scholarly journals Brightly Colored to Stay in the Dark. Revealing of the Polychromy of the Lot Sarcophagus in the Catacomb of San Sebastiano in Rome

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 858-874
Author(s):  
Susanna Bracci ◽  
Donata Magrini ◽  
Rachele Manganelli del Fà ◽  
Oana Adriana Cuzman ◽  
Barbara Mazzei
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Executive Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Yellow Ochre ◽  
Invasive Techniques

The Lot Sarcophagus is one of the most relevant funerary sculptures of late antiquity (mid-4th century AC). Some of the remarkable aspects are the following (i) it is still preserved in situ; (ii) most of the carved scenes are rarities or unicum; (iii) not all the sculpture work has been completed, which allows us to analyse the executive process; (iv) many traces of polychromy have remained. This paper is focused on the characterization of the residual polychromy by using in-situ non-invasive techniques. Furthermore, few micro samples were taken, to be analysed in laboratory to study the composition of some deposits and to define if a preparatory layer was present under the coloured layer. The data showed that the very rich polychromy of the Lot Sarcophagus was made of Egyptian blue, yellow ochre, and three different types of red: two inorganics (red ochre and cinnabar), and one organic-based (madder lake). Furthermore, some decorations, completely vanished and no longer visible to the naked eye, have been rediscovered, also providing details on the construction phases. During the project, the 3D model of the sarcophagus was acquired, which afterwards was used to map the results of the diagnostic campaign.

scholarly journals X-ray Micro-Tomography as a Method to Distinguish and Characterize Natural and Cultivated Pearls

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Luisa Vigorelli ◽  
Elisabetta Croce ◽  
Debora Angelici ◽  
Raffaella Navone ◽  
Sabrina Grassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Tomographic Analysis ◽  
Private Collections

Digital radiography and computed tomography are two fundamental diagnostic techniques in different fields of research, including cultural heritage studies and gemmology. The application of these physical methods of investigation has gained considerable importance as they are non-invasive techniques. The presented work has been mainly focused on micro-tomographic analysis. The project is concerned with the study of natural and cultivated pearls in order to develop an investigation methodology for the analysis, distinction and characterization of different types of pearls, some of them belonging to different precious jewels from private collections. The investigations, carried out on a total of 22 heterogeneous types of pearls, allowed us to establish their origin (natural or cultivated) or to confirm/deny if a hypothesis was already expressed, and as well to highlight the cultivation methodology used case by case. Furthermore, it was possible to ascertain how large and varied the market for cultured pearls is nowadays and how difficult is, in some particular cases, to ascertain their attribution to a certain origin.

Evaluating the Condition of Sandstone Rock-Hewn Cave-Temple Façade Using In Situ Non-invasive Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2915-2920
Author(s):  
Yinghong Wang ◽  
Qiangqiang Pei ◽  
Shanlong Yang ◽  
Qinglin Guo ◽  
Heather Viles
Keyword(s):  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sandstone Rock ◽  
Invasive Techniques

scholarly journals Non-Invasive and In Situ Characterization of the Degradation of Biomaterial Scaffolds by Volumetric Photoacoustic Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shrike Zhang ◽  
Xin Cai ◽  
Junjie Yao ◽  
Wenxin Xing ◽  
Lihong V. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoacoustic Microscopy ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds

scholarly journals Characterization of BAT activity in rats using invasive and non-invasive techniques

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0215852
Author(s):  
Andreas Paulus ◽  
Petronella A. van Ewijk ◽  
Emmani B. M. Nascimento ◽  
Marijke De Saint-Hubert ◽  
Geert Hendrikx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bat Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

scholarly journals Non-Invasive and In Situ Characterization of the Degradation of Biomaterial Scaffolds by Volumetric Photoacoustic Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shrike Zhang ◽  
Xin Cai ◽  
Junjie Yao ◽  
Wenxin Xing ◽  
Lihong V. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoacoustic Microscopy ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds

scholarly journals An imaging and spectroscopic methodology for in situ analysis of ceiling and wall decorations in Colonial missions in Northern Mexico from XVII to XVIII centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Casanova-González ◽  
Miguel Ángel Maynez-Rojas ◽  
Alejandro Mitrani ◽  
Isaac Rangel-Chávez ◽  
María Angélica García-Bucio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Almost three hundred Spanish colonial missions—or their remains—are scattered over the vast state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. A few of them still display painted decorations on the wood ceilings and walls. The decorated areas vary greatly, from the whole ceiling of the main aisle to just a few square meters in a lateral chapel, and so does the conservation state of the paintings. In this context, the information regarding the paintings’ composition plays a key role in the restoration and conservation processes. For the gathering of such information, we propose a combined methodology for a fast, non-destructive and non-invasive characterization of such paintings with a minimum of techniques. This methodology includes false color infrared imaging as a first approach to determine the composition of large areas of the paintings and the homogeneity of the materials used in the painted areas, followed by small area analysis by X-ray fluorescence and fiber-optics reflectance spectroscopy. This methodology was applied to characterize the elemental and molecular composition of the decorations for four missions in Chihuahua in a fast and specific manner, revealing the use of a mix of mineral and organic materials including indigo and cochineal, and detecting differences between the missions. The methodology presented here can be easily applied for the study of a wider number of missions in Chihuahua and other regions to provide outstanding information of materials, pictorial techniques and deterioration conditions.

scholarly journals Shades of blue: non-invasive spectroscopic investigations of Maya blue pigments. From laboratory mock-ups to Mesoamerican codices

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Grazia ◽  
David Buti ◽  
Anna Amat ◽  
Francesca Rosi ◽  
Aldo Romani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Vibrational Study ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Maya Blue ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Compositional Variability

AbstractMaya blue is a hybrid pigment where an organic component, indigo, is incorporated in a porous clay. Despite its widespread use in the Mesoamerican artistic production and numerous studies devoted to understand the type of interactions between indigo and the host framework, its technology has not been completely unravelled yet. In this study portable non-invasive UV–vis reflection spectroscopy is proposed as a robust method for in situ investigation of Maya blue pigments. Laboratory mock-ups of powder Maya blue have been prepared employing different synthesis procedures (varying the nature of: clays, indigo–clay ratios, heating temperatures and time). The goodness of the prepared Maya blue samples—namely the occurrence of indigo–clay interactions—have been probed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and related UV–vis spectral markers have been identified. DFT calculations as well have been performed to deeply explain UV–vis profiles. The set of spectral markers have been finally exploited to interpret spectra recorded on Mesoamerican pictorial codices, through a multi-technique approach based on exploring the UV–Vis properties of the blue paint supported by the FT-IR vibrational study of the inorganic clays. The characterization of blue colours on pre-Hispanic and colonial Mesoamerican codices contribute to a better understanding of the compositional variability of these painting materials and to point out the existence of different technological traditions of colour preparation in ancient Mesoamerica.

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