scholarly journals Placing Greater Torque at Shorter or Longer Muscle Lengths? Effects of Cable vs. Barbell Preacher Curl Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5859
Author(s):  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Jeferson L. Jacinto ◽  
Alex S. Ribeiro ◽  
Jerry L. Mayhew ◽  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Pulley System ◽  
Isokinetic Torque

Muscular strength and hypertrophy following resistance training may be obtained in different degrees depending on the approach performed. This study was designed to compare the responses of the biceps brachii to two preacher curl exercises, one performed on a cable-pulley system (CAB; in which a greater torque was applied during the exercise when elbows were flexed and biceps shortened) and one performed with a barbell (BAR; in which greater torque was applied when the elbows were extended and biceps stretched). Thirty-five young adults (CAB: 13 men, 5 women; BAR: 12 men, 5 women; age = 24 ± 5 years) performed a resistance training program three times per week for 10 weeks, with preacher curl exercises performed in three sets of 8–12 repetitions. Outcomes measured included elbow flexion peak isokinetic torque at angles of 20°, 60°, and 100° (considering 0° as elbow extended), and biceps brachii thickness (B-mode ultrasound). Following the training period, there were significant increases for both groups in elbow flexion peak torque at the 20° (CAB: 30%; BAR = 39%; p = 0.046), 60° (CAB: 27%; BAR = 32%; p = 0.874), and 100° (CAB: 17%; BAR = 19%; p = 0.728), and biceps brachii thickness (CAB: 7%; BAR = 8%; p = 0.346). In conclusion, gains in muscular strength were greater for BAR only at longer muscle length, whereas hypertrophy was similar regardless of whether torque emphasis was carried out in the final (CAB) or initial (BAR) degrees of the range of motion of the preacher curl in young adults.

Water-based resistance training program with isolated concentric action improves physical functional capacity and muscular strength in older women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Victoria Costa Freitas ◽  
Inês Amanda Streit ◽  
Josefina Bertoli ◽  
Kayth Andrade Nascimento ◽  
Maria Carolina Oliveira de Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Water Based

scholarly journals Muscle length and joint angle influence spinal but not corticospinal excitability to the biceps brachii across forearm postures

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis A. Forman ◽  
Daniel Abdel-Malek ◽  
Christopher M. F. Bunce ◽  
Michael W. R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Spinal Excitability

Forearm rotation (supination/pronation) alters corticospinal excitability to the biceps brachii, but it is unclear whether corticospinal excitability is influenced by joint angle, muscle length, or both. Thus the purpose of this study was to separately examine elbow joint angle and muscle length on corticospinal excitability. Corticospinal excitability to the biceps and triceps brachii was measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited via transcranial magnetic stimulation. Spinal excitability was measured using cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs) elicited via transmastoid electrical stimulation. Elbow angles were manipulated with a fixed biceps brachii muscle length (and vice versa) across five unique postures: 1) forearm neutral, elbow flexion 90°; 2) forearm supinated, elbow flexion 90°; 3) forearm pronated, elbow flexion 90°; 4) forearm supinated, elbow flexion 78°; and 5) forearm pronated, elbow flexion 113°. A musculoskeletal model determined biceps brachii muscle length for postures 1–3, and elbow joint angles ( postures 4–5) were selected to maintain biceps length across forearm orientations. MEPs and CMEPs were elicited at rest and during an isometric contraction of 10% of maximal biceps muscle activity. At rest, MEP amplitudes to the biceps were largest during supination, which was independent of elbow joint angle. CMEP amplitudes were not different when the elbow was fixed at 90° but were largest in pronation when muscle length was controlled. During an isometric contraction, there were no significant differences across forearm postures for either MEP or CMEP amplitudes. These results highlight that elbow joint angle and biceps brachii muscle length can each independently influence spinal excitability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Changes in upper limb posture can influence the responsiveness of the central nervous system to artificial stimulations. We established a novel approach integrating neurophysiology techniques with biomechanical modeling. Through this approach, the effects of elbow joint angle and biceps brachii muscle length on corticospinal and spinal excitability were assessed. We demonstrate that spinal excitability is uniquely influenced by joint angle and muscle length, and this highlights the importance of accounting for muscle length in neurophysiological studies.

Mechanical Evaluation of the Pronator Teres Rerouting Tendon Transfer

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. J. VEEGER ◽  
M. KREULEN ◽  
M. J. C. SMEULDERS
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Pronator Quadratus ◽  
Pronator Teres

We simulated pronator teres rerouting using a three-dimensional biomechanical model of the arm. Simulations comprised the evaluation of changes in muscle length and the moment arm of pronator teres with changes in forearm axial rotation and elbow flexion. The rerouting of Pronator Teres was simulated by defining a path for it through the interosseous membrane with re-attachment to its original insertion. However the effect of moving the insertion to new positions, 2 cm below and above, the original position was also assessed. The effect on total internal rotation and external rotation capacity was determined by calculating the potential moments for pronator teres, supinator, pronator quadratus, biceps brachii and brachioradialis. Pronator teres was found to be a weak internal rotator in extreme pronation, but a strong internal rotator in neutral rotation and in supination. After rerouting pronator teres was only a strong external rotator in full pronation and not at other forearm positions, where the effect of rerouting was comparable to a release procedure.

Muscular Endurance and Physical Capacity to Perform Work of Adolescents with Mental Retardation

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine B. Stopka ◽  
Kimberly L. Zambito ◽  
David G. Suro ◽  
Kevin S. Pearson ◽  
Ronald A. Siders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Rf Test ◽  
Leg Extension

The purpose of this study was to evaluate gains in muscular endurance and physical capacity to perform work in 22 adolescents and young adults (ages 13-22 years) with MR. The participants were tested before and after two consecutive 3-week sessions of supervised resistance training. Specific muscle strength was evaluated using a three repetition maximum (3RM) test, and muscular endurance was assessed using a repetition to failure (RF) test at 60% of the 3RM. The chest press, leg extension, and torso arm exercises were tested. Participants trained twice per week during the training intervals. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Significant increases (p ≤.05) in 3RM, RF, and total work performed during the RF test were found for the leg extension and torso arm exercises. Significant increases (p ≤.05) in RF performance and total work performed during the RF test were found in the chest press. These results demonstrate that adolescents and young adults with MR can experience significant gains in muscular strength and endurance through a supervised resistance training program.

The effects of adding single-joint exercises to a multi-joint exercise resistance training program on upper body muscle strength and size in trained men

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Silvestre de França ◽  
Paulo Alexandre Nordeste Branco ◽  
Dilmar Pinto Guedes Junior ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
James Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Body Muscle ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elbow Flexors And Extensors

The aim of this study was compare changes in upper body muscle strength and size in trained men performing resistance training (RT) programs involving multi-joint plus single-joint (MJ+SJ) or only multi-joint (MJ) exercises. Twenty young men with at least 2 years of experience in RT were randomized in 2 groups: MJ+SJ (n = 10; age, 27.7 ± 6.6 years) and MJ (n = 10; age, 29.4 ± 4.6 years). Both groups trained for 8 weeks following a linear periodization model. Measures of elbow flexors and extensors 1-repetition maximum (1RM), flexed arm circumference (FAC), and arm muscle circumference (AMC) were taken pre- and post-training period. Both groups significantly increased 1RM for elbow flexion (4.99% and 6.42% for MJ and MJ+SJ, respectively), extension (10.60% vs 9.79%, for MJ and MJ+SJ, respectively), FAC (1.72% vs 1.45%, for MJ and MJ+SJ, respectively), and AMC (1.33% vs 3.17% for MJ and MJ+SJ, respectively). Comparison between groups revealed no significant difference in any variable. In conclusion, 8 weeks of RT involving MJ or MJ+SJ resulted in similar alterations in muscle strength and size in trained participants. Therefore, the addition of SJ exercises to a RT program involving MJ exercises does not seem to promote additional benefits to trained men, suggesting MJ-only RT to be a time-efficient approach.

Effects of a Resistance Training Program in Multiple Sclerosis Spanish Patients: A Pilot Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ayán Pérez ◽  
V. Martín Sánchez ◽  
F. De Souza Teixeira ◽  
J.A. De Paz Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

Context:Physical exercise is regarded as a useful tool in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Generally, physical rehabilitation have been based on the prescription of aerobic exercises, while fewer programs have been aimed at developing muscular strength.Objective:To establish whether the physical fitness of MS sufferers can be improved by a training program for developing muscular strength.Design:Before and after studySetting:University multipurpose roomParticipants:36 patients, all able to walk, belonging to the Leon Multiple Sclerosis Association.Interventions:The physical exercise programme consisted in resistance training sessions, based mainly on callisthenic, or bodyweight, exercises, during six weeks.

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