scholarly journals Elimination of Schistosoma japonicum Transmission in China: A Case of Schistosomiasis Control in the Severe Epidemic Area of Anhui Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhan Li ◽  
Yibiao Zhou ◽  
Tianping Wang ◽  
Shiqing Zhang ◽  
Gengxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Change Trend ◽  
Optimizing Control ◽  
World Bank Loan ◽  
Five Phases

Over the several decades, China has been incessantly optimizing control strategies in response to the varying epidemic situations of schistosomiasis. We evaluated continuously the changing prevalence under different control strategies of two villages, Sanlian and Guifan, in China through five phases lasting 37 years. We tested residents, calculated prevalence and discussed change causes. We found the prevalence in Sanlian did not differ significant from that of Guifan (p = 0.18) in 1981, but decreased to 2.66%, much lower than Guifan’s 11.25%, in 1984 (p = 0). Besides, prevalence in Guifan increased to 21.25% in 1987, while in Sanlian it rose to 20.78% until 1989. Those data confirmed that praziquantel combined with snail control could better reduce the prevalence. From 1992 to 1994, the prevalence in the two villages displayed downtrends, which showed the World Bank Loan Project worked. From 1995 to 2004, repeated oscillations with no obvious change trend was seen. Since 2005, the prevalence in both villages has shown a significant downtrend (p < 0.05), which suggests the integrated strategy is effective. We considered the control strategies were implemented suitably in the study area under changing social circumstances. Adjusting the strategy in consideration of social transformations is necessary and vital. The experience may be useful for policy making of other epidemic areas with an analogous situation.

Achievement of the World Bank Loan Project on schistosomiasis control (1992–2000) in Hubei province and the challenge in the future

Acta Tropica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Changsong ◽  
Yu Binggui ◽  
Liao Hongyi ◽  
Dai Yuhai ◽  
Xingjian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
World Bank Loan

scholarly journals Basic charasteristics of information system of health insurance in FB&H

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Amela Dzubur ◽  
Asim Besic ◽  
Ajnija Omanic ◽  
Alen Dzubur ◽  
Dragana Niksic
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Common Information ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Administrative Division ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
World Bank Loan

Due to the territorial and administrative division in the war period, information system of health protection after the war was divided in two systems, what matched organisation of health insurance in that period. Those information systems were incompatible, developed on different, both, hardware and software. Therefore, Ministry of Health, within the project "Basic hospital services", financed through the World Bank loan, applied new, common information system in health insurance. Goal of this paper is to present basic features of information system of healthinsurance in FB&H, as well as the way of its functioning in respect to other institutions included in the system, respective data bases, sites of entering and updating data, while using data available with Federal Bureau of Health Insurance.

The epidemiological status of schistosomiasis in P. R. China after the World Bank Loan Project, 2002–2017

Acta Tropica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Zhang ◽  
Si-Min Dai ◽  
Jing-Bo Xue ◽  
Yin-Long Li ◽  
Shan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Bank Loan

scholarly journals SYSTEM IRIGATION OF RASPBERRY ON THE TERRITORY OF BRATUNAC MUNICIPALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Stjepanović
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Average Area ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
World Bank Loan ◽  
Privately Owned

In the Republic of Srpska, the construction of an irrigation system in agriculture is ongoing, in order to increase the yield. One of the projects that is being implemented is the construction of a system for irrigation of raspberries in the territory of the municipality of Bratunac. In the area of 20 local communities, 27 irrigation systems are being built. The total area for irrigation is about 490 hectares. Plots are privately owned, with an average area of 0.2 hectares. The systems consist of water intakes (wells along the Drina river or direct catch from smaller streams), pressure pipelines, reservoirs, distribution pipelines, hydrants for taking water for individual land plots. The project is funded by the World Bank loan. It is expected to increase yields from irrigated areas by at least 30%.

The Research on Pavement Maintenance Management of Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 1324-1330
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Zhang ◽  
Lian Yu Wei ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Wei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Service Life ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Engineering Management ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Construction Quality ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
World Bank Loan

The Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu expressway is the first highway which is built by using World Bank loan in china. With the influence of service life increasing and traffic growing, the diseases appear such as rut, crack and poor flatness, so the use performance of the highway obviously degrades. Pavement overhaul effectively reduces the appearing of pavement diseases and prolongs the service life of the road. This paper conducts a detailed research on the engineering management and construction quality control of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu expressway overhaul which has strong reference significance on highway overhaul.

scholarly journals Coupled exoskeleton assistance simplifies control and maintains metabolic benefits: A simulation study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261318
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Bianco ◽  
Patrick W. Franks ◽  
Jennifer L. Hicks ◽  
Scott L. Delp
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Lower Limb Exoskeleton ◽  
Human Experiments ◽  
Optimizing Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Exoskeleton Device

Assistive exoskeletons can reduce the metabolic cost of walking, and recent advances in exoskeleton device design and control have resulted in large metabolic savings. Most exoskeleton devices provide assistance at either the ankle or hip. Exoskeletons that assist multiple joints have the potential to provide greater metabolic savings, but can require many actuators and complicated controllers, making it difficult to design effective assistance. Coupled assistance, when two or more joints are assisted using one actuator or control signal, could reduce control dimensionality while retaining metabolic benefits. However, it is unknown which combinations of assisted joints are most promising and if there are negative consequences associated with coupled assistance. Since designing assistance with human experiments is expensive and time-consuming, we used musculoskeletal simulation to evaluate metabolic savings from multi-joint assistance and identify promising joint combinations. We generated 2D muscle-driven simulations of walking while simultaneously optimizing control strategies for simulated lower-limb exoskeleton assistive devices to minimize metabolic cost. Each device provided assistance either at a single joint or at multiple joints using massless, ideal actuators. To assess if control could be simplified for multi-joint exoskeletons, we simulated different control strategies in which the torque provided at each joint was either controlled independently or coupled between joints. We compared the predicted optimal torque profiles and changes in muscle and total metabolic power consumption across the single joint and multi-joint assistance strategies. We found multi-joint devices–whether independent or coupled–provided 50% greater metabolic savings than single joint devices. The coupled multi-joint devices were able to achieve most of the metabolic savings produced by independently-controlled multi-joint devices. Our results indicate that device designers could simplify multi-joint exoskeleton designs by reducing the number of torque control parameters through coupling, while still maintaining large reductions in metabolic cost.

Multi-frequency rotor vibration suppressing through self-optimizing control of electromagnetic force

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Jianfei ◽  
Gao Jinji ◽  
Wang Weimin
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Vibration Control ◽  
Control Force ◽  
Rotor Vibration ◽  
Control Current ◽  
Active Vibration ◽  
Optimizing Control ◽  
Rotor Bearings

In this paper, the attention is confined to the suppression of multi-frequency rotor vibration. A method to control rotor’s multi-frequency periodic vibration in rotor-bearings system is proposed which uses active magnetic exciter (AME) to produce active control force to suppress rotor’s vibration and to reach a self-optimizing control of the rotor vibration. The control strategies include an arithmetic to optimize the amplitudes and phases of the control current using on-line self-optimizing algorithms in AME and applied multiple frequency-matched control force that AME generates to reduce the measured amplitudes of rotor. The model of rotor-bearings system with AME is established firstly. An active vibration control scheme for controlling transverse vibration of the rotor due to multi-frequency excitation is designed. The whole circle search algorithm and fast optimizing search algorithm about the amplitude and phase of control current are proposed. Finally, the experiments for controlling multi-frequency vibration of the rotor are carried out on the rotor-bearings test rig. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively suppress the rotor vibration for multi-frequency components through self-optimizing control of electromagnetic force.

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