Distribution and Contamination Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in the Jiulongjiang River Catchment, Southeast China

A total of 63 soil samples were collected from three soil profiles (yellow soil, red loam, red soil) from Jiulongjiang river catchment to investigate the distribution, controlling factors, and toxic risks of heavy metals, including Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni. The results showed that Cr and Cd in soils were enriched. The relationships between heavy metals and soil properties were assessed by principal component analysis. The results indicated that soil organic matter (SOM) played a fundamental role in controlling Cd and Pb in yellow soil and red loam sites. The Cd was significantly correlated with Pb and Cu, and Cr, Zn, Ni, Fe displayed strong correlations with each other, however, no statistical correlation was found between Cd and Cr. The enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index analyses showed that the soils in the study area were contaminated by Cd. Potential ecological risk analyses indicated that Cd posed a considerable ecological risk in yellow soils, and posed a moderate ecological risk in red loams and red soils.

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Ecological Risk Assessment and Contamination History of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Chagan Lake, Northeast China

Water ◽

10.3390/w13070894 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 894

Author(s):

Panfeng Liu ◽

Chaojie Zheng ◽

Meilan Wen ◽

Xianrong Luo ◽

Zhiqiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Surface Sediment ◽

Northeast China ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

210Pb Dating ◽

History Of ◽

Chagan Lake

The study deals with the spatio-temporal distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Chagan lake, Northeast China. The pollution history of heavy metals is studied simultaneously through the 210Pb dating method by analyzing the characteristic of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentration-depth profiles. The potential ecological risk index (RI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to evaluate the contamination degree. Principal component analysis (PCA), based on the logarithmic transformation and isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformed data, was applied with the aim of identifying the sources of heavy metals. The element concentrations show that the heavy metals are enriched in the surface sediment and sediment core with a varying degree, which is higher in the surficial residue. The results of Igeo indicate that the Cd and Hg in the surface sediment have reached a slightly contaminated level while other elements, uncontaminated. The results of RI show that the study area can be classified as an area with moderate ecological risk in which Cd and Hg mostly contribute to the overall risk. For the sediment core, the 210Pb dating results accurately reflect the sedimentary history over 153 years. From two evaluation indices (RI and Igeo) calculated by element concentration, there is no contamination, and the potential ecological risk is low during this period. The comparative study between raw and ilr transformed data shows that the closure effect of the raw data can be eliminated by ilr transformation. After that, the components obtained by robust principal component analysis (RPCA) are more representative than those obtained by PCA, both based on ilr transformed dataset, after eliminating the influence of outliers. Based on ilr transformed data with RPCA, three primary sources could be inferred: Cr, Ni, As, Zn, and Cu are mainly derived from natural sources; the main source of Cd and Hg are associated with agricultural activities and energy development; as for Pb, it originated from traffic and coal-burning activities, which is consistent with the fact that the development of tourism, fishery, and agriculture industries has led to the continuous increasing levels of anthropogenic Pb in Chagan Lake. The summarized results and conclusions will undoubtedly enhance the governmental awareness of heavy metal pollution and facilitate appropriate pollution control measures in Chagan Lake.

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Heavy Metals Distribution, Sources, and Ecological Risk Assessment in Huixian Wetland, South China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12020431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 431

Author(s):

Liangliang Huang ◽

Saeed Rad ◽

Li Xu ◽

Liangying Gui ◽

Xiaohong Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

South China ◽

Ecological Risk Assessment ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Anthropogenic Sources

This research has focused on the source identification, concentration, and ecological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in the largest karst wetland (Huixian) of south China. Numerous samples from superficial soil and sediment within ten representative landuse types were collected and examined, and the results were analyzed using multiple methods. Single pollution index (Pi) results were underpinned by the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) method, in which Cd was observed as the priority pollutant with the highest contamination degree in this area. As for the most polluted landuse type, via applying Nemerow’s synthetical contamination index (PN) and Potential ecological risk index (RI), the river and rape field posed the highest ecological risks, while moderate for the rest. To quantify the drivers of the contaminants, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out and weathering of the watershed’s parent carbonate rocks was found to be the main possible origin, followed by anthropogenic sources induced by agricultural fertilizer. Considering the impacts of these potentially toxic elements on public health, the results of this study are essential to take preventive actions for environmental protection and sustainable development in the region.

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Assessment of heavy metals with ecological risk of soils in the industrial vicinity of Tangail district, Bangladesh

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v6i1.9791 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ram Proshad ◽

Md. Saiful Islam ◽

Tapos Kormoker

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Enrichment Factor ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Cd Contamination ◽

The Mean

This study was conducted to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in soils collected from the industrial vicinity of Tangail district in Bangladesh. In this study, the levels of six heavy metals namely chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 15 sampling sites around the industrial vicinity of Tangail district in Bangladesh were assessed. The mean concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in studied soils were 11.56, 23.92, 37.27, 6.11, 2.01, and 17.46 mg/kg, respectively. Certain indices, including the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (Cif), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), toxic unit analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the ecological risk. The enrichment factor of all the studied metals for all sampling sites were in the descending order of Cd > Cu > As > Pb >Ni > Cr. The contamination factor values revealed that the studied soils were highly impacted by Cd. The pollution load index (PLI) values of Cd were higher than 1, indicating the progressive deterioration of soil due to Cd contamination. In the context of potential ecological risk (PER), soils from all sampling sites showed moderate to very high potential ecological risk.

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Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sugarcane Soil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1402 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 651-653 ◽

pp. 1402-1409

Author(s):

Gui Ping Xu ◽

Xiao Fei Wang ◽

Li Jun Chen

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Risk Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Potential Ecological Risk

Concentrations of heavy metals in sugarcane soil of Guangxi were determined and the potential ecological risk index was used simultaneously to evaluate the extent of heavy metals enrichment contamination. Results showed that the pollution extent of heavy metals in sugarcane soil by potential ecological risk followed the order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn, Cu and Zn were slightly polluted, with small potential ecological harm, while Pb and Cd were above moderately polluted, with heavy potential ecological harm. Principal component analysis was applied to estimate the sources of heavy metals contamination, the results indicated that the first two components accounted for 61.016% and 26.920% of the total variance respectively, 4 kinds of heavy metal elements had similar sources, tailing dam lead-zinc concentrator upstream along the coast was the main sources of heavy metal contamination.

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Eutrophication and sediment–water exchange of total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals of Hashilan wetland, a national heritage in NW Iran

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-17937-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sajjad Abbasi ◽

Sara Sheikh Fakhradini ◽

Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh ◽

Pooria Ebrahimi ◽

Shirin Yavar Ashayeri

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Nw Iran

AbstractThe heavy metal(loid)s concentrations in water and sediments were analyzed in the Hashilan wetland to assess the spatial distribution, pollution status, fate, partitioning, and ecological risk and also to identify the heavy metal(loid)s sources in sediments using PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) and APCs-MLR (absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression) receptor models. According to the pollution indices, (Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo), and (Zn, Cr, and Cu) are considered the most important pollutants in sediments and water, respectively. Ni, Cr, and Cu are the main contributors to ecological risks in sediments of some stations. The potential ecological risk assessment proposed low ecological risk in water of the study area. Higher distribution coefficient (Kp) values of Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Co, Pb, As, and Zn indicated the majority of these heavy metals present in the sediments; whereas, the majority of Cd concentration occurs in water. PMF and APCs-MLR results indicated the natural sources were the main factors affecting the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Zn, Al, Co, Fe, Pb, As, Cd and somewhat Cu. Mixed natural and agricultural activities are the main sources of Mo, and somewhat Cu. According to the results, there is low pollution of TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) in the sediment samples. Also, phosphate (PO42−) and nitrate (NO3−) concentrations were below the recommended permissible limits at all sampling sites except the S8 station for NO3−.

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The ecological risk assessment and suggestions on heavy metals in river sediments of Jinan

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.380 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (8) ◽

pp. 2177-2187 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xu Wang ◽

Lijun Ren ◽

Fengchao Jiao ◽

Wenjie Liu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Risk Index ◽

River Sediments ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Heavy Metals Pollution

The concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni) in six river sediment samples were collected for evaluation of the degree of the heavy metals pollution distribution and ecological risk of three main rivers' sediments in Jinan. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the most common pollution sources. The results illustrated that all of the metals in Damatou and Xinfengzhuang sections of the Xiaoqing River were much higher than the background value, and the level of potential ecological risk index was very high. The remaining four sections had a low or moderate degree of ecological risk. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that all metals, with the exception of As, formed the first component explaining 86.85% of the total variance and industry sources could be considered as the first component, while As alone could be the second component, representing agricultural source. The elements Cr and Zn were grouped together while the remaining six metals formed a separate category. Among all heavy metals, Hg and Cd were the most significant contributors to the pollution. Therefore, the prevention of pollution should pay more attention to controlling the sources, especially Hg and Cd.

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Spatiotemporal Trends, Sources and Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments of Weitou Bay, China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18189562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (18) ◽

pp. 9562

Author(s):

Qiuming Chen ◽

Faming Huang ◽

Anran Cai

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

High Risk ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Risk Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Ecological Risks ◽

Spatiotemporal Trends ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Anthropogenic Contributions

Heavy metals are extremely harmful materials to marine ecosystems and human health. To determine the anthropogenic contributions and ecological risks in Weitou Bay, China, the spatiotemporal variations in the concentrations of heavy metals in surface sediment were investigated during spring 2008 and 2017. The results indicated that high concentrations of pollutants were generally located near the river mouths and along the coast of industrial areas. Principal component analysis indicated that heavy metal contents were mainly affected by industrial waste drainage, urban development, natural weathering and erosion, and interactions between organic matter and sulfides. The potential ecological risk assessment demonstrated that, in 2008, 82% of the sampling sites were at low risk, while 18% were at moderate risk. The situation had deteriorated slightly by 2017, with 73%, 18%, and 9% of stations in Waytou Bay at low, moderate, and very high risk, respectively. Cd was the most harmful metal, followed by Hg. These two elements accounted for more than 80% of the potential ecological risk index (RI) value. The present work analyzed the source of heavy metals, identified the major pollution elements and high risk areas, and provides guidance for pollution control and ecological restoration in Weitou Bay.

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Characterization of Heavy Metals in Typical River Sediments on the West Bank of Taihu Lake, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-680543/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Xiaoming Ren ◽

Yang Qiu ◽

Jiade Cheng ◽

Yan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Taihu Lake ◽

West Bank ◽

Risk Index ◽

River Sediments ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Contamination Level ◽

The West

Abstract In this study, nine heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Hg, Pb, Cu, Ni, Be, Sb) in typical river sediments of Wujin and Yixing, two cities on the west bank of Taihu Lake, were determined. Variety of statistical methods were applied to analyze the distribution, sources, pollution status and the potential ecological risk of these metals. The results showed that the mean concentrations for most of the heavy metals in sediments exceeded their local background values, except for Hg and Be. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) analysis showed the partially serious contaminated status and strong potential ecological risk for Cd in most sites. The highest contamination level was observed in the estuary of Taihu Lake and most of the sediment samples were polluted and under risk. Principal component analysis (PCA), Cluster analysis (CA) and correlation analysis demonstrated that Ni, Sb, Cr and Cu were controlled by industrial sources, whereas the other metals appeared to be influenced by complex origins including industrial, agricultural and natural sources.

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Ecological Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metals In Sediments Of A Riverine Wetland, Huaihe River Watershed, China

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.1515/eces-2015-0013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 231-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hezhong Yuan ◽

Wei Pan ◽

Zhengjie Zhu ◽

Ying Wei ◽

Qifang Geng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Huaihe River ◽

River Watershed ◽

Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Riverine Wetland

Abstract The concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in sediment cores collected from a representative riverine wetland located in the Huaihe River watershed, China, dramaticlly increased from the bottom to upper layer of the cores. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and enrichment factor (EF) suggested that heavy metals might primarily have been derived from the inflow of contaminated water from an industrial park and agricultural region. Component 1 of the PCA was dominated by Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, and Pb, while Component 2 was dominated by As. Metals’ high concentrations and EF values showed that the anthropogenic pollutants have increased sharply in recent years and reflect the continuous development of industry and agriculture in the region of the wetland, with a corresponding dramatic deterioration of the environment due to constant effluent of pollutants. Cd exerted the highest potential ecological risk of individual metals of sediment cores. Additionally, integrated RI values for all metals indicated that sediments possessed low ecological risk from the bottom to about 6 cm depth of the cores, moderate ecological risk from about 5 cm depth upwards, then considerable ecological risk from 4 cm depth to the top layer of the sediment cores, which demonstrates a continuous deterioration of environmental quality in recent years in this region.

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Analysis of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Iskenderun Bay, Turkey

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.2478/oandhs-2021-0035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 411-420

Author(s):

Banu Kutlu ◽

Tahir Özcan ◽

Gülnaz Özcan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Risk Index ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Principal Component ◽

The United States ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Iskenderun Bay

Abstract The ecological risk resulting from the accumulation of some heavy metals in the sediments of Iskenderun Bay was assessed using the following measures: enrichment and contamination factor, pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The concentrations of the studied heavy metals were in the following order: Fe > Ni > Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > As > Pb > Cd > Hg. Ni and As had the highest EF values. This situation is most likely due to the presence of iron, pesticide, and fertilizer plants in the region. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Ni, As, Mn, and Cr may have harmful effects on faunal communities in sediments. According to the RI, Site 4 was more contaminated and toxic than the other seven study sites, with “moderate” ecological risk. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was determined by multivariate methods – cluster and principal component analysis. As can be inferred from the RI values, the potential toxic effect of As and Ni in the sediments is moderate.

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