scholarly journals Retraction: Matsunaka, T., et al. Temporal Variations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Seawater at Tsukumo Bay, Noto Peninsula, Japan, during 2014–2018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 873

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The journal retracts the article “Temporal Variations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Seawater at Tsukumo Bay, Noto Peninsula, Japan, during 2014–2018” cited above [...]

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in Urumqi, China: Temporal Variations, Health Risk, and Sources

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwubinuer Rekefu ◽  
Dilinuer Talifu ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Yusan Turap ◽  
Mailikezhati Maihemuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Positive Matrix ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Mean

PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 samples were simultaneously collected in Urumqi from January to December 2011, and 14 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined. The mean concentrations of total PAHs in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 were 20.90~844.22 ng m−3 and 19.65~176.5 ng m−3 respectively, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. Above 80% of PAHs were enriched in PM2.5, which showed remarkable seasonal variations compared to coarse particles. High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were predominant in PM2.5 (46.61~85.13%), whereas the proportions of lower molecular weight (LMW) and HMW PAHs in PM2.5–10 showed a decreasing and an increasing trend, respectively, from spring to winter. The estimated concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent carcinogenic potency (BaPeq) in PM2.5 (10.49~84.52 ng m−3) were higher than that of in PM2.5–10 (1.15~13.33 ng m−3) except in summer. The estimated value of inhalation cancer risk in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 were 1.63 × 10−4~7.35 × 10−3 and 9.94 × 10−5~1.16 × 10−3, respectively, far exceeding the health-based guideline level of 10−4. Diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization results demonstrated that PAHs in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 were from similar sources, such as coal combustion, biomass burning, coking, and petroleum combustion, respectively. Coal combustion was the most important source for PAHs both in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10, accounting for 54.20% and 50.29%, respectively.

scholarly journals C14H10 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Formation by Acetylene Addition to Naphthalenyl Radicals Observed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeehyun Yang ◽  
Mica C. Smith ◽  
Matthew Brian Prendergast ◽  
Te-Chun Chu ◽  
William H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during combustion has a substantial impact on environmental pollution and public health. The hydrogen-abstraction-acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism is expected to be a significant source...

scholarly journals Ecotoxicity and Associated Threat of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Biodiversity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Umar Zungum ◽  
Tijjani Sabiu Imam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Fuels ◽  
Complex Organic

There is a sustained rise in incidence of cancer and toxicity related to chemicals exerting enormous burden to public health and biodiversity. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mong such contaminants, precisely the sixteen-priority characterized by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Therefore, this review is aimed at further elaboration about the 16 USEPA characterized PAHs and threat portend to public health and biodiversity. PAHs are a class of very stable organic pollutants produced most commonly, by incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and are formed when complex organic substances are exposed to heat. PAHs in great amount due to build up over time by bioaccumulation can be perilous: to human beings of all age and levels, aquatic organisms, amphibians and reptiles. The soil like the aquatic environment contains substantial quantity of PAHs since, atmospheric PAHs sediments on the soil due to dry and wet deposition, terrestrial organism are impacted if the soil is saturated with PAHs. Therefore, PAHs are a great source of trepidation for food safety, public health and biodiversity sustenance. Hence, tackling the spade of the menacing ubiquity of PAHs becomes necessary from its sources by encouragement of alternatives to petroleum fuels for machines and vehicles.

scholarly journals Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) Deposition Flux and Sources in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Chenyan Sha ◽  
Dayan Li ◽  
Cheng Shen ◽  
Hao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Central City ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Functional Areas

Abstract Spatial and temporal variations of PAHs deposition flux and sources may significantly facilitate risk evaluations of super magacity in China. A study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of wet deposition and dry deposition in Shanghai was conducted from January to December, 2019. 17 sites were investigated located in four representative functional areas, covering iron and steel industry (BS), petrochemical industry (JS), central city (CC) and agricultural area (CM). The results showed that atmospheric PAHs level in shanghai was the lowest in autumn and the highest in winter. As industrial area, BS and JS demonstrated higher PAHs deposition fluxes than those in CC and CM sites. Triangle map indicated that the PAHs distribution in winter and spring samples were more homogeneous, suggesting possible common origins, whereas that of summer and autumn seemed to be more dispersed. Isomar ratio and positive matrix factorization model were employed to identify the potential sources of PAHs in specific functional areas. BS was dominated by a high percentage (46%) of coal combustion. In JS site, the petroleum volatilization source percentage was 47.6%. The highest biomass burning (55.3%) contributions were in CM. Vehicle emission (49.3%) was identified as the predominant source of PAHs in CC. This study highlighted that local emission sources have a greater influence on PAHs deposition to specific functional regions in Shanghai.

scholarly journals Temporal Distribution and Gas/Particle Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Atmosphere of Strasbourg, France

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Supansa Chimjarn ◽  
Olivier Delhomme ◽  
Maurice Millet
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Large City ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Gas and particulate phase ambient air concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Ʃ16PAHs) were determined in Strasbourg, a large city located in the Alsace region of northeastern France, from May 2018 to March 2020, to study the evolution of their temporal variations and their potential origins. The analysis of PAHs was performed using a global analytical method permitting the quantification of pesticides, PAHs, and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). Filters and Carbon doped silicon carbide NMC@SiC foams were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE). Afterwards, extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Prior to analysis, a pre-concentration step based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was used with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 100 µm fiber. The average total (gas plus particulate) concentration of Ʃ16PAHs varied from 0.51 to 117.31 ng m−3 with a mean of 16.87 ng m−3, with higher concentrations in the cold season of more than 2.5-fold and 6-fold that in the warm season for the gas and particulate phases, respectively. Moreover, low molecular weight (LMW) (2-ring and 3-ring) and medium molecular weight (MMW) (4-ring) PAHs contribute dominantly to the gas phase, while the particulate phase is associated with MMW (4-ring) and high molecular weight (HMW) (5-ring and 6-ring) PAHs. Gas/particle partitioning coefficient (log Kp) was calculated, and values varied between −4.13 and −1.49. It can be seen that the log Kp increased with the molecular weight of the PAHs and that the log Kp is different between cold and warm seasons for HMW PAHs but not for LMW PAHs. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, which were employed to estimate the primary source of PAHs in Strasbourg, indicate that fuel combustion and biomass/coal burning are the possible origins of PAHs in Strasbourg’s atmosphere.

scholarly journals Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Beers: Consumption and Public Health Concerns

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
V. N. Okafor ◽  
U. B. Uche ◽  
R. C. Abailim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Aim: The aim is to investigate some physicochemical properties of beers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminants in beer brewed with isomerized hop extract and in comparison with beers brewed with extracts from four Nigerian potential hop substitutes. Study Design: Beers were brewed using isomerized hop extract and extracts from four Nigerian bitter vegetables. Analyses of physicochemical properties of the beers and for the presence of 16 specific target PAHs were carried out using their respective standard methods. Place and Duration of Study: Analysis of physicochemical properties of the beers was done at Nigerian Breweries PLC, Enugu while analysis for PAHs was conducted at Central Laboratory, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos between July, 2018 and November, 2019. Methodology: Physicochemical properties of the beers (alcohol content, bitterness level, pH, specific gravity, colour) were determined using their respective standard methods. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used in analyzing for PAHs [naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene]. Four isotopically labelled PAHs (acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10, chrysene-d12 and perylene-d12) were used as internal standards. Results: Alcohol content (%v//v) in the beer samples is A(5.20); B(4.28); C(4.40); D(4.43) and E(4.54), bitterness level in International Bitterness Units (IBU) is A(0.54); B(0.80); C(1.46); D(1.46) and E(0.08), pH is A(4.36); B(3.08); C(3.88); D(3.90) and E(3.87), specific gravity is A(10.06); B(10.00); C(10.00); D(10.06) and E(10.06), and beer colour is A(5.80); B(7.70); C(6.60); D(8.00) and E(7.40). All 16 EPA PAHs were not found in all the beer samples except pyrene which was detected in sample B at a concentration of 0.00402 mg/kg. Conclusion: It is concluded that extracts from the four Nigerian bitter vegetables could be used as substitutes for isomerized hop extract and that consumption of beer produced using extract from G. kola poses great public health concerns.

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