Muscular Endurance and Physical Capacity to Perform Work of Adolescents with Mental Retardation

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine B. Stopka ◽  
Kimberly L. Zambito ◽  
David G. Suro ◽  
Kevin S. Pearson ◽  
Ronald A. Siders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Rf Test ◽  
Leg Extension

The purpose of this study was to evaluate gains in muscular endurance and physical capacity to perform work in 22 adolescents and young adults (ages 13-22 years) with MR. The participants were tested before and after two consecutive 3-week sessions of supervised resistance training. Specific muscle strength was evaluated using a three repetition maximum (3RM) test, and muscular endurance was assessed using a repetition to failure (RF) test at 60% of the 3RM. The chest press, leg extension, and torso arm exercises were tested. Participants trained twice per week during the training intervals. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Significant increases (p ≤.05) in 3RM, RF, and total work performed during the RF test were found for the leg extension and torso arm exercises. Significant increases (p ≤.05) in RF performance and total work performed during the RF test were found in the chest press. These results demonstrate that adolescents and young adults with MR can experience significant gains in muscular strength and endurance through a supervised resistance training program.

Effects of a Supervised Resistance Training Program on Adolescents and Young Adults With Mental Retardation

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Christine Stopka ◽  
Lisa Limper ◽  
Ronald Siders ◽  
James Graves ◽  
Ann Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training Program

scholarly journals Chronic Effects of Different Resistance Training Exercise Orders on Flexibility in Elite Judo Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alam R. Saraiva ◽  
Victor M. Reis ◽  
Pablo B. Costa ◽  
Claudio M. Bentes ◽  
Gabriel V. Costa e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effects of twelve weeks of resistance training with different exercise orders (upper limbs and lower limbs vs. lower limbs and upper limbs) on flexibility levels in elite judo athletes. Thirtynine male athletes were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: G1 (n = 13), G2 (n = 13), and CG (n = 13). The flexibility was assessed on 8 joint movements: shoulder flexion and shoulder extension, shoulder abduction and shoulder adduction, trunk flexion and trunk extension, and hip flexion and hip extension. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (time [pre-experimental vs. post-experimental] × group [G1 vs. G2 vs. CG]) were used to compare the differences between pre- and post-test situations and the differences among groups. The results from the within-group (pre vs. post) comparisons demonstrated significant increases (p < 0.05) in the range of motion of 3.93 and 5.96% for G1 and G2 training groups, respectively, in all joints. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed for the CG. The results from the between-group comparisons demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the range of motion between G1post vs. G2post (1.15%). Although both exercise orders (from upper to lower limbs and from lower to upper limbs) increased flexibility, no significant variations were observed between the different exercise orders. Nevertheless, these findings demonstrate that flexibility gains could be obtained with a resistance training program, and thus, more time can be devoted to sports-specific judo training.

scholarly journals Placing Greater Torque at Shorter or Longer Muscle Lengths? Effects of Cable vs. Barbell Preacher Curl Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5859
Author(s):  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Jeferson L. Jacinto ◽  
Alex S. Ribeiro ◽  
Jerry L. Mayhew ◽  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Pulley System ◽  
Isokinetic Torque

Muscular strength and hypertrophy following resistance training may be obtained in different degrees depending on the approach performed. This study was designed to compare the responses of the biceps brachii to two preacher curl exercises, one performed on a cable-pulley system (CAB; in which a greater torque was applied during the exercise when elbows were flexed and biceps shortened) and one performed with a barbell (BAR; in which greater torque was applied when the elbows were extended and biceps stretched). Thirty-five young adults (CAB: 13 men, 5 women; BAR: 12 men, 5 women; age = 24 ± 5 years) performed a resistance training program three times per week for 10 weeks, with preacher curl exercises performed in three sets of 8–12 repetitions. Outcomes measured included elbow flexion peak isokinetic torque at angles of 20°, 60°, and 100° (considering 0° as elbow extended), and biceps brachii thickness (B-mode ultrasound). Following the training period, there were significant increases for both groups in elbow flexion peak torque at the 20° (CAB: 30%; BAR = 39%; p = 0.046), 60° (CAB: 27%; BAR = 32%; p = 0.874), and 100° (CAB: 17%; BAR = 19%; p = 0.728), and biceps brachii thickness (CAB: 7%; BAR = 8%; p = 0.346). In conclusion, gains in muscular strength were greater for BAR only at longer muscle length, whereas hypertrophy was similar regardless of whether torque emphasis was carried out in the final (CAB) or initial (BAR) degrees of the range of motion of the preacher curl in young adults.

The Effects of a Supervised Resistance-Training Program on Special Olympics Athletes

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Machek ◽  
Christine B. Stopka ◽  
Mark D. Tillman ◽  
Suzanne M. Sneed ◽  
Keith E. Naugle
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

Objective:To examine the effects of a resistance-training program on athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID).Design/Participants:2-way (2 × 2), repeated-measures analysis of variance on 2 groups (males and females); 30 Special Olympics (SO) athletes, age 16–22 (16 males, 14 females).Intervention/Outcome Measures:Resistance training, twice per week, for 3 months on Med-X weight equipment. Exercises tested: chest press, abdominal crunch, seated row, overhead press, seated dip, lower back extension, and biceps curl. The weight lifted and the number of repetitions performed were used to determine predicted 1-repetition max (1RM).Results:All participants as a group increased significantly in predicted 1RM for each exercise performed. Males were stronger than females for 5 of the 7 exercises. A significant interaction effect between genders was demonstrated for the seated dip.Conclusion:Significant strength gains can be accomplished by adolescents with ID via a supervised resistance-training program.

scholarly journals Effects of 7-week Resistance Training on Handcycle Performance in Able-bodied Males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulric Sena Abonie ◽  
Tryntje Albada ◽  
Floor Morrien ◽  
Lucas van der Woude ◽  
Florentina Hettinga
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Body Resistance

AbstractThe effect of an upper body resistance training program on maximal and submaximal handcycling performance in able-bodied males was explored. Eighteen able-bodied men were randomly assigned to a training group (TG: n=10) and a control group (CG: n=8). TG received 7 weeks of upper body resistance training (60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 3×10 repetitions, 6 exercise stations, 2 times per week). CG received no training. Peak values for oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), power output (POpeak), heart rate (HRpeak), minute ventilation (V˙OEpeak) and respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak), submaximal values (HR, V˙O2, RER, PO, and gross mechanical efficiency (GE)), and time to exhaustion (TTE) were determined in an incremental test pre- and post-training. Maximal isokinetic arm strength and 1RM tests were conducted. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were performed to examine the effect of time, group and its interaction (p<0.05). TG improved on POpeak (8.55%), TTE (10.73%), and 1RM (12.28–38.98%). RPE at the same stage during pre- and post-test was lower during the post-test (8.17%). Despite no improvements in V˙O2peak, training improved POpeak, muscular strength, and TTE. Upper body resistance training has the potential to improve handcycling performance.

Efficacy of an 8-Week Resistance Training Program in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Breanne S. Baker ◽  
Kelsey J. Weitzel ◽  
Lisa A. Royse ◽  
Kristin Miller ◽  
Trent M. Guess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects

Older adults are challenged with aging-related declines in skeletal muscle mass and function. Although exercise interventions of longer duration typically yield larger changes, shorter-term interventions may kick-start positive effects, allowing participants to begin engaging in more activity. This study aimed to determine whether 8 weeks of a resistance training program (Stay Strong, Stay Healthy [SSSH]) improved dynamic muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and sleep. Inactive adults aged ≥60 years were randomized into SSSH (n = 15), walking (WALK; n = 17), or control (CON; n = 14) groups. The SSSH and WALK groups met 2 times per week for 60 min. The participants completed pre/post general health, activity, and sleep questionnaires; DXA scans; and functional tasks. One-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine interactions and decomposed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. SSSH improved sit-to-stand performance, back scratch distance, and sleep quality and reported more auxiliary physical activity than WALK or CON (p < .05). Resistance training interventions in sedentary older adults can improve physical function and encourage additional activity in 8 weeks.

Effects of a Resistance Training Program on Adults with Mental Retardation

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Rimmer ◽  
Luke E. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Assistance Service

Very low levels of strength and muscular endurance have been reported in adults with mental retardation. A progressive resistance training program was developed for a group of adults with mental retardation (ages 23-49 yrs) using state-of-the-art equipment (Nautilus Isokinetic Systems). A MANCOVA analysis was employed to determine the differences between control and experimental groups. The analysis revealed a significant overall group effect. Subsequent univariate ANCOVA analyses were performed to isolate the significant dependent measures. Results indicated that a 2-day-a-week resistance training program was effective in improving the strength levels of this population. It was also revealed that the resistance training program was favorably received by the participants and could be performed with minimal assistance. Service providers for the mentally retarded should consider community based weight training facilities as a viable avenue for improving the strength levels of this population.

A CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN PLASMA MYOSTATIN AND PEAK TORQUE STRENGTH GAINS OF BILATERAL KNEE EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS AFTER RESISTANCE TRAINING IN HEALTHY ASIAN INDIANS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspal S. Sandhu ◽  
Shiva Shankar Trivedi ◽  
Shweta Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Bilateral Knee

Objective: To accurately quantify percentage changes in strength gains and correlate it with percentage changes in plasma myostatin levels. Study design: Same Subject Experimental Study. Setup: Faculty of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. Method of study: We used a longitudinal experimental design in which our subjects were assessed before and after the resistance training programs designed to induce muscle hypertrophy. A total of 18 subjects were selected, including both males (N = 15) and females (N = 3), to begin the study. Subjects were given circuit resistance training program for a period of six weeks. Subject's maximal isometric voluntary contraction for both the limbs knee extensors and flexors were measured using HUR 5340 Leg Extension/curl computer controlled machine prior to the training and after the training. The plasma myostatin levels were determined by ELISA analysis. Results: We have found a strong negative correlation of -0.73 (p < 0.01) and -0.75 (p < 0.05) between percentage change in plasma myostatin and percentage peak torque gains in bilateral knee extensors and flexors, respectively. Conclusion: Myostatin is negatively correlated to the strength gains in the bilateral knee extensors and flexors with resistance training.

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