scholarly journals The Nexus between Workplace Exposure for Wood, Welding, Motor Mechanic, and Oil Refinery Workers and the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Ayoub Meo ◽  
Thamir Al-khlaiwi ◽  
Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf ◽  
Ali Abdullah Alomar ◽  
Omar Mohammed Alessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Workplace Exposure ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Workplace exposure in various occupational and industrial sectors is an emerging health concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the nexus between workplace exposure for wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery workers and the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Initially, 2500 male volunteers who were wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery workers were interviewed. After an examination of their demographics and medical history, 1408 non-smoking wood (158), welding (560), motor mechanic (272), and oil refinery workers (217), along with 201 control subjects, were selected. The participants’ mean age was 36.59 ± 0.29 years and the mean body mass index was 26.14 ± 0.11 kg/m2. The selected industry workers had been exposed to their respective wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery workplaces for 8 h per day, six days per week. The American Diabetic Association (ADA)-based glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) criterion was used to diagnose prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects with an HbA1c of less than 5.7% were regarded as non-diabetics, subjects with an HbA1c of 5.7%–6.4% were considered prediabetics, and subjects with an HbA1c of more than 6.4% were considered diabetics. In wood industry workers, the prevalence of prediabetes (PD) was 64 (40.50%) and in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it was 21 (13.29%); in welding workers, the prevalence of prediabetes was 261 (46.60%), and for T2DM, it was 90 (16.07%); in motor mechanic workers, the prevalence of prediabetes was 110 (40.44%), and for T2DM, it was 126 (46.32%); and in oil refinery workers, the prevalence of prediabetes was 80 (36.86%), and for T2DM, it was 35 (16.12%). However; the combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery workers was 421 (34.79%) and 515 (42.66%), respectively. The prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among workers increased with the duration of working exposure in the wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery industries. A one-year working exposure in these industries caused an increase of 0.03% in HbA1c. Workplace exposure in wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery industries increased the risk of prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among the workers and affected the diabetes etiology.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF COMBINATION OF METFORMIN PLUS MODIFIED-RELEASE GLICLAZIDE WITH COMBINATION OF METFORMIN PLUS SITAGLIPTIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Atta Khan ◽  
Nowsherwan Nowsherwan ◽  
Muhammad Abbass ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Hussain Afridi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Modified Release ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world and is responsible for 3.8 million deaths per year. Its prevalence had shown an exponential rise worldwide in the last two decades, from 30 million cases in 1985 to 177 million in 2000 Objective: To compare the efficacy of the combination of Metformin plus modified-release Gliclazide with a variety of Metformin plus Sitagliptin in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. The study design was a randomized controlled trial conducted for one year from May 2017 to May 2018, in which 62 patients in each group were observed. All patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with baseline HbA1c ≥ 8% and duration >1 year, either gender with age range 35 to 65 years, were included. All patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examinations. All patients were randomly allocated in two groups by lottery method. Patients in Group A were subjected to the combination of Metformin (1gm twice daily) with modified-release Gliclazide (60mg), and patients in Group B were subjected to the variety of Metformin (1 gm twice daily) with Sitagliptin (50 mg twice daily). All patients were followed up after three months, and blood samples for HbA1c levels were obtained. The analysis was done in SPSS version 20. Results: The Study showed that the mean age in Group A was 58 years ± 12.78, and the mean age in Group B was 55 years ± 13.12. In Group A, 44% of patients were male, and 56% of patients were female, while in Group B, 45% of patients were male, and 55% of patients were female. Moreover, Group A (Metformin (1gm twice daily) + Gliclazide (60mg)  was effective in 45% of patients while Group B Metformin (1 gm twice daily) + Sitagliptin (50 mg twice daily) was effective in 71% of patients. Conclusion: Our study concludes that Metformin plus Sitagliptin is more effective than Metformin plus modified-release Gliclazide.

Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Bazyar ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Sirous Saradar ◽  
Delsa Mombaini ◽  
Mohammad Allivand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the inflammatory and metabolic responses to epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are unknown. Objectives Evaluate the impacts of EGCG on metabolic factors and some biomarkers of stress oxidative in patients with T2DM. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with T2DM consumed either 2 tablets (300 mg) EGCG (n=25) or wheat flour as placebo (n=25) for 2 months. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile, mean arterial pressure (MAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results The finding of present study exhibited a significant increase in the serum levels of TAC after the EGCG supplementation (p=0.001). Also, in compare with control group, the mean changes of TAC were significantly higher in supplement group (p=0.01). In intervention group, a significant decrease was observed in the mean levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AIP, and MAP (p<0.05). Taking EGCG resulted in the mean changes of total cholesterol, MAP and DBP were significantly lower in compare with control group (p<0.05). Conclusions This study recommended that EGCG supplementation may be improved blood pressure, lipid profile, AIP, and oxidative status in patients with T2DM.

RISK-1: One-year Retrospective Study to Assess Cardiovascular Risk at the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Slovenia

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 154481
Author(s):  
Iris Marolt ◽  
Jana Komel ◽  
Elena Kuzmina ◽  
Anja Babič ◽  
Renata Kopriva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Adherence to medication among Tunisian adults with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amara ◽  
R Ghammem ◽  
N Zammit ◽  
S BenFredj ◽  
J Maatoug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Medication

Abstract Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern. Despite compelling evidence about the effectiveness of medications, studies have indicated that less than 50% of patients achieved therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to assess the adherence to type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment and its determinants. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2017 in the Endocrinology and internal medicine departments of Farhat Hached University Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia. A convenient sample of patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria was recruited. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to gather information. This was followed by assessing patients' adherence to diabetes medications using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Results A total of 330 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus participated in this study. The mean ±SD age of patients was 58.96±10.3 with female predominance (60.3%). More than half of participants were with high cardiovascular risk. In most cases (70.6 %), participants were moderate adherent. Results showed that patients become non-adherent as the disease gets older (p = 0.001). In addition patients with health insurance were significantly more adherent comparing to those who did not have it (p = 0.01). Regarding self-care practices and other metabolic risk factors' effects, our data revealed that exercising 30 minutes below than 5 times in week and poor self-management of diet were associated with low adherence (p &lt; 10-3). On the other hand, patients who have started insulin therapy were less adherent than those who had not yet (0.01). Patients with diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy were significantly more prone to be non- adherent, with respective percentage of 39.1% and 37.5%. Conclusions This study provides insights into the determinants of non-adherence, ultimately guiding the effective interventions through development of structured long-term policies not yet implemented. Key messages In most cases (70.6 %), participants were moderate adherent. Patients with diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy were significantly more prone to be non- adherent.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Football Players: A Novel Multi Football Clubs Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1763
Author(s):  
Sultan Ayoub Meo ◽  
Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf ◽  
Ali Abdullah Alomar ◽  
Omar Mohammed Alessa ◽  
Omar Yassin Sumaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean

Sports offer great benefits, improving health and reducing the risk of illnesses. This study’s aim was to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in football players compared to population based non-elite athlete control subjects. Initially 1100 male volunteers, (550) football players, and (550) population based non-elite athlete control subjects were interviewed. After socio-demographic and medical history analysis, 756 (378) nonsmoker male football players and (378) nonsmoker male control subjects were recruited. The control subjects were not involved in regular sports activities such as football, volleyball, badminton, cricket, hockey, and swimming. Participants with a known history of anemia, blood diseases, diabetes mellitus, and malignancy were excluded from the study. The mean age of football players was 31.80 ± 5.46 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) was 26.40 ± 2.08 (kg/m2), and the mean age of control subjects was 32.32 ± 4.37 years, and BMI was 26.66 ± 1.87 (kg/m2). The selected football players have been playing football for about 2 h a day, 3 days per week, and so the total mean duration of playing football was 1.08 years. American Diabetes Association (ADA) based criteria on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to investigate prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In football players the prevalence of prediabetes was 30 (7.93%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 6 (1.59%) compared to population based matched non-elite athlete control subjects where the prediabetes was 71 (18.78%) and T2DM was 89 (23.54%) (p = 0.001). Among football players there was a 7-fold decrease in T2DM compared to control subjects. Football recreational activities markedly reduce the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM. The study findings demonstrate the benefits of football and other such sport activities and emphasize the urgent need for promoting football based physical activities as a physiological preventive strategy against the globally growing diabetes epidemic.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling and Biological Pathway(s) Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Pakistani Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5866
Author(s):  
Zarish Noreen ◽  
Christopher A. Loffredo ◽  
Attya Bhatti ◽  
Jyothirmai J. Simhadri ◽  
Gail Nunlee-Bland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Small Pilot Study

The epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important global health concern. Our earlier epidemiological investigation in Pakistan prompted us to conduct a molecular investigation to decipher the differential genetic pathways of this health condition in relation to non-diabetic controls. Our microarray studies of global gene expression were conducted on the Affymetrix platform using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array along with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to associate the affected genes with their canonical pathways. High-throughput qRT-PCR TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) was performed to validate the selected differentially expressed genes of our interest, viz., ARNT, LEPR, MYC, RRAD, CYP2D6, TP53, APOC1, APOC2, CYP1B1, SLC2A13, and SLC33A1 using a small population validation sample (n = 15 cases and their corresponding matched controls). Overall, our small pilot study revealed a discrete gene expression profile in cases compared to controls. The disease pathways included: Insulin Receptor Signaling, Type II Diabetes Mellitus Signaling, Apoptosis Signaling, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling, p53 Signaling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Signaling, Parkinson’s Signaling, Molecular Mechanism of Cancer, and Cell Cycle G1/S Checkpoint Regulation, GABA Receptor Signaling, Neuroinflammation Signaling Pathway, Dopamine Receptor Signaling, Sirtuin Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Phosphorylation, LXR/RXR Activation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction, strongly consistent with the evidence from epidemiological studies. These gene fingerprints could lead to the development of biomarkers for the identification of subgroups at high risk for future disease well ahead of time, before the actual disease becomes visible.

scholarly journals The relation of anatomical distribution of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with HbA1c level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204201882110005
Author(s):  
Nawaf J. Shatnawi ◽  
Nabil A. Al-Zoubi ◽  
Hassan M. Hawamdeh ◽  
Yousef S. Khader ◽  
Mowafeq Heis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Anatomical Distribution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Aims: Increased level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated with an increased prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the anatomical distribution of symptomatic PAD lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c levels at the time of PAD diagnosis. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at King Abdullah University Hospital during the period August 2011 to December 2015. Consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes presented with symptomatic PAD confirmed by computed tomography-angiography (CTA) were included in this study. CTA images were reviewed. Relevant information including demographic data, PAD symptoms, comorbidities, HbA1c level, lipid profile, C-reactive protein and the mean platelets volume were retrieved from medical records. Results: A total of 332 patients with type 2 diabetes (255 males and 77 females) were included in this study. The mean HbA1c at the time of PAD diagnosis was 8.68% (±2.06%). The prevalence of hemodynamic relevant atherosclerotic lesions of the superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, leg vessels, femoro-popliteal, and crural segments was significantly higher in patients with HbA1c >7.5% compared with patients with HbA1c ⩽7.5%. Conclusion: The anatomical distribution of symptomatic PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus differed significantly according to HbA1c level at the time of PAD diagnosis.

scholarly journals A prospective study of complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of lower socioeconomic group with special reference to microvascular complication and metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
K. Satya Anand ◽  
Ruksana . ◽  
Anand Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Symptomatic Neuropathy

Background: All these metabolic derangements exist for many years in the asymptomatic phase of type 2 diabetes and they predispose to development of complications even before clinical diagnosis. Metabolic syndrome is considered to be a precursor of type 2 diabetes. Present study is primarily aimed to study the prevalence of micro vascular complications and metabolic syndrome in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of low socio-economic group.Methods: This is a cross sectional prospective study conducted in the dept. of general medicine Konaseema institute of medical science Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India from November 2016 to October 2018. Based on exclusion and inclusion criteria 103 patients were enrolled for this study. Various parameters like age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy was measured.Results: The mean age of the patient was 48±10.0 years. Fasting and 2 hours OGTT was 174.6±46.8 mg/dl and 255.6±75.6 mg/dl. The mean of total cholesterol was 204.7±41.9 (mg/dl), Triglycerides was 218±83.4 (mg/dl) and HDL was 44±5.3 (mg/dl). Symptomatic neuropathy constituted 35.6% in 51-60 age group and 27.1% in 31-40 and 41-50 age groups. Objective neuropathy constituted highest (36.6%) in 51-60 age group. Retinopathy constituted highest (60%) in 51-60 age group and nephropathy constituted 26.3 % in 21-30 and 51-60 age groups.Conclusions: Prevalence of microvascular complications in newly diagnosed diabetics of low socioeconomic group were as follows: symptomatic neuropathy-57.3%, objective neuropathy-39.8%, retinopathy-4.9%, nephropathy-18.4%. These were similar to published studies from general population from the same geographical area.

scholarly journals Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (teneligliptin) significantly reduces liver fat content and delays progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1817
Author(s):  
Vishal Kumar Gupta ◽  
Richa Giri ◽  
Saurabh Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, anti-diabetic agents, are expected to be effective for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies have shown that some DPP-4 inhibitors alleviate hepatic steatosis or steatohepatitis in type 2 diabetic mice or rats. Teneligliptin is DPP4 inhibitor whose efficacy to control blood sugar is well established but its effect on liver is not studied well. In present study we investigated effect of teneligliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor on patients of type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind study in which 64 patients between ages of 18 to 80 years were selected for study. Participants were identified as type 2 diabetes with biopsy confirmed NASH. We excluded the patients with glucocorticoid use, hepatitis B or C, and other diseases that might affect liver function. Results: The mean HbA1c change after 48 weeks of therapy in group A was-1.06 % and in group B was-0.77% and this was statistically insignificant (p>0.06). The mean AST change after 48 weeks of therapy in group A was-45.4% and in group B was-33.3% and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean ALT change after 48 weeks of therapy in group A was-41.6% and in group B was-22.7% and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). The change in liver fat content (LFC) after 48 weeks of therapy in group A was-15.4% and group B was-7.14% and this was also statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: Result of our study revealed that teneligliptin significantly reduce serum transaminases in patients of NASH with type 2 DM. Teneligliptin significantly reduce LFC and delay progression of NASH independent of diabetes control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. These data show significant antisteatotic and anti-inflammatory effect of teneligliptin in type 2 diabetes patients.

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