scholarly journals Effects of the 5-m Shuttle Run Test on Markers of Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Fatigue in Healthy Male Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Boukhris ◽  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Raouf Abdessalem ◽  
Hsen Hsouna ◽  
Achraf Ammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Muscle Damage Markers

Physical exercise is often associated with increases in muscle damage markers and inflammation. However, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation responses to the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) have not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of the 5mSRT on muscle damage markers, inflammation, and perception of fatigue and recovery in healthy male athletes. Fifteen male amateur team sports players (age: 20 ± 3 yrs, height: 173 ± 7 cm, body-mass: 67 ± 7 kg) participated in this study. Blood biomarkers were collected at rest, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT to measure muscle damage (i.e., creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP)). Best distance (BD), total distance (TD), fatigue index (FI), and percentage decrement (PD) during the 5mSRT were assessed. Perceived recovery (PRS) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded before, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT; perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded before, during, and 72 h after the 5mSRT. Muscle damage biomarkers post 5mSRT showed a significant increase compared to pre 5mSRT (p < 0.001) levels ((i.e., CK (190.6 ± 109.1 IU/L vs. 234.6 ± 113.7 IU/L), LDH (163.6 ± 35.1 IU/L vs. 209.9 ± 50.8 IU/L), ASAT (18.0 ± 4.4 IU/L vs. 21.7 ± 6.2 IU/L), and ALAT (10.2 ± 3.4 IU/L vs. 12.7 ± 3.8 IU/L)) and 72 h post 5mSRT (p < 0.001) levels ((CK (125.3 ± 80.5 IU/L vs. 234.6 ± 113.7 IU/L), LDH (143.9 ± 36.6 IU/L vs. 209.9 ± 50.8 IU/L), ASAT (15.0 ± 4.7 IU/L vs. 21.7 ± 6.2 IU/L), and ALAT (8.6 ± 2.4 IU/L vs. 12.7 ± 3.8 IU/L)). CRP was also significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.1 ± 2.5 mg/L vs. 2.8 ± 3.3 mg/L, p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.4 ± 2.3 mg/L vs. 2.8 ± 3.3 mg/L, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were reported between (i) physical performance parameters (i.e., PD, FI, TD, and BD), and (ii) markers of muscle damage (i.e., CK, LDH, ASAT, and ALAT) and inflammation (i.e., CRP). Similarly, DOMS and RPE scores were significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.4 ± 1.0UA vs. 6.7 ± 1.1UA and 2.1 ± 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 UA, respectively p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.9 ± 0.7 UA vs. 6.7 ± 1.1 UA and 1.5 ± 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 UA, respectively p < 0.001). PRS scores were significantly lower post 5mSRT as compared to pre 5mSRT (6 ± 1 UA vs. 3 ± 1 UA, p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (7 ± 1 UA vs. 3 ± 1 UA, p < 0.001). Significant correlations existed between (i) performance parameters (PD, FI, TD, and BD) and (ii) RPE, PRS, and DOMS. The 5mSRT increased biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, as well as the DOMS and RPE and reduced the PRS. Seventy-two hours was sufficient for fatigue recovery induced by the 5mSRT. PD is better than FI for the calculation of performance decrements during the 5mSRT to represent fatigue.

scholarly journals Aerobic capacity predict skeletal but not cardiac muscle damage after triathlon – the Iron(WO)man study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Danielsson ◽  
Jörg Carlsson ◽  
Lasse ten Siethoff ◽  
Jonas Ahnesjö ◽  
Patrick Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Sport Clubs ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

AbstractThis study examines the association between aerobic capacity and biomarkers of skeletal- and cardiac muscle damage among amateur triathletes after a full distance Ironman. Men and women (N = 55) were recruited from local sport clubs. One month before an Ironman triathlon, they conducted a 20 m shuttle run test to determine aerobic capacity. Blood samples were taken immediately after finishing the triathlon, and analyzed for cardiac Troponin T (cTnT), Myosin heavy chain-a (MHC-a), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Creatin Kinas (CK), and Myoglobin. Regression models examining the association between the biomarkers and aerobic capacity expressed in both relative terms (mLO2*kg−1*min−1) and absolute terms (LO2*min−1) controlled for weight were fitted. A total of 39 subjects (26% females) had complete data and were included in the analysis. No association between aerobic capacity and cardiac muscle damage was observed. For myoglobin, adding aerobic capacity (mLO2*kg−1*min−1) increased the adjusted r2 from 0.026 to 0.210 (F: 8.927, p = 0.005) and for CK the adjusted r2 increased from -0.015 to 0.267 (F: 13.778, p = 0.001). In the models where aerobic capacity was entered in absolute terms the adjusted r2 increased from 0.07 to 0.227 (F: 10.386, p = 0.003) for myoglobin and for CK from -0.029 to 0.281 (F: 15.215, p < 0.001). A negative association between aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle damage was seen but despite the well-known cardio-protective health effect of high aerobic fitness, no such association could be observed in this study.

scholarly journals Understanding the Mismatch Between Coaches’ and Players’ Perceptions of Exertion

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel S. Brink ◽  
Anna W. Kersten ◽  
Wouter G.P. Frencken
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

A mismatch between the training exertion intended by a coach and the exertion perceived by players is well established in sports. However, it is unknown whether coaches can accurately observe exertion of individual players during training. Furthermore, the discrepancy in coaches’ and players’ perceptions has not been explained.Purpose:To determine the relation between intended and observed training exertion by the coach and perceived training exertion by the players and establish whether on-field training characteristics, intermittent endurance capacity, and maturity status explain the mismatch.Methods:During 2 mesocycles of 4 wk (in November and March), rating of intended exertion (RIE), rating of observed exertion (ROE), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored in 31 elite young soccer players. External and internal training loads were objectively quantified with accelerometers (PlayerLoad) and heart-rate monitors (TRIMPmod). Results of an interval shuttle-run test (ISRT) and age at peak height velocity (APHV) were determined for all players.Results:RIE, ROE, and RPE were monitored in 977 training sessions. The correlations between RIE and RPE (r = .58; P < .01) and between ROE and RPE (r = .64; P < .01) were moderate. The mean difference between RIE and RPE was –0.31 ± 1.99 and between ROE and RPE was –0.37 ± 1.87. Multilevel analyses showed that PlayerLoad and ISRT predicted RIE and ROE.Conclusion:Coaches base their intended and observed exertion on what they expect players will do and what they actually did on the field. When doing this, they consider the intermittent endurance capacity of individual players.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF 10M SHUTTLE-RUN TEST USING RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION (RPE) FOR ATHLETES IN A FIELD

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S253
Author(s):  
J. UCHIMARU ◽  
Y. MORIOKA ◽  
T. HARA ◽  
S. ITO ◽  
T. AMEMIYA
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

scholarly journals Heart rate agreement between the 20-meter shuttle run test and virtual system in healthy children: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
cristiane moran ◽  
SIMONE DAL CORSO ◽  
MARIA TERESA BOMBIG ◽  
ANDREY JORGE SERRA ◽  
SILVANA ALVES PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virtual System ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract Background: Earlier studies evaluated the physiological responses to video games in children with different clinical conditions; however, no study has compared active video games with an incremental field test in healthy children. The purpose of this study was to verify the agreement between the 20-meter shuttle run test (20m-SRT) and virtual system (VS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 235 children (9.0 ± 0.8 years, 109 boys). The two tests were performed one week apart and the children were instructed not to engage in any physical exercise or sports in the 24 hours preceding each test. Their resting heart rate was monitored for one minute and then throughout the tests. To evaluate the influence of motivation on the 20 m SRT and (VS), at the end of the tests the children were asked to rate their motivation on a scale of zero to 10, zero being “not cool” and 10 “awesome”. Perceived exertion at the end of the tests was assessed using the modified Borg scale. Results: Maximum heart rate (HRmax) did not differ between the 20m-SRT and VS (194.4 ± 10.2 bpm vs. 193.2 ± 13.8 bpm, respectively). Both tests were similar for intensity > and < 96% HRmax. The children showed greater exertion on the Borg scale and motivation during the VS. The multiple logistic regression model showed that motivation (p=0.98), sex (p=0.53), age (p=0.61), nutritional status (p=0.65), and speed (p=0.18) were not predictive factors of the child’s reaching HRmax. Conclusion: VS can be used as a tool to evaluate the intensity of maximal exercise tests, given that the percentage of children who achieved HRmax did not differ between the VS and 20m SRT. The perceived exertion scales were correlated, but only the modified Borg scale correlated with HRmax in the 20m SRT. The tests are motivational, and most children obtained the maximum VS score. Keywords: cardiology; child; exercise; physical fitness; virtual reality; Incremental stress test

scholarly journals Heart rate agreement between the 20-meter shuttle run test and virtual system in healthy children: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane A. Moran ◽  
Simone Dal Corso ◽  
Maria Teresa Bombig ◽  
Andrey Jorge Serra ◽  
Silvana Alves Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Borg Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virtual System ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract Background Earlier studies evaluated the physiological responses to video games in children with different clinical conditions; however, no study has compared active video games with an incremental field test in healthy children. The purpose of this study was to verify the agreement between the 20-m shuttle run test (20 m-SRT) and virtual system (VS). Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 235 children (9.0 ± 0.8 years, 109 boys). The two tests were performed one week apart and the children were instructed not to engage in any physical exercise or sports in the 24 h preceding each test. Their resting heart rate was monitored for one minute and then throughout the tests. To evaluate the influence of motivation on the 20 m SRT and (VS), at the end of the tests the children were asked to rate their motivation on a scale of zero to 10, zero being “not cool” and 10 “awesome”. Perceived exertion at the end of the tests was assessed using the modified Borg scale. Results Maximum heart rate (HRmax) did not differ between the 20 m-SRT and VS (194.4 ± 10.2 bpm vs. 193.2 ± 13.8 bpm, respectively). Both tests were similar for intensity > and < 96% HRmax. The children showed greater exertion on the Borg scale and motivation during the VS. The multiple logistic regression model showed that motivation (p = 0.98), sex (p = 0.53), age (p = 0.61), nutritional status (p = 0.65), and speed (p = 0.18) were not predictive factors of the child’s reaching HRmax. Conclusion VS can be used as a tool to evaluate the intensity of maximal exercise tests, given that the percentage of children who achieved HRmax did not differ between the VS and 20 m SRT. The perceived exertion scales were correlated, but only the modified Borg scale correlated with HRmax in the 20 m SRT. The tests are motivational, and most children obtained the maximum VS score.

scholarly journals Monitoring muscle damage markers during a four-week downhill walking exercise program

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima ◽  
Thiago Pires de Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Bruno Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção ◽  
Camila Coelho Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Third ◽  
Walking Exercise ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Muscle Damage Markers ◽  
Training Protocol

Eccentric-based exercise is known to induce muscle damage (MD). The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of downhill walking (DW) sessions on MD and aerobic markers in young adults. Eight male subjects were submitted to a 4-week DW periodized exercise program. Subjects' soreness (SOR) was assessed each training day. Serum creatine quinase activity (CK) was collected before the first training session, and at the end of each of the four weeks. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and perceived exertion (PE) were assessed during the last training session every week. Increases in SOR were found only at the third and fourth training days. Increased CK concentration was found at the third training week. No significant increases in VO2 and PE were found throughout the program. We concluded that DW sessions elicit significant MD, but not enough to impair it in further sessions. Therefore, DW can be used as a training protocol following proper periodization.

scholarly journals Aerobic capacity predicts skeletal but not cardiac muscle damage after a full distance Ironman triathlon - the Iron(wo)man-study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Danielsson ◽  
Jörg Carlsson ◽  
Lasse Ten Siethoff ◽  
Jonas Ahnesjö ◽  
Patrick Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Sport Clubs ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

AbstractPurposeThis study examines the association between aerobic capacity and biomarkers of skeletal- and cardiac muscle damage among amateur triathletes after a full distance Ironman.MethodsMen and women (N=55) were recruited from local sport clubs. One month before an Iron-man triathlon, they conducted a 20m shuttle run test to determine aerobic capacity. Blood samples were taken immediately after finishing the triathlon, and analyzed for biomarkers of cardiac- and skeletal muscle damage. Regression models examining the association between aerobic capacity expressed in both relative terms (mLO2*kg-1*min-1) and absolute terms (LO2*min-1) controlled for weight and were fitted.ResultA total of 39 subjects (26% females) had complete data and were included in the analysis. No association between aerobic capacity and cardiac muscle damage but a significant negative association between aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle damage was observed. This association was independent of how aerobic capacity was expressed, although the model with aerobic capacity expressed in absolute terms and controlled for weight resulted in slightly higher r2 values, than when aerobic capacity was expressed in relative terms.ConclusionA negative association between aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle damage was seen but despite the well-known cardio-protective health effect of high aerobic fitness no such association could be observed in this study.

scholarly journals Comparison of maximal aerobic speeds of team-sport athletes and investigation of optimal training loads*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Çetindemir
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract Objective: To investigate maximal aerobic speed (MAS), participants of team sports in terms of certain variables and to determine relationship team sports.Design: Screening research.Setting: Elite soccer, basketball and handball players.Participants: 44 athletes.Main Outcome Measures: 20-meter shuttle run test (20MSRT) was used.Results: There was a positive relationship between age, VO2max and speed scores (p < 0.05). Besides, significant difference between VO2max, distance and speed also VO2max, distance and speed were found to be significantly different according to types of sports (p < 0.05). When distance and speed scores of athletes were examined, it was determined that mean scores of football players were higher compared to basketball and handball. Heart rate and MAS scores of participants were not significantly different according to type of sport played.Conclusions: This study will contribute to strength and strength coaches, trainers and physiotherapists in terms of training programs that they will apply to athletes of various sports.

scholarly journals Nap Opportunity During the Daytime Affects Performance and Perceived Exertion in 5-m Shuttle Run Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Boukhris ◽  
Raouf Abdessalem ◽  
Achraf Ammar ◽  
Hsen Hsouna ◽  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

scholarly journals Effects of 25-Min Nap Opportunity during Ramadan Observance on the 5-m Shuttle Run Performance and the Perception of Fatigue in Physically Active Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsen Hsouna ◽  
Omar Boukhris ◽  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Raouf Abdessalem ◽  
Achraf Ammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Feeling Scale ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

We aimed to investigate the effects of a 25-min nap opportunity on physical performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT), feelings (i.e., evaluated by the feeling scale), attention (i.e., evaluated by the digit cancellation test) and the perception of fatigue (i.e., recorded by the rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) during Ramadan observance. Twelve physically active men (age: 21.1 ± 3.2 yrs, height: 1.76 ± 0.05 m, body-mass: 71.2 ± 9.3 kg) voluntarily participated in five test sessions: 15 days before Ramadan (BR), the first 10 days of Ramadan (FR), the last 10 days of Ramadan (ER), 10 days after Ramadan (10AR) and 20 days after Ramadan (20AR). During each test session, participants performed the digit cancellation test, a 5-min standard warm-up, the 5mSRT (6 × 30-s with 35-s intervals-between) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after no-nap (N0) and 25-min nap opportunity (N25) conditions. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) during each period. The total distance covered during the 5mSRT did not differ significantly before, during or after Ramadan, but was significantly greater after N25 compared to N0 at 10AR (687.5 ± 23.0 m vs. 725.6 ± 41.1 m; p = 0.018) and 20AR (698.3 ± 19.8 m vs. 742.6 ± 58.3 m; p = 0.003). The attention scores were higher after N25 in comparison with N0 at 10AR (p = 0.04) and 20AR (p = 0.02). RPE scores were not significantly different between N25 and N0 conditions. Feelings scores were higher after N25 compared to N0 during both FR (p = 0.007) and 20AR (p = 0.04). A significant deterioration of sleep quality was recorded during Ramadan (i.e., PSQI scores were significantly higher during and after compared to BR (p < 0.0005)). A 25-min nap opportunity was beneficial for physical and cognitive performance after Ramadan observance; however, any effect is insufficient to show significant beneficial impacts during Ramadan.

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