scholarly journals Walking for Transport among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of the Built Environment in Less Densely Populated Areas in Northern Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9479
Author(s):  
Tanja Brüchert ◽  
Pia Hasselder ◽  
Paula Quentin ◽  
Gabriele Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
The Impact

In the last decades, there has been rising interest in public health research in the importance of the built environment for a healthy and active life in old age, but little attention has been paid to less densely populated areas. This study aimed to explore the impact of the built environment on walking for transport in the context of an older population living in communities of <100,000 inhabitants. Within the project AFOOT–Securing urban mobility of an aging population, a cross-sectional postal survey was carried out from May to September 2019 in older adults (≥65 years) in the Metropolitan Region Northwest, Germany. Self-reported data from 2189 study participants were analyzed. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the associations between the built environment and walking for transport. Any walking and frequent walking were positively associated with nearly all built environment attributes, even after adjustment for demographic and health covariates. The amount of walking in minutes per week was associated only with residential density. Moderating effects of gender, age, and use of walking aids were identified. Improving the built environment appears to be a promising opportunity to motivate and enable older adults to walk for transport.

scholarly journals Impact of Multimorbidity on Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Older Adults: Is There a Sex Difference?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Lin ◽  
Shujuan Xiao ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Xiao Zheng ◽  
Yaqing Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Multimorbidity has become a key issue in the health care sector globally, and it can also lead to psychological distress in older adults. This study aimed to assess the impact of multimorbidity on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and identify whether there is a sex difference in these associations.Methods: A cross-sectional study using a multistage random sampling method was conducted among 3,266 older adults in China. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the independent associations between multimorbidity and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Furthermore, interaction analysis was employed to investigate the interaction effect of multimorbidity and sex on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.Results: A total of 3,250 participants aged 60 years and older were included in this study. Our findings suggest that multimorbidity is strongly positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. In addition, the positive relations between multimorbidity and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms are stronger for older female than male adults.Conclusion: Old adults with multimorbidity are more likely have depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This study offers new insight for the mental health from the perspective of multimorbidity among older people, implies that encouraging the accessibility of treatment for multimorbidity in older people with different sex may be effective in promoting mental health in China.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of a Hilly Environment on Depressive Symptoms among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4520
Author(s):  
Takafumi Abe ◽  
Kenta Okuyama ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hamano ◽  
Miwako Takeda ◽  
Masayuki Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Although some neighborhood environmental factors have been found to affect depressive symptoms, few studies have focused on the impact of living in a hilly environment, i.e., land slope, on depressive symptoms among rural older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether a land slope is associated with depressive symptoms among older adults living in rural areas. Data were collected from 935 participants, aged 65 years and older, who lived in Shimane prefecture, Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and defined on the basis of an SDS score ≥ 40. Land slopes within a 400 m network buffer were assessed using geographic information systems. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression. A total of 215 (23.0%) participants reported depressive symptoms. The land slope was positively associated with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.08) after adjusting for all confounders. In a rural setting, living in a hillier environment was associated with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Japan.

Associations of Vigorous Gardening With Cardiometabolic Risk Markers for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kingsley ◽  
Nyssa Hadgraft ◽  
Neville Owen ◽  
Takemi Sugiyama ◽  
David W. Dunstan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

This study investigates the associations of vigorous-intensity gardening time with cardiometabolic health risk markers. This cross-sectional study (AusDiab) analyzed 2011–2012 data of 3,664 adults (55% women, mean [range], age = 59.3 [34–94] years) in Australia. Multiple linear regression models examined associations of time spent participating in vigorous gardening (0, <150 min/week, ≥150 min/week) with a clustered cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score and its components, for the whole sample and stratified by age and gender. Of participants, 61% did no vigorous gardening, 23% reported <150 min/week, and 16% reported ≥150 min/week. In the whole sample, spending ≥150 min/week in vigorous gardening was associated with lower CMR (lower CMR score, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides) compared with no vigorous gardening. Stratified analyses suggested that these associations were almost exclusively observed for older adults and women. These findings suggest the public health potential of vigorous-intensity gardening in reducing CMR.

scholarly journals Understanding Driving as an Everyday Activity: International Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 730-730
Author(s):  
Anne Dickerson ◽  
Isabelle Gelinas ◽  
Moon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This international symposium brings together leading occupational therapy researchers from around the world with a shared focus is on evaluating and improving the driving performance of older adults to decrease their crash risk and facilitate their community participation. In this session, five groups of international scholars will share their collective and individual research outcomes for driving as a means of community mobility. The first presentation will outline their collective international, cross-sectional study of 247 older adults from seven countries where the impact of driving on out-of-home mobility was compared. Each presentation that follows will then present results from innovative studies of ways in which to assess and address fitness to drive in older adulthood. Our discussant will summarize the potential expansion of the current work and engage the audience through interactive questions. Transportation and Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

scholarly journals Sex differences in impact of sarcopenia on falls in community-dwelling Korean older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsoo Soh ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Falls are one of the most serious health problems among older adults. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Due to potentially age-related conditions, both falls and sarcopenia have common risk factors. However, the association between sarcopenia and falls is controversial. Moreover, the sex differences in the impact of sarcopenia on falls is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in the impact of sarcopenia, defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), on falls in Korean older adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study; 2323 community-dwelling older adults (1111 males and 1212 females) aged 70–84 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate sarcopenia, the AWGS diagnostic algorithm was used. We compared the faller and non-faller groups. We performed unadjusted and fully adjusted logistic regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia, falls, and fall-related fractures. Results A total of 239 (24.1%) females in the faller group had a history of falls in the past year, which was statistically higher than that in males (176, 15.8%). In the fully adjusted model, handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] = 1.508, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.028–2.211), and short physical performance battery (OR = 2.068, 95% CI = 1.308–3.271) were significantly lower in the male faller group. However, in the fully adjusted model, the female faller group only showed a significantly low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (OR = 1.419, 95% CI = 1.058–1.903). Conclusions This large cohort study aimed to identify the sex differences in the incidence of sarcopenia in the older Korean population, using the AWGS diagnostic algorithm, and its correlation with falls and fall-related fractures. The incidence of falls did not increase in the sarcopenia group. Among the sarcopenia components, sex differences affect the history of falls. Therefore, when studying the risk of falls in old age, sex differences should be considered.

scholarly journals Effects of Exposure to Road, Railway, Airport and Recreational Noise on Blood Pressure and Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Petri ◽  
Gaetano Licitra ◽  
Maria Angela Vigotti ◽  
Luca Fredianelli
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Noise is one of the most diffused environmental stressors affecting modern life. As such, the scientific community is committed to studying the main emission and transmission mechanisms aiming at reducing citizens’ exposure, but is also actively studying the effects that noise has on health. However, scientific literature lacks data on multiple sources of noise and cardiovascular outcomes. The present cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the impact that different types of noise source (road, railway, airport and recreational) in an urban context have on blood pressure variations and hypertension. 517 citizens of Pisa, Italy, were subjected to a structured questionnaire and five measures of blood pressure in one day. Participants were living in the same building for at least 5 years, were aged from 37 to 72 years old and were exposed to one or more noise sources among air traffic, road traffic, railway and recreational noise. Logistic and multivariate linear regression models have been applied in order to assess the association between exposures and health outcomes. The analyses showed that prevalence of high levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is consistent with an increase of 5 dB (A) of night-time noise (β = 0.50 95% CI: 0.18–0.81). Furthermore, increased DBP is also positively associated with more noise sensitive subjects, older than 65 years old, without domestic noise protection, or who never close windows. Among the various noise sources, railway noise was found to be the most associated with DBP (β = 0.68; 95% CI: −1.36, 2.72). The obtained relation between DBP and night-time noise levels reinforces current knowledge.

scholarly journals The impact of racially-motivated housing discrimination on allostatic load among Indigenous university students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Currie ◽  
Takara A. Motz ◽  
Jennifer L Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
University Students ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Discrimination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Allostatic load (AL) is a preclinical marker of the pathophysiologic processes that precede the onset of disease. The goal of this study was to examine the association between racially-motivated housing discrimination and AL score within a sample of Indigenous university students.Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a small city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017 ( N = 104; Mean age = 27.8 years). An item adapted from the Experience of Discrimination Scale was to assess racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past 12 months. AL was measured as a composite of 7 biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped linear regression models were used to examine associations adjusting for age, income, parenthood, and other situations in which discrimination had been experienced.Results Indigenous university students who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year (16.8% of the sample) had an average AL score of approximately 4, which was almost double that of their peers who had not. In an adjusted model. racially-motivated housing discrimination was associated with a-1.5 point increase in AL score. This model explained 35% of the adjusted variance in AL score, of which racially-motivated housing discrimination explained 24% ( R 2 Change = 0.24, F Change = 32.52, Sig. F Change p <0.001).Conclusions Indigenous adults who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year had early and more pronounced wear and tear on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system functioning in young and middle adulthood than Indigenous peers who did not. These findings combine with others to highlight the need for increased efforts to prevent racially-motivated housing discrimination in urban centres.

Factors Associated with Nonattendance to a Geriatric Clinic among Mexican Older Adults

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Negrete-Najar ◽  
Yoselin Juárez-Carrillo ◽  
Jimena Gómez-Camacho ◽  
Nancy R. Mejía-Domínguez ◽  
Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Outpatient appointment nonattendance (NA) represents a public health problem, increasing the risk of unfavorable health-related outcomes. Although NA is significant among older adults, little is known regarding its correlates. This study aimed to identify the correlates (including several domains from the geriatric assessment) of single and repeated NA episodes in a geriatric medicine outpatient clinic, in general and in the context of specific comorbidities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a cross-sectional study including data from 3,034 older adults aged ≥60 years with ≥1 scheduled appointments between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. Appointment characteristics as well as sociodemographic, geographical, and environmental information were obtained. Univariate and multivariate multinomial regression analyses were carried out. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean age was 81.8 years (SD 7.19). Over a third (37.4%) of participants missed one scheduled appointment, and 14.4% missed ≥2. Participants with a history of stroke (OR 1.336, <i>p</i> = 0.041) and those with a greater number of scheduled appointments during the study time frame (OR 1.182, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) were more likely to miss one appointment, while those with Parkinson’s disease (OR 0.346, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), other pulmonary diseases (OR 0.686, <i>p</i> = 0.008), and better functioning for activities of daily living (ADL) (OR 0.883, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) were less likely to do so. High socioeconomic level (OR 2.235, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), not having a partner (OR 1.410, <i>p</i> = 0.006), a history of fractures (OR 1.492, <i>p</i> = 0.031), and a greater number of scheduled appointments (OR 1.668, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) increased the risk of repeated NA, while osteoarthritis (OR 0.599, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and hypertension (OR 0.680, <i>p</i> = 0.002) decreased it. In specific comorbidity populations (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer), better ADL functioning protected from a single NA, while better mobility functioning protected from repeated NA in older patients with hypertension and cancer. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Identifying geriatric factors linked to an increased probability of NA may allow one to anticipate its likelihood and lead to the design and implementation of preventive strategies and to an optimization of the use of available health resources. The impact of these factors on adherence to clinical visits requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Is a View of Green Spaces from Home Associated with a Lower Risk of Anxiety and Depression?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7014
Author(s):  
Olta Braçe ◽  
Marco Garrido-Cumbrera ◽  
Ronan Foley ◽  
José Correa-Fernández ◽  
Gina Suárez-Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Although a large body of research supports the theory that exposure to nature results in mental health benefits, research evidence on the effects of having a view of green space from home is still scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact that access to a green space view from home has on anxiety and depression. This is a cross-sectional study extracting data from the “2018 Green Spaces, Daily Habits and Urban Health Survey” conducted in Carmona (Spain). The study included variables on sociodemographic and lifestyle, view of green spaces from home, self-perceived health status, and risk of anxiety and depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Chi-square tests were used to assess variable’s associations and a multiple linear regression models used to identify the variables explaining the risk of anxiety and depression, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of visits and view of green spaces from home. According to our results, adults who enjoy a view of green spaces from home have a lower risk of anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals The Urban Built Environment and Mobility in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Rosso ◽  
Amy H. Auchincloss ◽  
Yvonne L. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Mobility restrictions in older adults are common and increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes and premature mortality. The effect of built environment on mobility in older populations, among whom environmental effects may be strongest, is the focus of a growing body of the literature. We reviewed recent research (1990–2010) that examined associations of objective measures of the built environment with mobility and disability in adults aged 60 years or older. Seventeen empirical articles were identified. The existing literature suggests that mobility is associated with higher street connectivity leading to shorter pedestrian distances, street and traffic conditions such as safety measures, and proximity to destinations such as retail establishments, parks, and green spaces. Existing research is limited by differences in exposure and outcome assessments and use of cross-sectional study designs. This research could lead to policy interventions that allow older adults to live more healthy and active lives in their communities.

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