and 500-mb height evolved from localized, opposite-signed features into remarkably similar large-scale patterns resembling the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Hilbert empirical orthogonal function (HEOF) analysis of the composite high-SIC and low-SIC SLP responses uncovered how they differed. The hemispheric pattern in the leading HEOF was similar for the high-SIC and low-SIC responses, but the high-SIC response cycled through the pattern once per winter, whereas the low-SIC response cycled through the pattern twice per winter. The second HEOF differed markedly between the responses, with the high-SIC response featuring zonally oriented Atlantic and Pacific wave features and the low-SIC response featuring a meridionally oriented Atlantic dipole pattern.

scholarly journals An Experiment in the Transplantation of Plaice from the Barents Sea (“White Sea”) to the North Sea

1910 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The North Sea

About midnight on 26th June, 1908, at the close of a voyage to the White Sea fishing grounds, undertaken by Mr. A. E. Hefford and myself in the Hull steam trawler Princess Louise, H 837, Captain Turner of that vessel did me the great favour of taking a short haul to procure plaice for transplantation to the North Sea.

scholarly journals Notes on a Fishing Voyage to the Barents Sea in August, 1907

1908 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The North Sea

Chiefly with the object of obtaining material from which comparisons of an intact plaice population with that at present existing in the North Sea might be made, I undertook, in August, 1907, a voyage in a commercial steam trawler to the new fishing grounds in the “White Sea.”

Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Geochemical Models of Engineered Barrier Systems: The Febex Project

2000 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Samper ◽  
R. Juncosa ◽  
V. Navarro ◽  
J. Delgado ◽  
L. Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineered Barrier

ABSTRACTFEBEX (Full-scale Engineered Barrier EXperiment) is a demonstration and research project dealing with the bentonite engineered barrier designed for sealing and containment of waste in a high level radioactive waste repository (HLWR). It includes two main experiments: an situ full-scale test performed at Grimsel (GTS) and a mock-up test operating since February 1997 at CIEMAT facilities in Madrid (Spain) [1,2,3]. One of the objectives of FEBEX is the development and testing of conceptual and numerical models for the thermal, hydrodynamic, and geochemical (THG) processes expected to take place in engineered clay barriers. A significant improvement in coupled THG modeling of the clay barrier has been achieved both in terms of a better understanding of THG processes and more sophisticated THG computer codes. The ability of these models to reproduce the observed THG patterns in a wide range of THG conditions enhances the confidence in their prediction capabilities. Numerical THG models of heating and hydration experiments performed on small-scale lab cells provide excellent results for temperatures, water inflow and final water content in the cells [3]. Calculated concentrations at the end of the experiments reproduce most of the patterns of measured data. In general, the fit of concentrations of dissolved species is better than that of exchanged cations. These models were later used to simulate the evolution of the large-scale experiments (in situ and mock-up). Some thermo-hydrodynamic hypotheses and bentonite parameters were slightly revised during TH calibration of the mock-up test. The results of the reference model reproduce simultaneously the observed water inflows and bentonite temperatures and relative humidities. Although the model is highly sensitive to one-at-a-time variations in model parameters, the possibility of parameter combinations leading to similar fits cannot be precluded. The TH model of the “in situ” test is based on the same bentonite TH parameters and assumptions as for the “mock-up” test. Granite parameters were slightly modified during the calibration process in order to reproduce the observed thermal and hydrodynamic evolution. The reference model captures properly relative humidities and temperatures in the bentonite [3]. It also reproduces the observed spatial distribution of water pressures and temperatures in the granite. Once calibrated the TH aspects of the model, predictions of the THG evolution of both tests were performed. Data from the dismantling of the in situ test, which is planned for the summer of 2001, will provide a unique opportunity to test and validate current THG models of the EBS.

SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SOVIET UNION TIMBER PROCESSING COMPLEX: THE IDEA BEHIND THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Ivan V. ZYKIN
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Regions

During the years of Soviet power, principal changes took place in the country’s wood industry, including in spatial layout development. Having the large-scale crisis in the industry in the late 1980s — 2000s and the positive changes in its functioning in recent years and the development of an industry strategy, it becomes relevant to analyze the experience of planning the spatial layout of the wood industry during the period of Stalin’s modernization, particularly during the first five-year plan. The aim of the article is to analyze the reason behind spatial layout of the Soviet wood industry during the implementation of the first five-year plan. The study is based on the modernization concept. In our research we conducted mapping of the wood industry by region as well as of planned construction of the industry facilities. It was revealed that the discussion and development of an industrialization project by the Soviet Union party-state and planning agencies in the second half of the 1920s led to increased attention to the wood industry. The sector, which enterprises were concentrated mainly in the north-west, west and central regions of the country, was set the task of increasing the volume of harvesting, export of wood and production to meet the domestic needs and the export needs of wood resources and materials. Due to weak level of development of the wood industry, the scale of these tasks required restructuring of the branch, its inclusion to the centralized economic system, the direction of large capital investments to the development of new forest areas and the construction of enterprises. It was concluded that according to the first five-year plan, the priority principles for the spatial development of the wood industry were the approach of production to forests and seaports, intrasectoral and intersectoral combining. The framework of the industry was meant to strengthen and expand by including forests to the economic turnover and building new enterprises in the European North and the Urals, where the main capital investments were sent, as well as in the Vyatka region, Transcaucasia, Siberia and the Far East.

scholarly journals A general Cluster data and global MHD simulation comparison

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3411-3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Daum ◽  
M. H. Denton ◽  
J. A. Wild ◽  
M. G. G. T. Taylor ◽  
J. Šafránková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mhd Simulation ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Global Mhd Simulation ◽  
The Many

Abstract. Among the many challenges facing the space weather modelling community today, is the need for validation and verification methods of the numerical models available describing the complex nonlinear Sun-Earth system. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models represent the latest numerical models of this environment and have the unique ability to span the enormous distances present in the magnetosphere, from several hundred kilometres to several thousand kilometres above the Earth's surface. This makes it especially difficult to develop verification and validation methods which posses the same range spans as the models. In this paper we present a first general large-scale comparison between four years (2001–2004) worth of in situ Cluster plasma observations and the corresponding simulated predictions from the coupled Block-Adaptive-Tree-Solarwind-Roe-Upwind-Scheme (BATS-R-US) MHD code. The comparison between the in situ measurements and the model predictions reveals that by systematically constraining the MHD model inflow boundary conditions a good correlation between the in situ observations and the modeled data can be found. These results have an implication for modelling studies addressing also smaller scale features of the magnetosphere. The global MHD simulation can therefore be used to place localised satellite and/or ground-based observations into a global context and fill the gaps left by measurements.

scholarly journals Scaling up: Renewable energy on Aboriginal lands in north west Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Riley
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aboriginal Lands

This paper examines renewable energy developments on Aboriginal lands in North-West Western Australia at three scales. It first examines the literature developing in relation to large scale renewable energy projects and the Native Title Act (1993)Cwlth. It then looks to the history of small community scale standalone systems. Finally, it examines locally adapted approaches to benefit sharing in remote utility owned networks. In doing so this paper foregrounds the importance of Aboriginal agency. It identifies Aboriginal decision making and economic inclusion as being key to policy and project development in the 'scaling up' of a transition to renewable energy resources in the North-West.

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