scholarly journals Is It Possible to Change from a Linear to a Circular Economy? An Overview of Opportunities and Barriers for European Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Garcés-Ayerbe ◽  
Pilar Rivera-Torres ◽  
Inés Suárez-Perales ◽  
Dante Leyva-de la Hiz
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Common Barriers

The Circular Economy is a paradigm shift attempting to replace the end-of-life concept with reducing, reusing, recycling and recovering materials and to slow down, close and narrow material and power loops. This concept is much discussed in the academic literature, but limited progress has been accomplished so far regarding its empirical analysis. The objective of this work is to study circular economy practices and analyze in depth the circular economy behavior in European firms. We find that firms’ circular economy behavior is a gradual process where measures are implemented gradually, starting with activities involving control measures and ending with putting preventive practices in place. We discovered also that the most proactive companies in implementing circular economy measures generally come across certain common barriers such as administrative processes, regulations and a lack of human resources to perform these practices, while firms that have not implemented circular economy measures view financing, investment and cost–benefit barriers as the most significant. Significant efforts need to be undertaken by firms to accomplished circular economy. Also circular economy regulation should be improved to make it easier for companies to implement strategies that will make them more sustainable.

What's it Worth? Improving Surface Water Quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Newsome ◽  
C. D. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Many countries are investing in measures to improve surface water quality, but the investment programmes for so doing are increasingly becoming subject to cost-benefit analysis. Whilst the cost of control measures can usually be determined for individual improvement schemes, there are currently no established procedures for valuing the benefits attributable to improved surface water quality. The paper describes a methodology that has been derived that now makes this possible.

scholarly journals Efficient utilization of renewable feedstocks: the role of catalysis and process design

2017 ◽  
Vol 376 (2110) ◽  
pp. 20170064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Palkovits ◽  
Irina Delidovich
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks

Renewable carbon feedstocks such as biomass and CO 2 present an important element of future circular economy. Especially biomass as highly functionalized feedstock provides manifold opportunities for the transformation into attractive platform chemicals. However, this change of the resources requires a paradigm shift in refinery design. Fossil feedstocks are processed in gas phase at elevated temperature. In contrast, biorefineries are based on processes in polar solvents at moderate conditions to selectively deoxygenate the polar, often thermally instable and high-boiling molecules. Here, challenges of catalytic deoxygenation, novel strategies for separation and opportunities provided at the interface to biotechnology are discussed in form of showcases. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world’.

Lessons Learned from ISIS Recruitment in Turkey: A Paradigm Shift in Counterterrorism Is Needed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Ozeren ◽  
Suat Cubukcu ◽  
Mehmet F. Bastug
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Different Levels

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has been unprecedentedly effective in recruiting foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs). While Turkey has been a transit country and a major hub for ISIS’s logistical and human resources, it also has become a prolific hotbed for its recruitment. Based on face-to-face interviews and open-source reports, this paper provides an in-depth assessment of ISIS’s recruitment structure and the challenges that Turkey faces in relation to ISIS’s activities and FTFs. We conclude with a set of recommendations and a roadmap for pursuing effective and sustainable policies against ISIS. Overall, Turkey should adopt a paradigm shift on counterterrorism, transform the security and intelligence apparatus, and develop rehabilitation programs that consider the specificity of individuals’ radicalization at different levels.

Efficacy of quinalphos 25 EC for the management of wheat aphid

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Srivastava ◽  
Sudheer Rana ◽  
Vijay Rana ◽  
Sandeep Manuja
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Better Than

The present investigation was undertaken to find out the effective and economical control measures for the management of foliage feeding wheat aphids, for which three insecticides viz quinalphos 25 EC, thiamethoxam 25 % WG, and spinosad 45 EC were evaluated. Minimum aphid population was observed in case of quinalphos 25 EC @1600 ml/ha and was found at par with spinosad 45 EC @125 ml/ha and was found significantly better than other treatments, viz. quinalphos @1200 ml/ha and thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 100 gm/ha including untreated check after 7 days of treatment. However, quinalphos 25 EC @1600 ml/ha and spinosad 45 EC @125 ml/ha and significantly better than other treatments including untreated check. Grain yield of plot treated with quinalphos 25 EC @1600 ml/ha was registered with highest yield (39.25 q/ha) and significantly better than other treatments including control. Cost-benefit ratio and net profit calculated for different insecticidal treatments revealed that quinalphos 25 EC @1600 ml/ha (1:9.65) was found highly cost effective as compare to other insecticides.

Is resilience a unique extension rather than a rejection of neoliberalism? A critical reading of David Chandler’s writings on resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Unnathi S. Samaraweera
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Classical Liberalism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Central Argument

Purpose This paper aims to engage with the concept of resilience as theorized by David Chandler in his book Resilience: The Governance of Complexity by drawing from the theory of governmentality presented by Michel Foucault and Jonathan Joseph. Design/methodology/approach Evolving from classical liberalism to neoliberalism and from natural sciences to social sciences, the term “resilience” raises many questions about its sustainability in terms of its meaning and complexity. While most scholars tend to underscore the significance and practicality of the term, a few scholars argue that it is a failed dogma with neoliberal characteristics. As this is a theory-based study, its methodology involves close readings of academic texts produced mainly by David Chandler, Michel Foucault and Jonathan Joseph. Findings The central argument in this paper is though Chandler convincingly explains the paradigm shift of the term resilience from classical to neoliberal, his theorizing lacks the understanding that the type of power and governmentality involved in individual freedom, autonomy and complexity are actually parts of the neoliberal state. Hence, the buzzword resilience today is actually an extension of the same neoliberal thought. Originality/value First, the author attempts to critically engage with the term resilience from a sociological point of view using purposively selected academic literature. Second, the paper attempts to bring Chandler’s conceptualization on resilience into the disaster context and evaluates its practicality within the tenets of neoliberalism by drawing on Joseph’s and Foucault’s theorizations.

Cost benefit analysis of bovine mastitis in the UK

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey S. Beck ◽  
William S. Wise ◽  
Frank H. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
The Uk

SummaryBovine mastitis reduces the yield and quality of milk and increases the rate of culling and veterinary costs. This reduces the profitability of farm milk production but the calculation of the extent of this economic loss is complex because of the many factors involved and deficiencies in the evidence on the relationship between the disease and various production factors. This paper examines the available evidence for the UK and provides a consistent analytical framework within which the benefits arising from reduced mastitis in dairy herds constrained by quota can be considered. It is estimated that since 1970 the farms that have followed the recommended control procedures have reduced the average annual number of cases of clinical mastitis from 135 to 40 cases/100 cows each year, while the quarters remaining uninfected for a whole year has increased from 65 to 80% of the total quarters. The costs of the main control procedures (e.g. £8–60/cow for dry-cow therapy and teat dipping or spraying) are broadly covered by the reduction in clinical mastitis, leaving the benefits of reduced subclinical infection (e.g. £3810 for a 100 cow herd unconstrained by quota and achieving the average reduction in infection) as a substantial bonus. The imposition of quotas reduces the financial benefit of mastitis control but it still remains a worthwhile investment. The results of this analysis can be used to suggest maximum costs of additional new control measures produced by research. It also indicates that there is considerable value in production research which gives more precise knowledge of production Systems, thus allowing producers to respond optimally to quota cuts.

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