scholarly journals The Association between Social Support and Incident Dementia: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyoe Murata ◽  
Tami Saito ◽  
Masashige Saito ◽  
Katsunori Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
System Data ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Dementia Onset ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Social support is important for the health of elderly populations. However, its longitudinal effect on incident dementia is unclear. We used the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES) project data to investigate the longitudinal effect of social support on dementia onset. Functionally independent older people at baseline (n = 14,088) in 10 municipalities were followed from 2003 to 2013 using National Long-term Care Insurance System data. Social support was assessed by the following support sources: co-residing family, family or relatives living apart, and friends or neighbors. Cumulative incidence of dementia was 14.6% and 18.7% for men and women, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models were employed by gender to investigate the association between social support and dementia onset adjusting for age, health status, health behaviors, subjective cognitive complaints, depression, and other socioeconomic factors. Gender differences were observed in the association between social support and incident dementia. Support from co-residing family members was protective among men, whereas among women, no effect of social support on dementia was observed. Among other social factors, community engagement was protective for women, while for men, being married was associated with lower incidence of dementia. The association between social support and dementia seems to differ by gender. When we design programs to promote social interactions among the elderly, we need to take into account such gender differences.

scholarly journals Neighborhood sidewalk environment and incidence of dementia in older Japanese adults: the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukako Tani ◽  
Masamichi Hanazato ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Norimichi Suzuki ◽  
Katsunori Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Abstract Sidewalks are indispensable environmental resources for daily life in that they encourage physical activity. However, the percentage of sidewalks installation is low even in developed countries. We examined the association between neighborhood sidewalk environment and dementia in Japan. We conducted a 3-year follow-up (2010-2013) among participants in a Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. We ascertained the incidence of dementia for 76,053 participants from the public long-term care insurance system. We calculated sidewalk coverage (sidewalk area as a percentage of road area) within 436 residential neighborhood units using the geographic information system. Multilevel survival models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the incidence of dementia. During the follow-up, 5310 dementia cases were found. In urban areas, compared with the lowest quartile for sidewalk coverage, the HR was 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33–0.54) for the highest quartile, adjusting for individual covariates. After successive adjustments for other neighborhood factors (land slope, numbers of hospitals, grocery stores, parks, stations and bus stops, education level, and unemployment rate), the HR remained statistically significant (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94). Living in neighborhoods with high sidewalks installation was associated with low dementia incidence in urban areas.

scholarly journals Frailty and social support: the care services response to aging in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kholostov
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Services ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Health And Social Care

Abstract In the twenty-first century, ageing of population, having become a global phenomenon, raised questions about the need to consider the social services of the elderly from an institutional perspective. Thus, the number of Russians over the age of 100 in 2018 exceeded 15.7 thousand people. In Moscow, as in the mega polis, in 2018 more than 3.4031 million people (27.2%) are older than working age. Different countries have their own characteristics of social service systems, models and policies, it depends to a large extent on the traditions of assistance, sources of financing, the space of responsibility assumed by the State, society, the family and the individual himself. New technologies to be applied for working with the elderly in Russia. Transition to the establishment of a system of long-term care at the level of multidisciplinary cooperation (reform of the residential care system; development of community based services, formation of Social Support Services for 75+, foster family for the elderly).Development of active longevityChanging the role repertoire of an older person (formation of new types of social roles previously characteristic of younger ages; changing of intergenerational link formats, etc.).The growing social responsibility of the State contributes to a more effective interaction between health and social care authorities, as well as a more active involvement of the NGO sector in addressing the problems of older persons.The increase in the number of older persons leads to the creation and active development of a silver economy that contributes to improving the well-being of people.Transfer of retraining and advanced training systems to the competent level according to professional standards (independent assessment of qualifications, personnel diagnostics, formation of individual trajectory of education, training of multiple disciplinary teams).

scholarly journals Community social support and onset of dementia in older Japanese individuals: a multilevel analysis using the JAGES cohort data

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044631
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Miyaguni ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Jun Aida ◽  
Masashige Saito ◽  
Taishi Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance

ObjectiveRecently, there has been an increase in the number of people with dementia. However, no study has examined the association between community-level social support and the onset of incident dementia using multilevel survival analysis.DesignA prospective cohort study.Participants and settingWe analysed data pertaining to 15 313 (7381 men and 7932 women) community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who had not accessed long-term care insurance and were living in Aichi Prefecture (seven municipalities) in Japan.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe association between community-level social support and onset of incident dementia was examined using the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a prospective cohort study introduced in Japan in 2003. Incident dementia was assessed using Long-term Care Insurance records spanning 3436 days from the baseline survey.ResultsDuring the 10-year follow-up, the onset of incident dementia occurred in 1776 adults. Among older people, a 1% increase in community-level social support (in the form of receiving emotional support) was associated with an approximately 4% reduction in the risk of developing dementia, regardless of socio-demographic variables and health conditions (HR=0.96; 95% CI=0.94 to 0.99).ConclusionsReceiving community-level social support in the form of emotional support is associated with a lower risk of developing incident dementia.

scholarly journals Emotional and Instrumental Social Support as Determinants of Happiness: A Cross-Sectional Study of Malaysian Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Nazarudin Safian ◽  
Saharuddin Ahmad ◽  
Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah ◽  
Zulkefley Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Happiness is an essential component for experience healthy ageing. Hence, understanding the factors that contribute to happiness is essential for a better quality of life. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with happiness among the elderly population in Malaysia.Methods: In this study, 1204 respondents were recruited from urban and rural areas in Selangor. The face-to-face interview was conducted using the Bahasa Malaysian version of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study questionnaire. The inclusion criteria include Malaysians who are 60 years old and above and can converse in the Malaysian language. Those who encounter less than seven scores for the Abbreviated Mental Test were excluded from the study.Result: Among the 1204 respondents, 953 (79.2%) of them were happy. In terms of sociodemographic characteristics, men who were happy, 60 to 74 years old and live in urban areas were significantly associated with happiness. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the significant factors associated with happiness among the elderly include the social support they receive, both emotional support (adjusted OR 2.33) and instrumental support (adjusted OR 1.59); the locality they reside in (adjusted OR 1.65); how they self-rated themselves in terms of their health status (adjusted OR 1.58); their educational level (adjusted OR 4.20) and their household income (adjusted OR 0.77).Conclusion: Thus, ensuring the elderly population in receiving emotional and instrumental support can enhance their happiness level.

Pharmacology Issues Related to Dementia Syndrome of Depression in Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Angel L. Ball ◽  
Adina S. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Environmental Communication ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Anticholinergic Medications ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Dementia Syndrome

Pharmacological intervention for depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly is higher than the population average. Among the patients on such medications are those with a puzzling mix of symptoms, diagnosed as “dementia syndrome of depression,” formerly termed “pseudodementia”. Cognitive-communicative changes, potentially due to medications, complicate the diagnosis even further. This discussion paper reviews the history of the terminology of “pseudodementia,” and examines the pharmacology given as treatment for depressive symptoms in the elderly population that can affect cognition and communication. Clinicians can reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment by having an awareness of potential side effects, including decreased attention, memory, and reasoning capacities, particularly due to some anticholinergic medications. A team approach to care should include a cohesive effort directed at caution against over-medication, informed management of polypharmacology, enhancement of environmental/communication supports and quality of life, and recognizing the typical nature of some depressive signs in elderly institutionalized individuals.

Gender differences of the elderly after cardiac surgery - Do older women worse than men?

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ried ◽  
C Schmid ◽  
L Rupprecht ◽  
M Hilker ◽  
C Diez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Older Women ◽  
The Elderly

The Unusual Cruelty of Nursing Homes Behind Bars

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Rachel E. López
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
The Cost

The elderly prison population continues to rise along with higher rates of dementia behind bars. To maintain the detention of this elderly population, federal and state prisons are creating long-term care units, which in turn carry a heavy financial burden. Prisons are thus gearing up to become nursing homes, but without the proper trained staff and adequate financial support. The costs both to taxpayers and to human dignity are only now becoming clear. This article squarely addresses the second dimension of this carceral practice, that is the cost to human dignity. Namely, it sets out why indefinitely incarcerating someone with dementia or other neurocognitive disorders violates the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. This conclusion derives from the confluence of two lines of U.S. Supreme Court precedent. First, in Madison v. Alabama, the Court recently held that executing someone (in Madison’s case someone with dementia) who cannot rationally understand their sentence amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. Second, in line with Miller v. Alabama, which puts life without parole (LWOP) sentences in the same class as death sentences due to their irrevocability, this holding should be extended to LWOP sentences. Put another way, this article explains why being condemned to life is equivalent to death for someone whose neurodegenerative disease is so severe that they cannot rationally understand their punishment.

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