scholarly journals Is a Combination of Melatonin and Amino Acids Useful to Sarcopenic Elderly Patients? A Randomized Trial

Geriatrics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Rondanelli ◽  
Gabriella Peroni ◽  
Clara Gasparri ◽  
Vittoria Infantino ◽  
Mara Nichetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Handgrip Test ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Total Fat

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 4-week intervention of melatonin and essential aminoacid supplementation on body composition, protein metabolism, strength and inflammation in 159 elderly sarcopenic patients (42/117, men/women), assigned to four groups: isocaloric placebo (P, n = 44), melatonin (M, 1 mg/daily, n = 42), essential amino acids (eAA 4 g/daily, n = 40) or eAA plus melatonin (eAAM, 4 g eAA and 1 mg melatonin/daily, n = 30). Data from body composition (dual X-ray absortiometry (DXA)), strength (handgrip test) and biochemical parameters for the assessment of protein metabolism (albumin) and inflammation (CRP) were collected at baseline and after the 4-week intervention. Compared with P and M, supplementation with eAA plus M increased total fat-free mass (vs. P: +2190 g; p < 0.01; vs. M: +2107 g; p < 0.05). M alone lowered albumin levels (vs. P: −0.39 g; p < 0.01; vs. eAA: −0.47 g; p < 0.01). This data on albumin was confirmed by within-group analysis (M −0.44g; p < 0.001; eAAM: −0.34 p < 0.05). M and eAA seemed to lower the percentage of gynoid fat (p < 0.05) and android fat (p < 0.01). No significant changes in inflammation or strength were reported. A 4-week intervention with eAA plus M together may be effective in enhancing fat-free-mass compared to M and P but not versus eAA. M alone demonstrates a negative effect on albumin level.

scholarly journals A specific bioelectrical impedance equation to predict body composition in Turner's syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis D. Guedes ◽  
Bianca Bianco ◽  
Mônica V. N. Lipay ◽  
Emmanuela Q. Callou ◽  
Marise L. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Great Consistency ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Specific Equation ◽  
Standard Error Estimate

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes for Turner syndrome (TS) mortality and the evaluation of its risk factors such as excess body fat and its distribution is considered one of the major aspects of the adult patient care. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a specific bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equation to predict body composition in TS patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical and anthropometric data, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for total fat-free mass (FFM) and BIA for resistance and reactance were obtained from 50 adult TS patients. Linear regression analysis was performed with multiple clinical and BIA data to obtain a predicting equation. RESULTS: The equation developed to estimate FFM in adult TS patients showed great consistency with DXA, elevated correlation (r = 0. 974) and determination (r² = 0. 948) coefficients and an adequate standard error estimate (SEE = 1.52 kg). CONCLUSIONS: The specific equation developed here allowed making an adequate FFM estimate in adult TS patients.

INFLUENCE OF FODDER ADDITIVE ABIOTONIC ON VETERINARY AND SANITARY INDICATORS OF RABBIT MEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
F.I. Vasilevich ◽  
◽  
V.N. Shevkoplyas ◽  
V.M. Bachinskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
White Fat

The materials on the study of the feed additive Abiotonic in rabbit breeding, as well as the results of organoleptic, microbiological, histological studies and the amino acid composition of rabbit meat of the New Zealand white breed are presented. According to the results of the studies, there was no negative effect of the feed additive on the veterinary and sanitary indicators of rabbit meat, the carcasses were well bled, drying crusts were formed in a timely manner, the muscles were elastic, light pink, white fat, the broth was clear and aromatic. No pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora were found. At the same time, it was noted that the feed additive contributed to the increase in meat of non-essential amino acids by 6,01%, essential amino acids by 9,74%, which increases the biological value of the product. According to histomorphological studies, the Abiotonic feed supplement did not adversely affect the physiological state of animals, muscle tissue and internal organs developed within the physiological norm of rabbits.

Effects of proteins and essential amino acids supplementation on body composition in sarcopenic elderly

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. S125-S126
Author(s):  
M. Rondanelli ◽  
D. Guido ◽  
S. Perna ◽  
M.A. Faliva ◽  
C. Donelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Essential Amino Acids

Effects of an outdoor bicycle-based intervention in healthy rural Indian men with normal and low birth weight

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madsen ◽  
P. Mogensen ◽  
N. Thomas ◽  
D. L. Christensen ◽  
I. C. Bygbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Total Fat

Physical inactivity and low birth weight (LBW) may lead to an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The extent to which LBW individuals may benefit from physical exercise training when compared with those with normal birth weight (NBW) controls is uncertain. We assessed the impact of an outdoor exercise intervention on body composition, insulin secretion and action in young men born with LBW and NBW in rural India. A total of 61 LBW and 56 NBW healthy young men were recruited into the study. The individuals were instructed to perform outdoor bicycle exercise training for 45 min every day. Fasting blood samples, intravenous glucose tolerance tests and bioimpedance body composition assessment were carried out. Physical activity was measured using combined accelerometry and heart rate monitoring during the first and the last week of the intervention. Following the exercise intervention, the LBW group displayed an increase in physical fitness [55.0 ml (O2)/kg min (52.0−58.0)−57.5 ml (O2)/kg min (54.4−60.5)] level and total fat-free mass [10.9% (8.0−13.4)−11.4% (8.0−14.6)], as well as a corresponding decline in the ratio of total fat mass/fat-free mass. In contrast, an increase in total fat percentage as well as total fat mass was observed in the NBW group. After intervention, fasting plasma insulin levels, homoeostasis model assessments (HOMA) of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (HOMA-IS), improved to the same extent in both the groups. In summary, young men born with LBW in rural India benefit metabolically from exercise training to an extent comparable with NBW controls.

Leucine as a regulator of whole body and skeletal muscle protein metabolism in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. E928-E934 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Nair ◽  
R. G. Schwartz ◽  
S. Welle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Metabolism

Leucine has been proposed as an in vivo regulator of protein metabolism, although the evidence for this in humans remains inconclusive. To test this hypothesis, we infused either L-leucine (154 +/- 1 mumol.kg-1 x h-1) or saline intravenously in six healthy men in two separate studies. L-Leucine infusion increased plasma concentrations of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate from 112 +/- 6 and 38 +/- 3 mumol/l to 480 +/- 27 (P < 0.001) and 94 +/- 13 mumol/l (P < 0.001), respectively, without any significant change in circulating insulin or C peptide levels. Leucine infusion decreased plasma concentrations of several amino acids and decreased whole body valine flux and valine oxidation (using L-[1-13C]valine as a tracer) and phenylalanine flux (using [2H5]-phenylalanine as a tracer). According to arteriovenous differences across the leg, the net balance of phenylalanine, valine, and lysine shifted toward greater retention during leucine infusion, whereas alanine balance did not change. Valine release and phenylalanine release from the leg (estimated from the dilution of respective tracers) decreased, indicating inhibition of protein degradation by leucine infusion. We conclude that leucine decreases protein degradation in humans and that this decreased protein degradation during leucine infusion contributes to the decrease in plasma essential amino acids. This study suggests a potential role for leucine as a regulator of protein metabolism in humans.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in body composition associated with healthy ageing: men, aged 20–96 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Jackson ◽  
Ian Janssen ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Timothy S. Church ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Effect

Obesity and sarcopenia are health problems associated with ageing. The present study modelled the longitudinal changes in body composition of healthy men, aged from 20 to 96 years, and evaluated the fidelity of BMI to identify age-dependent changes in fat mass and fat-free mass. The data from 7265 men with multiple body composition determinations (total observations 38 328) were used to model the age-related changes in body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, BMI and percentage of body fat. Changes in fat mass and fat-free mass were used to evaluate the fidelity of BMI and to detect body composition changes with ageing. Linear mixed regression models showed that all trajectories of body composition with healthy ageing were quadratic. Fat mass, BMI and percentage of body fat increased from age 20 years and levelled off at approximately 80 years. Fat-free mass increased slightly from age 20 to 47 years and then declined at a non-linear rate with ageing. Levels of aerobic exercise had a positive influence on fat mass and a slight negative effect on fat-free mass. BMI and percentage of body fat were sensitive in detecting the increase in fat mass that occurred with healthy ageing, but failed to identify the loss of fat-free mass that started at age 47 years.

scholarly journals Impact of a ketogenic diet intervention during radiotherapy on body composition: III. An interim analysis of the KETOCOMP study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer J. Klement ◽  
Gabriele Schäfert ◽  
Reinhart A. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Ketogenic Diets

AbstractBackgroundKetogenic therapy (KT) in the form of ketogenic diets (KDs) and/or supplements that induce nutritional ketosis have gained interest as a complementary treatment for cancer patients. Besides putative anti-tumor effects, preclinical and preliminary clinical data indicate that KT could induce favorable changes in body composition of the tumor bearing host. Here we present first results of our ongoing KETOCOMP study (NCT02516501) study concerning body composition changes among rectal, breast and head & neck cancer (HNC) patients who underwent concurrent KT during standard-of-care radiotherapy (RT).MethodsEligible patients were assigned to one of three groups: (i) a standard diet group; (ii) a ketogenic breakfast group taking 50-250 ml of a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) drink plus 10 g essential amino acids in the morning of RT days; (iii) a complete KD group supplemented with 10 g essential amino acids on RT days. Body composition was to be measured prior to and weekly during RT using 8-electrode bioimpedance analysis. Longitudinal data were analyzed using mixed effects linear regression.ResultsA total of 17 patients underwent KT during RT thus far (rectal cancer: n=6; HNC: n=6; breast cancer: n=5). All patients consuming a KD (n=14) reached nutritional ketosis and finished the study protocol with only minor problems reported. Compared to control subjects, the ketogenic intervention in rectal and breast cancer patients was significantly associated with a decline in fat mass over time (−0.3 and −0.5 kg/week, respectively), with no significant changes in skeletal muscle mass. In HNC patients, concurrent chemotherapy was the strongest predictor of body weight, fat free and skeletal muscle mass decline during radiotherapy, while KT showed significant opposite associations. Rectal cancer patients who underwent KT during neoadjuvant RT had significantly better tumor response at the time of surgery as assessed by the Dworak regression grade (median 3 versus 2, p=0.04483).ConclusionsWhile sample sizes are still small our results already indicate some significant favorable effects of KT on body composition. These as well as a putative radiosensitizing effect on rectal tumor cells need to be confirmed once the final analysis of our study becomes possible.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density and body composition in adolescents with failure to thrive

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Thiago Sacchetto de Andrade ◽  
Luiz Anderson Lopes ◽  
Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Vera Lucia Szejnfeld ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Fat

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate bone mineral mass in adolescents with failure to thrive in relation to body composition. Methods A case control study involving 126 adolescents (15 to 19 years), in final puberty maturation being 76 eutrophic and 50 with failure to thrive (genetic or constitutional delay of growth), of matching ages, gender and pubertal maturation. The weight, height and calculated Z score for height/age and body mass index; bone mineral content, bone mineral density and adjusted bone mineral density were established for total body, lower back and femur; total fat-free mass and height-adjusted fat-free mass index, total fat mass and height-adjusted. The statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test (weight, height and body composition); Mann-Whitney test (bone mass) and multiple linear regression (bone mass determinants). Results weight, height and height/age Z-score were significantly higher among eutrophic subjects. Both groups did not show statistically significant differences for fat mass, percentage of fat mass, total fat mass height adjusted and fat-free mass index height sadjusted. However, total free fat maass was smaller for the failure to thrive group. Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference for bone mass measurements among adolescents with failure to thrive; however, the factors that determine bone mass formation should be better studied due to the positive correlation with free fat mass detected in these individuals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the chemical composition of dry dogfoods commercialized in Chile used for growing dogs

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Alvarado ◽  
S.M. Hodgkinson ◽  
D. Alomar ◽  
D. Boroschek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

The nutritional quality of dry dogfood commercialized in Chile for growing dogs was studied. Samples from at least three different batches of 26 dogfood brands were mixed. The resultant samples (n=26) were chemically analyzed to determine their concentrations of dry matter (DM), gross energy, fiber, ash, crude protein, essential amino acids, total fat, linoleic acid and minerals. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of each sample was estimated using modified atwater factors. The results from the chemical analyses were compared with the nutrient profiles published by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Dogfoods that were found to contain an estimated ME of over 4,000kcal/kg DM were corrected for their high energy density before comparison. All of the dogfoods contained adequate levels of protein, total fat, linoleic acid, iron, copper, manganese and selenium. The concentration of tryptophan was adequate in 92.3% of the samples. All of the other essential amino acids were present in adequate quantities. However, the situation was different for many of the minerals. Only 92.3% of the dogfoods contained an adequate Ca:P ratio. A total of 96.2% of the dogfoods contained an adequate level of Ca, 96.2% for P, 96.2% for Mg, 92.3% for I, 88.5% for Cl, 80.8% for Na, 80.8% for Zn and only 34.6% were adequate for K content. Overall, only 23% of the dogfoods evaluated in this study fulfilled all of the requirements established by the AAFCO in terms of their content of crude protein, amino acids, total fat, linoleic acid, and minerals. It appears that the majority of the dogfoods evaluated in this study (77%) would not satisfy all nutritional requirements of the growing dog.

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