scholarly journals Pros and Cons of Climate Change for Forest Phytophagous Insects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentyna Meshkova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Pros And Cons

scholarly journals Attitude Changes of Stakeholders towards Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agricultural Sector by Online Deliberation

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Kenshi Baba ◽  
Eri Amanuma ◽  
Motoko Kosugi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Online Deliberation ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Adaptation Policies ◽  
Attitude Changes

This study set up online virtual communities consisting of farmers and stakeholders involved in agriculture and nonfarmers living in rural areas interested in agricultural production. We conducted a deliberation within the communities for 14 days on identifying important climate change adaptation policies for 30 years later under climate change impacts with the relevant knowledge from experts. During the deliberation, after self-introduction took place including the realization of climate change impacts, the participants were provided with the expert knowledge on impacts of climate change, adaptation policies in agricultural sector and so on, then the following discussions covered issues such as the distribution of agricultural produce, insufficient successors, and support for farmers, such as impacts on crops during disasters concerning future scenarios. Attitude changes before and after deliberation were observed in terms of the pros and cons of climate change adaptation policies in agriculture and rural areas, but statistically significant differences were not observed. On the other hand, a statistically significant change was observed in some determinants of the pros and cons, such as the perceived effectiveness and goal intention. This structural change results from that the participants became aware of a different perspective through deliberation. Thus, the online deliberation process was effective to some extent in increasing knowledge and promoting deeper understanding among participants during inquiry and reasoning was deepened in the process as they listened to the opinions of others in a different position with a different idea as well as read and search for scientific findings and information provided by experts.

Climate Change and Conservation in Brazil: CGE Evaluation of Health and Wealth Impacts

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhrendu K. Pattanayak ◽  
Martin T. Ross ◽  
Brooks M. Depro ◽  
Simone C. Bauch ◽  
Christopher Timmins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cge Modeling ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Ecosystem services are public goods that frequently constitute the only source of capital for the poor, who lack political voice. As a result, provision of ecosystem services is sub-optimal and estimation of their values is complicated. We examine how econometric estimation can feed computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling to estimate health-related ecosystem values. Against a back drop of climate change, we analyze the Brazilian policy to expand National Forests (FLONAS) by 50 million hectares. Because these major environmental changes can generate spillovers in other sectors, we develop and use a CGE model that focuses on land and labor markets. Compared to climate change and deforestation in the baseline, the FLONAS scenario suggests relatively small declines in GDP, output (including agriculture) and other macro indicators. Urban households will experience declines in their welfare because they own most of the capital and land, which allows them to capture most of the deforestation benefits. In contrast, even though rural households have fewer opportunities for subsistence agriculture and face additional competition with other rural agricultural workers for more limited employment, their welfare improves due to health benefits from conservation of nearby forests. The efficiency vs. equity tradeoffs implied by the FLONAS scenario suggests that health-related ecosystem services will be underprovided if the rural poor are politically weaker than the urban rich. In conclusion, we briefly discuss the pros and cons of the CGE strategy for valuing ecosystem-mediated health benefits and evaluating contemporary policies on climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Greek National Plan of Energy and Climate Change—Critical Remarks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13143
Author(s):  
Efthimios Zervas ◽  
Leonidas Vatikiotis ◽  
Zoe Gareiou ◽  
Stella Manika ◽  
Ruth Herrero-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

The Greek National Energy and Climate Plan was validated by the Greek Governmental Committee of Economic Policy on 23 December 2019. The decisions included in this plan will have a significant impact on the Greek energy mix as the production of electricity from lignite combustion ceases in 2028, when lignite will be replaced by natural gas (NG) and renewable energy sources (RES). This work presents an assessment of the Greek National Energy and Climate Plan by analyzing its pros and cons. The main critiques made are focused on the absence of risk analysis and alternative scenarios, the proposed energy mix, the absence of other alternatives on the energy mix and energy storage, the low attention given to energy savings (transport, buildings), the future energy prices, and the economic and social impacts. This analysis shows that delaying this transition for some years, to better prepare it by taking into consideration the most sustainable paths for that transition, such as using more alternatives, is the best available option today.

scholarly journals The Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System for 30 Years: A Systematic Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2878
Author(s):  
Benxin Chen ◽  
Zhifeng Liu ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Pei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Ecological Simulation ◽  
Application Fields

As the Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) is a tool to simulate the interactions between ecological and hydrological processes, many RHESSys-based studies have been implemented for sustainable watershed management. However, it is crucial to review a RHESSys updating history, pros, and cons for further improving the RHESSys and promoting ecohydrological studies. This paper reviewed the progress of ecohydrological studies employing RHESSys by a bibliometric analysis that quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of relevant studies. In addition, we addressed the main application progress, parameter calibration and validation methods, and uncertainty analysis. We found that since its release in 1993, RHESSys has been widely applied for basins (<100 km2) within mainly seven biomes. The RHESSys model has been applied for evaluating the ecohydrological responses to climate change, land management, urbanization, and disturbances, as well as water quality and biogeochemical cycle. While most studies have paid their attention on climate change, the focus has shifted to the application for land management in recent years. This study also identified many challenges in RHESSys such as the inaccessible data and parameters, oversimplified calibration approach, few applications for large-scale watersheds, and limited application fields. Therefore, this study proposed a set of suggestions to overcome the limitations and challenges: (1) Developing a new approach for parameter acquisition and calibration from multi-source data, (2) improving the applicability for a large-scale basin, and (3) extending the scope of application fields. We believe RHESSys can improve the understandings of human–environment relationships and the promotion of sustainable watersheds development.

scholarly journals Camel and Small Ruminant Based Pastoralism in Ethiopia: Recent Trends and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shewakena Teklegiorgis ◽  
Fikadu Yirga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Pastoral Area ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Predicted Model ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Forecasting Analysis

Abstract In Ethiopia, camel and shoat production are common pastoralism practices in three major pastoralist regions of Afar, Somali, and Borena. This review was aimed to indicate the recent trend and future prospect of camel and small ruminant production and the possible modifiers and the pros and cons of the practices in the pastoral area of Ethiopia. The data was collected from different researches conducted each year. The data was also organized in terms of the number of camel and shoat per household each year (2010-2020) and analyzed using trend and forecasting analysis model by SPSS software. There has been an increment of camel Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU) per household from 2.78, 13 and 9 to 37, 28, and 28 between the years 2010-2020 in Borena, Afar and Somali respectively and will increase to 45, 45, and 35 by 2030, respectively. In the whole pastoralist regions, the number of camels TLU per household has increased from 2.8 to 31 between the years 2010-2020 and will increase to 50 TLU per household by 2030. Moreover, the number of goats and sheep has increased from 1.4 and 0.91 TLU per household to 2.45 and 2.46, respectively between the years 2010-2020 and the predicted model indicates that it will increase to 2 and 3.4 TLU per household by 2030. Climate change, drought and adaptation responses were the major drivers. Climate change coping and livelihood income improvements were the pros of the trend, while the reduction of cattle population and impact on the conservation of valuable indigenous cattle were the cons of the practice.

Meeting Three Challenges in Risk Communication

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Rakow ◽  
Claire L. Heard ◽  
Ben R. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Multiple Levels

Risk communication takes many forms, can serve a number of different purposes, and can inform people about a wide variety of risks. We outline three challenges that must often be met when communicating about risk, irrespective of the form or purpose of that communication, or the type of risk that this involves. The first challenge is how best to help people understand the phenomenology of the risks that they are exposed to: The nature of the risk, the mechanism(s) by which they arise, and, therefore, what can be done to manage these risks. Each risk has its own phenomenology; therefore, rather than offering generic guidance, we illustrate with the case of climate change risk how evidence from behavioral science can guide the design of messages about risk. The second challenge is how best to present quantitative risk information about risk probabilities. Here, there is potential for: Ambiguity, difficulty in evaluating quantitative information, and weak numeracy skills among those being targeted by a message. We outline when each of these difficulties is most likely to arise as a function of the precision of the message and show how messages that cover multiple levels of precision might ameliorate these difficulties. The third challenge is the role played by people’s emotional reactions to the risks that they face and to the messages that they receive about these risks. Here, we discuss the pros and cons of playing up, or playing down, the emotional content of risk communication messages.

scholarly journals Selecting and analysing climate change adaptation measures at six research sites across Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk-Jan van Alphen ◽  
Clemens Strehl ◽  
Fabian Vollmer ◽  
Eduard Interwies ◽  
Anasha Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Governance Analysis ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Abstract. As Europe is faced with increasing droughts and extreme precipitation, countries are taking measures to adapt to these changes. It is challenging, however, to navigate through the wide range of possible measures, taking into account the efficacy, economic impact and social justice aspects of these measures, as well as the governance requirements for implementing them. This article describes and evaluates an approach to selecting and analysing climate change adaptation measures that was applied at six research sites across Europe. It describes the steps that were taken in collecting, selecting and analysing adaptation measures, in a process with local stakeholders, with concrete examples from the case studies. The governance analysis focuses on the requirements associated with the measures and the extent to which these requirements are met at the research sites. The socio-economic impact focuses on the efficacy of the measures in reducing the risks and the broad range of tools available to compare the measures on their societal impact. Finally, the social justice analysis focuses on the distributive impacts of the adaptation measures. In the discussion, we identify some key findings with regard to the different kind of measures. In the conclusion we briefly assess the main pros and cons of the different analyses that were conducted. The main conclusion is that although the research sites were very different in both the challenges and the institutional context, the approach presented here yielded decision relevant outcomes.

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