scholarly journals Perinatal and Antibiotic Exposures and the Risk of Developing Childhood-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study Based on a Population-Based Birth Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Canova ◽  
Jonas F Ludvigsson ◽  
Riccardo Di Domenicantonio ◽  
Loris Zanier ◽  
Claudio Barbiellini Amidei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
The Impact

The role of early-life environmental exposures on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) onset remains unclear. We aimed to quantify the impact of perinatal conditions and antibiotic use in the first 6 and 12 months of life, on the risk of childhood-onset IBD, in a birth cohort of the region Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). A nested case-control design on a longitudinal cohort of 213,515 newborns was adopted. Conditional binomial regression models were used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all analyzed risk factors. We identified 164 individuals with IBD onset before the age of 18 years and 1640 controls. None of the considered perinatal conditions were associated with IBD. Analyses on antibiotic exposure were based on 70 cases and 700 controls. Risks were significantly higher for children with ≥4 antibiotic prescriptions in the first 6 and 12 months of life (OR = 6.34; 95%CI 1.68–24.02 and OR = 2.91; 95%CI 1.31–6.45, respectively). This association was present only among patients with Crohn’s disease and those with earlier IBD onset. We found that perinatal characteristics were not associated to IBD, while the frequent use of antibiotics during the first year of life was associated to an increased risk of developing subsequent childhood-onset IBD.

Effectiveness of Conjugate and Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccines for Prevention of Severe Pneumococcal Disease Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L Love ◽  
Christopher J Finney ◽  
Jill K J Gaidos
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen responsible for severe pneumococcal diseases, including pneumonia, bacteremia/sepsis, and meningitis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have an increased risk for infections due to an altered immune system and treatment with immunosuppressive medications. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of severe pneumococcal disease (SPD) and evaluate the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on the risk of SPD in Veterans with IBD. Methods Subjects with IBD and SPD were identified from the VA Health Administration database using ICD9/10 codes. Pneumococcal vaccination and use of immunosuppressant medications were collected. Risk of SPD was evaluated using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model controlling for demographics, medications, vaccination, and comorbidities. Results A total of 1798 cases of SPD were identified (283 pneumonia, 1,513 bacteremia, and 2 meningitis). SPD patients were older (60.9 years vs 59.4 years; p<0.001), had more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index of 2.11 vs. 0.96; p<0.001) and had increased mortality (4.6% vs. 1.5%, p<0.001). The risk of SPD was increased in Crohn’s disease (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.05-1.27) and with more comorbidities (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.42-1.48). Use of immunosuppressive medications increased the risk of SPD. Receipt of PCV13 either alone or in combination with PPSV23 predicted a five-fold decreased risk of SPD compared with no vaccination. Conclusion Vaccination with PCV13 alone or in combination with PPSV23 and revaccination with PPSV23, was protective against SPD. All IBD patients should be evaluated for pneumococcal vaccination, particularly those receiving or expected to receive immunosuppressive therapies.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: a national case-control study in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 986-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long H Nguyen ◽  
Anne K Örtqvist ◽  
Yin Cao ◽  
Tracey G Simon ◽  
Bjorn Roelstraete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Sexual Health in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Danish National Birth Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1082-1089
Author(s):  
Ellen A Nøhr ◽  
Jan Nielsen ◽  
Bente M Nørgård ◽  
Sonia Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Danish National Birth Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background and Aims Previous studies indicate an increased risk of sexual dysfunction in women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] but none have examined sexual function in a large population-based cohort. Methods To investigate the risk of sexual dysfunction in women with IBD, we used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, a nationwide study of 92 274 pregnant women recruited during 1996–2002. We performed a cross-sectional study based on mothers who participated in the Maternal Follow-up in 2013–14. The outcome was self-reported sexual health. Information regarding demographics and IBD characteristics was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register. Using regression models and adjusting for important confounders, we compared sexual function in women with and without IBD. Results The study population consisted of 38 011 women including 196 [0.5%] with Crohn’s disease [CD] and 409 [1.1%] with ulcerative colitis [UC]. Median age was 44 years. Compared to women without IBD, women with UC did not have significantly decreased sexual function, while women with CD had more difficulty achieving orgasm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–2.30], increased dyspareunia [aOR 1.71; 95% CI 1.11–2.63] and deep dyspareunia [aOR 2.00; 95% CI 1.24–3.22]. The risk for difficulty achieving orgasm and deep dyspareunia was further increased within 2 years of an IBD-related contact/visit [aOR 1.81; 95% CI 1.11–2.95; and aOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.34–4.19]. Conclusions Women with CD have significantly increased difficulty achieving orgasm and increased dyspareunia. Physicians should be cognizant of and screen for sexual dysfunction in this group of patients.

scholarly journals P307 Colorectal neoplasia risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and serrated lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S307-S308
Author(s):  
M De Jong ◽  
S Vos ◽  
I Nagtegaal ◽  
Y van Herwaarden ◽  
L Derikx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Advanced Neoplasia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Serrated Lesion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The presence of serrated lesions (SLs) is an established risk factor for colorectal neoplasia development in the general population. However, the impact of SLs on the colorectal neoplasia risk in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is unknown. In addition, SLs might have been misclassified in IBD patients in the past, in part due to revisions of classification systems. Presently, SLs are categorised as hyperplastic lesions, sessile SLs, and traditional serrated adenomas. We aimed (1) to compare the colorectal neoplasia risk in IBD patients with SLs vs. IBD patients without SLs, and 2) to study the subclassification of SLs in IBD patients before and after histopathological review by two expert gastrointestinal pathologists. Methods We identified all IBD patients with colonic SLs from 1996 to 2019 in a tertiary referral centre using the local histopathology database. Patients with neoplasia prior to SL diagnosis were excluded. Clinical data from patients’ charts were retrieved until June 2019. A subgroup of 135 SLs was reviewed by two pathologists. The log-rank analysis was used to compare the cumulative (advanced) neoplasia incidence in IBD patients with SL vs. IBD patients without SL undergoing surveillance in the same time period. Patients were censored at the end of surveillance or at colectomy. Results We identified 376 SLs in 204 IBD patients (61.9% ulcerative colitis (UC)). In the original reports, 91.9% was classified as a hyperplastic lesion. After histopathological review, 120/136 (88%) of the SLs were confirmed (16 were no SL). Of the 120 confirmed SLs, 62.2% was classified as a sessile SL, 37.8% as a hyperplastic lesion, and 0.8% as a traditional serrated adenoma. The mean time from IBD diagnosis to the first serrated lesion was 14.3 ( ± 12.3) years. A total of 41/204 (20.0%) of patients developed neoplasia (3 CRC, 3 HGD, and 35 LGD; including 2 HGD and 17 LGD at the moment of serrated lesion detection). In the 304 patients without SL (52.6% UC), 63 developed neoplasia (20.7%; 8 CRC, 5 HGD and 50 LGD). Patients who received follow-up colonoscopies after SL (n = 127) had an increased cumulative risk of neoplasia (p < 0.01), but no increased risk of advanced neoplasia (p = 0.50) compared with the group of IBD patients without SL (Figure 1). Conclusion The presence of SLs in IBD patients was associated with a relatively high risk of synchronous colorectal neoplasia as well as an increased risk of subsequent neoplasia, although not with an increased risk of advanced neoplasia. Histopathological review confirmed the SL diagnosis in the majority of lesions, although a large proportion of the hyperplastic lesions was reclassified as a sessile SL.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients’ Perspectives during COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a Portuguese Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Joana Branco Revés ◽  
Catarina Frias-Gomes ◽  
Bárbara Morão ◽  
Catarina Nascimento ◽  
Carolina Palmela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Biologic Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not seem to be at increased risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2, but there is a concern whether immunosuppressive therapy may be associated with more severe disease. Several clinical practice recommendations have been published to help guide IBD care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, few studies have addressed patients’ perspectives and fears. We aimed to evaluate Portuguese IBD patients’ perspectives on the clinical management of their disease during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as well as the impact on their professional life. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An anonymous electronic survey was created using REDCap and was distributed by the Portuguese Association of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (APDI) between May and August 2020. Patients’ perspectives on immunosuppressive therapy, disease management, interaction with gastroenterology departments, and the impact of the pandemic in their professional life were assessed. Patients’ proposals to improve medical care were also evaluated. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 137 participants answered the survey (79.6% females, mean age 41.7 ± 12.1 years). Although having IBD and receiving treatment with immunosuppressors (thiopurines, steroids, or biologics) were considered promotors of anxiety, most patients (85.4%) agreed that disease remission was a priority and only a minority of patients interrupted their treatment during the pandemic. In multivariate analysis, active disease, biologic treatment, and use of corticosteroids in the last 3 months were perceived by the patients as high-risk features for increased risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection and more severe disease. Fifty-nine patients (44%) believed that their follow-up was influenced by the pandemic and only 58.8% felt that they had the opportunity to discuss their therapeutic options with their doctor. Sixty-three patients (46.0%) were working from home during the pandemic, although this decision was related to IBD and immunosuppressive therapy in only 36.5 and 39.7% of the cases, respectively. Areas where care could have been improved during the pandemic were identified by patients, namely enhancement of the communication with IBD professionals, conciliation of telemedicine with face-to-face appointments, and facilitation of the interaction between patients and employers. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Most patients agreed that maintaining IBD remission is crucial, and only a minority of the patients stopped their treatment as per their own initiative. IBD status only had a small influence on patients’ professional activity during the COVID-19 outbreak, with most changes being related to the pandemic itself.

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